Symptoms and control measures of leaf miner pest in tomato crop

11/01/2024Posted on
Symptoms and control measures of leaf miner pest in tomato crop

Symptoms of Leaf Miner Damage: These are tiny insects. The symptoms of its damage first appear on the leaves. The female of this pest lays eggs by tunnelling inside the leaves. Due to this the larvae come out and eat the green matter of the leaves, due to which white zigzag streaks appear on the leaves. In case of severe infection, the leaves become weak and start falling.

Control measures: For control of this pest, Spray Benevia (Cyantraniliprole 10.26% OD) @ 360 ml + Neemgold Azadirachtin 3000 ppm) @ 1000 ml + Silicomaxx gold 50 ml + Novamaxx (Gibberellic Acid 0.001 % L) @ 300 ml per acre @ 150 to 200 litres of water.

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Symptoms and control measures of late blight in potato crops!

10/01/2024Posted on
Symptoms and control measures of late blight in potato crops

Symptoms of damage: Small water-soaked brown spots develop on the tips and margins of the leaves. And a white cotton-like growth of fungus appears around the spots. Under favourable weather conditions like low temperature, and high humidity, the disease spreads rapidly and the whole crop may be destroyed and blighted within 10-14 days.

Control measures: For the control of this disease, Spray NovaCrust (Azoxystrobin 11% + Tebuconazole 18.3% SC) @ 300 ml or Carmanova (Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% WP) @ 700 gm + Novamaxx (Gibberellic Acid 0.001 % L) 300 ml + Silico Maxx gold 50 ml per acre @ 150 to 200 litres of water.

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Symptoms and control measures of leaf miner pest in watermelon crop!

09/01/2024Posted on
Symptoms and control measures of leaf miner pest in watermelon crop!

Symptoms of Leaf Miner Damage: These are tiny insects. The symptoms of its damage first appear on the leaves. The female of this pest lays eggs by tunnelling inside the leaves. Due to this the larvae come out and eat the green matter of the leaves, due to which white zigzag streaks appear on the leaves. In case of severe infection, the leaves become weak and start falling.

Control measures: To control this pest, spray Neemgold (Azadirachtin 0.3%) 3000 ppm @ 150 ml, per 15 litres of water (according to Tamil Nadu Agricultural University). After 2 days, take a spray of Novamaxx (Gibberellic Acid 0.001 % L) @ 30 ml + 19:19:19 @ 80 gm per 15 litres of water.

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How to increase the shine of potatoes!

08/01/2024Posted on
How to increase the brightness of potatoes

It is most important to have shiny, clean, attractive skin of the potato, due to which the market price and demand are also high, potato skin infections like black scurf, powdery and common scab make the potato less attractive and storage capacity is also affected. Therefore, the right amount of nutrients can reduce the skin disorder of potatoes. And can increase the glow of the skin.

  • Calcium: Calcium plays an important role in improving the colour of potato skin. Calcium strengthens the outer layer of the tuber, making it resistant to many diseases including black scurf, silver scurf, powdery scab or common scab.

  • Sulphur: Sulphur helps in reducing the levels of common and powdery scabs. This problem can also be caused by the decrease in the pH of the soil. To prevent this, sulfur is used.

  • Boron: Boron improves the effectiveness of calcium. Boron helps to stabilize calcium in the cell wall and also increases the absorption of calcium.

  • Zinc: Zinc helps in reducing the infection of disease. Zinc is commonly used to protect against powdery scabs. The use of zinc is only effective for powdery scabs in soil applications.

  • Magnesium and manganese: Magnesium and manganese can reduce levels of common scabs.

  • Dose: To increase the shiny skin and tuber size of the potato, apply Calbor 5 kg + Zinc Sulphate 5 kg + Magnesium Sulphate 5 kg + Potash 20 kg, mix all these together evenly on a one-acre area and do light irrigation.

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Necessary spraying for pod borer caterpillar and more flowers in gram crop!

07/01/2024Posted on
Necessary spraying for pod borer caterpillar and more flowers in gram crop

Pod borer: The young larvae of this pest eat all the parts except the veins of the leaves and also eat the flowers and pods in the stage of flowers and pods. In green pods, it empties the pods by making circular holes and eats the seeds. Due to this, there is a huge reduction in production.

