August 2025 – Gramophone

Outbreak of Shoot and fruit borer will increase in brinjal crop, prevent soon

31/08/2025 Friday August 8th, 2025

Shoot and fruit borer are considered the most destructive pests of brinjal crop.
The crop is affected by the drugs in both the vegetative and fruit stages.
This insect remains active throughout the year in a place with a moderate climate.
Eggshells, grapes, flower buds and sometimes the only details on the ventral surface of the flowers are below.
When young, the caterpillars are restless and bore into the cecals and midribs of young tender stems, sealing the entry point with excrement and feeding inside.
Affected leaves dry up and fall down while the growth point is destroyed in case of scab. In the later stage, the caterpillars bore holes in the flower buds and fruits.
To control it, use Novalaxam (Lambda Cyhalothrin 9.5% + Thiamethoxam12.9% ZC) @ 50-80ml per acre.

Outbreak of downy mildew will cause heavy loss in cucumber crop

30/08/2025 Friday August 8th, 2025

Symptoms of downy mildew are confined to the leaves and their appearance varies widely among cucurbit species. On most species, lesions are first visible on the upper leaf surface as small, irregular to angular, slightly chlorotic areas.
Symptoms appear first on older leaves and progress to younger leaves as they expand.
When conditions (leaf wetness and humidity) favour sporulation, the production of fruiting bodies (sporangia) on the lower leaf surface gives the undersides of the lesions a downy appearance, varying in colour from light grey to deep purple.
Lesions can coalesce and result in large areas of dead tissue which exposes the fruit to sunscald. Extensive defoliation can occur when conditions are favourable.
For its control, apply Novaxyl (Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP) @ 1 kg/acre or Jatayu (Chlorothalonil 75% WP) @ 300 g/acre.

The outbreak of maggot will increase in onions, this is how to protect

29/08/2025 Friday August 8th, 2025

Onion maggot is a very small white colored insect and it causes a lot of damage to onion tubers.
In large tubers, 9 to 10 maggots attack simultaneously and make it hollow. Due to this, onion bulb rots completely.
Symptoms of its infestation appear as wilting and yellowing of leaves, after which the leaves start falling. Leaves may rot and plants may die as infestations progress.
Onion plants are most vulnerable during the seedling stage, and seedlings can be killed by larval feeding.
These insects can cause damage to the onion crop throughout the crop cycle, although they are widely known to frequently infect the crop during the vegetative stage.
If the attack of this pest occurs in the last stage of the crop, then due to this the possibility of storage rot problem increases.
To control maggots in Onion, use Caldan 4G (Cartap Hydrochloride) @ 7.5 kg/acre or Fax GR (Fipronil 00.30% GR) 8.0 kg/acre.

Save sugarcane crop from red rot disease, know the control measures

28/08/2025 Friday August 8th, 2025

This fungus mainly attacks the stem and leaves of the sugarcane plant. the leaves of the upper portion of the plant become pale and dark red which ultimately droop down.
The stem splits and many red-coloured longitudinal streaks are formed on it. The red colouring is mainly in the vascular bundles and often in the pith.
At severe infection, the stem gets rotten, shrinks at internodes, and becomes dull in appearance. The pathogen attacks all the parts above the ground, but more especially the canes stems, and midribs of leaves.
When the diseased canes(stems) are split open, the tissues of the internodes will be found longitudinally reddened (normally white or yellowish-white) in one or more internodes.
This red colour is interrupted by white patches extending crosswise on the canes. In the case of true red rot, the red colour extends through many internodes.
To control it, remove the affected bunches at the initial stage and drench the soil with Carbendazim 50 WP (1 gram per 1 liter of water).

Early blight outbreak in tomato will have serious consequences

27/08/2025 Friday August 8th, 2025

Symptoms of early blight usually begin after the first fruit set on tomato plants, starting with a few small, brown lesions on the lower leaves.
As the lesions progress, they take on the shape of target-like rings with dry, dead plant tissue in between.
The surrounding plant tissue turns yellow, then brown before the leaves die and drop from the plant.
While early blight does not directly affect the fruit, loss of protective foliage from exposure to direct sun can damage the fruit. That condition is called sun-scald.
Control: Novacrust (Azoxystrobin 11% + Tebuconazole 18.3% SC) @ 240-400 ml/acre or M 45 (Mancozeb75 % WP) @ 600-800 gm/acre.

Nematodes cause heavy damage to crops, know the control measures?

26/08/2025 Friday August 8th, 2025

Nematodes are like very thin threads. Their body is long cylindrical and the whole body is without segments.
Nematodes, living inside the soil, form a knot in the roots of the crop and damage the crop.
Biological treatment is the best solution to control this pest.
Soil treatment is the best way to control this pest.
As a chemical treatment, treat the soil with Furi (Carbofuran 3% GR) @ 10 kg/acre.
Before sowing the crop, apply Nematofree (Paceilomyces Linnaeus) @ 1 kg/acre mixed with 50-100 kg FYM in an empty field.
Whenever this product is used, keep in mind that it is contemporary in the field.

