Control of Yellow Mosaic Disease in Okra

  • Remove and destroy disease-affected leaves/plants from crop fields to avoid secondary spread.
  • Parbhani Kranti, Janardhan, Haritha, Arka Anamika and Arka Abhay can tolerate yellow vein mosaic.
  • Do not use high fertilizer during plant growth.
  • Do not roted okra with other hosts of the virus.
  • If possible, choose early planting to the controlling of yellow mosaic virus disease.
  • Keep sanitation while using any tools that are using in crop.
  • Use 4-5 sticky trap/acre to the controlling of whitefly infestation.
  • Spray imidacloprid 17.8% SL 80 ml/acre for the controlling of whitefly.
  • Spray dimethoate 30% EC 250 ml/acre of water.

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Yellow Mosaic Disease in Okra/Bhindi

  • This is the most important and destructive viral disease in bhindi.
  • The disease infects at all the stages of crop growth and severely reduces growth and yield.
  • The disease is transmitted by whitefly.
  • The characteristic symptoms of the disease are a homogenous interwoven network of yellow veins enclosing islands of green tissues.
  • Initially, infected leaves exhibit only yellow-colored veins but in the later stages, the entire leaf turns completely yellow.
  • The fruits of the infected plants exhibit pale yellow color, deformed, small and tough in texture.

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Grading of green peas

    • When garden peas are intended for fresh market,  it is necessary to remove over matured yellow pods, flat pods, the diseased and insect injured pods.  
    • Peas for processing are graded into four grades based on the size of shelled peas.  

 

  • Smaller sizes are considered to have the best quality.

 

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Harvesting of green pea

  • Harvesting of green pods must be done at the proper stage.  
  • For the vegetable purpose, the pods are harvested when their color changes from dark green to light green and are well filled.  
  • The plant should be handled gently and if the vines are damaged during picking, the remaining pods will not develop properly.

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Control of Stemphylium Blight in Onion

  • Spray fungicides, Mancozeb75% WP @ 500 g /acre or
  • Hexaconazole 5% SC @ 400 ml/acre or 
  • Propiconazole 25%EC @ 200 ml/acre
  • at 10-15 days interval from 30 days after transplanting or as soon as disease appears.

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Symptoms of Stemphylium Blight in Onion

Stemphylium blight:- 

 

  • Small yellowish to orange spots or streaks in the middle of leaves and flower stalks appear on one side.  
  • Later stage elongated spindle-shaped spots surrounded by pinkish margin developed in the middle of leaves.  
  • The disease appearing on the inflorescence stalk causes severe damage to the seed crop.

 

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Drip irrigation and Advantages of Drip Irrigation

Drip irrigation 

The availability of water for the successful production of a good crop is an important factor. Due to the ever-increasing population and climate change, the quantity of water available in the ground is decreasing, due to which the production of crops is constantly decreasing. Drip irrigation was invented to solve this problem which has proved to be a boon for farmers. In this method, water is transported directly from the sources of plastic pipes to the roots of plants.

Advantages of Drip Irrigation –

  • Saves 60-70% of water compared to other irrigation systems.

  • Drip irrigation helps plants to provide nutrients with greater efficiency.

  • Drip irrigation can prevent losses of water (due to evaporation and leakage).

  • Water in drip irrigation is given directly in the crop roots. Due to which the surrounding soil becomes dry, weeds cannot be grown.

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Post Calving Challenges In Milk Cattles

  • Reduced Dry Matter intake:- Before and during calving, cows do not eat or drink, But during calving cows can lose up to 50 Litre of water and electrolytes due to this, the cow becomes inactive and reduces dry matter intake.

  • Rapid increase in calcium demand:- Colostrum and milk contains large quantities of calcium, so after Calvin demand increases.

  • Negative Energy Balance:- After Calving most of the cows enter into a state of negative energy balance.

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Management of Wilt in Pea

  • Treat seeds with Carboxin 37.%+ Thiram 37.5% @ 2 gm /kg or Trichoderma viride @ 5 gm/kg before sowing and avoid early sowing in badly infected areas.
  • Follow 3 years crops rotation.
  • Destroy the weed hosts.
  • Apply Mycorrhiza @ 4 kg/acre at 15 days after sowing.
  • Spraying Thiaphanate methyl 75% WP @ 300 gm/acre at before flowering.
  • Spraying Propiconazole 25% EC @ 125 ml/acre at pod formation stage.

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Symptoms of Wilt in Pea

  • The roots turn black and the later rot away.

  • Plant growth is checked, foliage turn yellow and downward curling of stipules and leaflets takes place.

  • The entire plant wilts and the stem shrivels.

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