Control measures: For higher flowering and pod borer control in chickpea crops, Spray Cosko (Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC) @ 50 ml or Celquin (Quinalphos 25% EC) @ 400 ml + Bave Curb (Bavaria bassiana 5% WP) @ 250 gm + Nutriful Maxx (Fulvic Acid Extract – 20% + Calcium, Magnesium & Potassium micronutrient content 5% + Amino Acids) @ 250 ml + Silico Maxx Gold @ 50 ml @ 150 to 200 litres of water per acre.

Nutriful Maxx:

  • It increases flowering and enhances the colour and quality of fruits.

  • Increases resistance of plants against drought, frost etc.

  • Also enhances the transport of nutrients from the root.

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Know how to save the crop from frost!

06/01/2024Posted on
Know how to save the crop from frost!

  • The problem of frost usually occurs from December to mid-February.

  • Frost occurs when the temperature of the atmosphere reaches zero degrees centigrade while being less than 8 degrees centigrade.

  • Due to frost, the water present in the cell of the crop gets converted into ice, due to which the plant cells burst.

  • Due to this, the leaves get scorched and the process of photosynthesis gets affected, due to which the crop does not grow.

  • Due to the outbreak of frost in the stage of flower pod and ear, the flowers and fruits fall and the colour of the grain becomes black. Due to this, the yield is badly affected.

  • If this condition of frost persists for a long time, the plants may even die.

Measures to protect crops from frost

  • Irrigation of the fields is necessary – Irrigate the crop lightly in the morning. Irrigation increases the temperature by 0.5 – 2 degrees Celsius.

  • Wind barriers: – These barriers reduce the intensity of cold waves and protect the crops from damage. For this, such crops should be sown around the field, by which the wind can be stopped to some extent like maize should be sown in the gram field.

  • Smoke near the farm – In the evening, smoke by burning dry grass, straw and cow dung cakes. Although this process is not suitable from an environmental point of view, it also helps in preventing frost.

  • If possible, sprinkle water on the leaves of the crop.

  • Cover the plant:- Maximum loss of temperature occurs in the nursery. It is advisable to cover the plants in the nursery with a plastic sheet at night. By doing this, the temperature inside the plastic increases by 2-3 degrees Celsius.

Biological protection measures

  • When the frost is expected, take a spray of Monas–Curb (Pseudomonas fluorescens 1.0 % WP) @ 500 gm @ 200 litres of water per acre.

Chemical protection measures

  • Spray Wokovit (Sulphur 80% WDG) @ 35 gm per 15 litres of water over the crops. Due to this, the temperature can increase by two to two and a half degree centigrade.

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Measures to prevent fungal diseases in wheat crops

05/01/2024Posted on
Measures to prevent fungal diseases in wheat crops

At this stage in the wheat crop, there is a problem of fungal diseases like rust, which are of 3 types –

Brown Rust / Leaf Rust: Its one of the three major types of rust infections in wheat. Leaf rust attacks only the foliage. The fruiting bodies of the fungus are reddish-orange to reddish-brown on the surface of the leaves, covering almost the entire upper leaf surface. These rusts are smaller, circular or slightly elliptical as compared to stem rust and the fruiting bodies are not joined together.

Stripe rust / yellow rust: It appears early in the season because it prefers cool, moist weather. Yellow rust usually causes streaks on the leaves with yellow to orange-yellow fungal fruiting bodies, which also affect the leaf sheaths, necks, and ear sheaths.

Stem rust / black rust: The spots of stem rust are more elongated than those of yellow and brown rust. On both sides of the leaves, on the stems and spikes, there are spreading bodies of dark reddish brown mould. Which are usually separate and scattered rough. It is also called black rust. Because its spores turn black later.

Control measures: To control all these types of rust, apply Zerox (Propiconazole 25% EC) @ 200 gm or Godiwa Super (Azoxystrobin 18.2% + Difenoconazole 11.4% SC) @ 200 ml @ 150 to 200 litres of water per acre.

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Know what is the reason for the yellowing of the wheat crop

04/01/2024Posted on
Know what is the reason for the yellowing of the wheat crop

  • The yellowing of wheat crops occurs due to 3-4 reasons.

  • In the initial stage, there is yellowness in the lower leaves of wheat, it is due to the deficiency of Nitrogen.

  • One is a fungal disease, which is a soil and seed-borne disease, which sometimes rots the roots of plants due to excessive water logging or due to stagnation of water for a long time, which causes the plant to turn yellow.