Symptoms and prevention measures of powdery mildew and downy mildew in chilli

25/08/2025 Friday August 8th, 2025

Powdery and Downy mildew is a fungal disease that highly affects the leaves of chilli crops.
This disease is also known as Bhabhutiya disease.
In Powdery mildew, white powder appears on the upper surface of the leaves of the chilli plant.
In Downy mildew yellow spots appear on the lower surface of the leaves, after some time these spots become large, angular, and turn into a brown powder.
This brown powder deposits as a layer on the leaves making the process of photosynthesis difficult.
To control the disease, spray Novacrust (Azoxystrobin 11% + Tebuconazole 18.3% SC) @ 240-400 ml/acre or Tesunova (Tebuconazole 10% + Sulfur 65% WG) @ 500 g/acre.
As a biological treatment, spray Tricho shield combat(Trichoderma viridi @ 500 g/acre or Monas- curb(Pseudomonas fluorescens)@ 250 g/acre.

How to take care of soybean crops in low rainfall

24/08/2025 Friday August 8th, 2025

We all are aware of how the climate is changing these days.
This shifting pattern of weather makes heavy rainfall in some areas and low rainfall in others, it is in these areas of low rainfall that soybean crop is being affected drastically.
Soybean crops suffer a lot due to drought and high temperatures.
The symptoms of water scarcity are seen in the soybean crop in the form of dullness and plant wilting causing the plant to come under stress which makes the growth of the soybean plant reduced or stunted.
To manage it, apply NovaMaxx (Gibrelic Acid 0.001%) @ 180-200 ml/acre or MaxxRoot (Humic Acid + Potassium + Fulvic Acid) @ 100 g/acre

Leaf spot disease will cause severe infection in brinjal leaves, learn preventive measures

23/08/2025 Friday August 8th, 2025

Infection of brinjal plants with leaf spot disease initially appears on older leaves. These spots are small, chlorotic globular to oval in shape that turn brown to brown on the upper leaf surface and light brown on the lower leaf surface.
As the disease progresses, concentric rings of diseased tissue may develop with sporulation in the center of the spots. Wounds can dry out, causing cracks in the tissue and the development of shot holes.
In this disease, the infection does not spread on the fruits of brinjal, but due to severe infection on the leaves, there can be a huge reduction in yield.
To control the disease use Novaphanate (Thiophanate methyl 75%wp) @ 300 gm/acre + Monas-curb (Pseudomonas fluorescens 1% w.p.) @ 250gm per acre.

Identify the symptoms of Holcus Leaf Spot disease in maize and adopt preventive measures

22/08/2025 Friday August 8th, 2025

The bacterium Pseudomonas syringae causes round, white to light tan spots on leaves. Spots typically have a brown border. This disease often appears after a rainstorm when warm (75-85°F is favourable). During storms, splashing water disperses the pathogen and wounds that occur (such as by blowing soil) enable the pathogen to enter the leaf.
and may merge into necrotic cystic striae, eventually drying up and leading to papery eyelids. 2 Holcus leaf spot can also be seen in eyespot as a fungal disease, which also has circular spots with a brown border and yellow halo.

Preventive Measures

Plant late to avoid wet climatic conditions that spread the disease.
Avoid working in fields when foliage is wet.
Avoid overhead irrigation.
Clear the field of weeds and alternative hosts.
Do not compost or leave plant residues near plantations.
Remove infected plants immediately and burn their remains.
Crop rotation with non-susceptible crops is recommended.

Shoot and fruit borer are considered the most destructive pests of brinjal crop.

The crop is affected by the drugs in both the vegetative and fruit stages.

This insect remains active throughout the year in a place with a moderate climate.

Eggshells, grapes, flower buds and sometimes the only details on the ventral surface of the flowers are below.

When young, the caterpillars are restless and bore into the cecals and midribs of young tender stems, sealing the entry point with excrement and feeding inside.

Affected leaves dry up and fall down while the growth point is destroyed in case of scab. In the later stage, the caterpillars bore holes in the flower buds and fruits.

To control it, use Novalaxam (Lambda Cyhalothrin 9.5% + Thiamethoxam12.9% ZC) @ 50-80ml per acre.

Symptoms of downy mildew are confined to the leaves and their appearance varies widely among cucurbit species. On most species, lesions are first visible on the upper leaf surface as small, irregular to angular, slightly chlorotic areas.

Symptoms appear first on older leaves and progress to younger leaves as they expand.

When conditions (leaf wetness and humidity) favour sporulation, the production of fruiting bodies (sporangia) on the lower leaf surface gives the undersides of the lesions a downy appearance, varying in colour from light grey to deep purple.

Lesions can coalesce and result in large areas of dead tissue which exposes the fruit to sunscald. Extensive defoliation can occur when conditions are favourable.

For its control, apply Novaxyl (Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP) @ 1 kg/acre or Jatayu (Chlorothalonil 75% WP) @ 300 g/acre.

Onion maggot is a very small white colored insect and it causes a lot of damage to onion tubers.

In large tubers, 9 to 10 maggots attack simultaneously and make it hollow. Due to this, onion bulb rots completely.