  • At present, root aphids, termites and stem borer insects are being seen in most of the crops, this is also the main reason for yellowness in wheat crops.

Root aphid: Root Aphid pests are found more from the month of November to February. These are transparent insects which are yellowish brown in colour with very small and soft bodies. They are present near the base of the plants or on the roots of the plants and suck the sap of the plants. Due to the sucking of sap, the leaves turn yellow or mature prematurely and the plant dies.

Termite: A termite is a white-coloured insect, which lives by forming a colony. Termite infestation occurs immediately after sowing till maturity. These insects feed on the roots, stems and even the cellulose of dead plant tissues. Due to this the damaged plant turns yellow and dries up completely. White spikes emerge from damaged plants during flowering.

Stem borer: The pink larva of the stem borer penetrates the stem and causes dead heart symptoms.

Control measures

Urea: It is the biggest source of nitrogen supply in the crop. By its use, there is no problem with the yellowing and drying of leaves. Urea accelerates the process of photosynthesis. Must use @ 40 kg urea per acre.

Fungal diseases: To control, apply Combat @ 2 kg + Monas Curb @ 500 gm per acre, evenly broadcast with light irrigation.

Termite: To control this Insect, you can give Dhanvan 20 (Chlorpyriphos 20% EC) @ 1400 ml per acre with irrigation water.

Pink stem borer: To control this pest, Spray Celquin (Quinalphos 25% EC) @ 320 ml per acre @ 200 litres of water.

Root aphid: To control this pest, apply Thianova 25 (Thiamethoxam 25 % WG) @ 100 gm (finely) + Bave Curb @ 500 gm mixed with Urea per acre and apply light irrigation.

Or

If you have done irrigation, then spray Media (Imidacloprid 17.80% SL) @ 60 to 70 ml + Silicomaxx Gold @ 50 ml + Novamaxx @ 300 ml per acre, 150 to 200 litres of water.

For such important information related to the agriculture sector and farmers, do read Gramophone’s articles daily. If you liked today’s information then don’t forget to share it with friends.

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Symptoms and control measures of early blight in potato crops!

03/01/2024Posted on
Symptoms and control measures of early blight in potato crops

Symptoms of damage:

  • Symptoms of early blight appear on the stem, leaves and potato tubers.

  • Initial symptoms appear as small 1-2 mm black or brown lesions on leaves.

  • The lesions become larger under favourable environmental conditions. Lesions more significant than 10 mm in diameter often have deep rings. As the lesions progress, entire leaves become chlorotic.

  • Lesions on stems are often sunken. This may result in the death of the plant.

  • Severely infected leaves turn yellow and drop. Infected tubers show brown, corky dry rot.

Control measures:

  • For the control of this disease, Spray NovaCrust (Azoxystrobin 11% + Tebuconazole 18.3% SC) @ 300 ml or Carmanova (Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% WP) @ 700 gm + Novamaxx (Gibberellic Acid 0.001 % L) 300 ml + Silicomaxx gold 50ml per acre @ 150 to 200 litres of water.

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Know the right way to prepare nursery for good yield of chilli

02/01/2024Posted on
Know the right way to prepare nursery for good yield of chilli

  • The right time for nursery raising is from the last week of December to February. For planting in a one-acre area, a 40-square-meter nursery area is required.

  • For good germination of seeds and good growth of plants, it is necessary to have friable soil.

  • Which should be rich in organic matter, and well-drained loam soil with a pH range of 6.5-7.5.

  • Do one ploughing with soil turning plough and do 2-3 ploughing with the help of a harrow. and remove other unwanted materials present in the field.

  • If there is less moisture in the soil, first do light irrigation, then prepare the field.

  • And in the last, level the field by using the leveller.

  • To protect the seeds from seed and soil-borne diseases like damping off,  sow them after treating with Combat (Trichoderma viride 1.00 % WP) @ 4 gm or Monas Curb (Pseudomonas fluorescens 1.00 % WP) @ 10 gm per kg of seed.

  • After land preparation, apply FYM – 10 kg + Speed Kompost 200 gm + Maxxroot – 50 gm + DAP – 1 kg, and mix them all evenly in a 40 square meter nursery area. 

  • Seed rate – 80 to 100 grams of seed is sufficient per acre.

  • And sow the seeds in the prepared bed, and do light irrigation with the help of a watering can.

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