Symptoms of its infestation appear as wilting and yellowing of leaves, after which the leaves start falling. Leaves may rot and plants may die as infestations progress.

Onion plants are most vulnerable during the seedling stage, and seedlings can be killed by larval feeding.

These insects can cause damage to the onion crop throughout the crop cycle, although they are widely known to frequently infect the crop during the vegetative stage.

If the attack of this pest occurs in the last stage of the crop, then due to this the possibility of storage rot problem increases.

To control maggots in Onion, use Caldan 4G (Cartap Hydrochloride) @ 7.5 kg/acre or Fax GR (Fipronil 00.30% GR) 8.0 kg/acre.

This fungus mainly attacks the stem and leaves of the sugarcane plant. the leaves of the upper portion of the plant become pale and dark red which ultimately droop down.

The stem splits and many red-coloured longitudinal streaks are formed on it. The red colouring is mainly in the vascular bundles and often in the pith.

At severe infection, the stem gets rotten, shrinks at internodes, and becomes dull in appearance. The pathogen attacks all the parts above the ground, but more especially the canes stems, and midribs of leaves.

When the diseased canes(stems) are split open, the tissues of the internodes will be found longitudinally reddened (normally white or yellowish-white) in one or more internodes.

This red colour is interrupted by white patches extending crosswise on the canes. In the case of true red rot, the red colour extends through many internodes.

To control it, remove the affected bunches at the initial stage and drench the soil with Carbendazim 50 WP (1 gram per 1 liter of water).

Symptoms of early blight usually begin after the first fruit set on tomato plants, starting with a few small, brown lesions on the lower leaves.

As the lesions progress, they take on the shape of target-like rings with dry, dead plant tissue in between.

The surrounding plant tissue turns yellow, then brown before the leaves die and drop from the plant.

While early blight does not directly affect the fruit, loss of protective foliage from exposure to direct sun can damage the fruit. That condition is called sun-scald.

Control: Novacrust (Azoxystrobin 11% + Tebuconazole 18.3% SC) @ 240-400 ml/acre or M 45 (Mancozeb75 % WP) @ 600-800 gm/acre.

Nematodes are like very thin threads. Their body is long cylindrical and the whole body is without segments.

Nematodes, living inside the soil, form a knot in the roots of the crop and damage the crop.

Biological treatment is the best solution to control this pest.

Soil treatment is the best way to control this pest.

As a chemical treatment, treat the soil with Furi (Carbofuran 3% GR) @ 10 kg/acre.

Before sowing the crop, apply Nematofree (Paceilomyces Linnaeus) @ 1 kg/acre mixed with 50-100 kg FYM in an empty field.

Whenever this product is used, keep in mind that it is contemporary in the field.

Powdery and Downy mildew is a fungal disease that highly affects the leaves of chilli crops.

This disease is also known as Bhabhutiya disease.

In Powdery mildew, white powder appears on the upper surface of the leaves of the chilli plant.

In Downy mildew yellow spots appear on the lower surface of the leaves, after some time these spots become large, angular, and turn into a brown powder.

This brown powder deposits as a layer on the leaves making the process of photosynthesis difficult.

To control the disease, spray Novacrust (Azoxystrobin 11% + Tebuconazole 18.3% SC) @ 240-400 ml/acre or Tesunova (Tebuconazole 10% + Sulfur 65% WG) @ 500 g/acre.

As a biological treatment, spray Tricho shield combat(Trichoderma viridi @ 500 g/acre or Monas- curb(Pseudomonas fluorescens)@ 250 g/acre.

We all are aware of how the climate is changing these days.

This shifting pattern of weather makes heavy rainfall in some areas and low rainfall in others, it is in these areas of low rainfall that soybean crop is being affected drastically.

Soybean crops suffer a lot due to drought and high temperatures.

The symptoms of water scarcity are seen in the soybean crop in the form of dullness and plant wilting causing the plant to come under stress which makes the growth of the soybean plant reduced or stunted.

To manage it, apply NovaMaxx (Gibrelic Acid 0.001%) @ 180-200 ml/acre or MaxxRoot (Humic Acid + Potassium + Fulvic Acid) @ 100 g/acre

Infection of brinjal plants with leaf spot disease initially appears on older leaves. These spots are small, chlorotic globular to oval in shape that turn brown to brown on the upper leaf surface and light brown on the lower leaf surface.

As the disease progresses, concentric rings of diseased tissue may develop with sporulation in the center of the spots. Wounds can dry out, causing cracks in the tissue and the development of shot holes.

In this disease, the infection does not spread on the fruits of brinjal, but due to severe infection on the leaves, there can be a huge reduction in yield.

To control the disease use Novaphanate (Thiophanate methyl 75%wp) @ 300 gm/acre + Monas-curb (Pseudomonas fluorescens 1% w.p.) @ 250gm per acre.

Plant late to avoid wet climatic conditions that spread the disease.

Avoid working in fields when foliage is wet.

Avoid overhead irrigation.

Clear the field of weeds and alternative hosts.

Do not compost or leave plant residues near plantations.

Remove infected plants immediately and burn their remains.

Crop rotation with non-susceptible crops is recommended.