Tip of the day – Page 33

Symptoms and control of fruit borer in okra crop

09/03/2025 Thursday March 6th, 2025

This insect has yellow, orange, and brown spots on the body. In the initial stage, these caterpillars grow inside by making holes in the buds, due to which the buds wither and dry up. Later these caterpillars damage buds and flowers. They make a hole and enter inside the fruit and feed on the pulp of the fruit, because of this, the affected fruits are not suitable for eating.

Control:

Collect and destroy the stems and fruits of the damaged plants.
To monitor and control fruit borer, apply 5-10 pheromone traps per hectare.
When symptoms appear, spray Fame (Flubendiamide 39.35% w/w SC) @ 60 – 70 ml per acre in 150 to 200 litres of water.

Know how to save chilli crop from mite attack

07/03/2025 Thursday March 6th, 2025

In this pest, both nymphs and adults suck the sap from the lower surface of young leaves and growing tips of plants. Due to this the leaves curl down and shrink which takes the shape of an inverted boat. The fruits of the infected plant remain small.

Control: As soon as an infestation is seen spray, Omite (Propargite 57 % EC) @ 600 ml/acre or Pager (Diafenthiuron 50 % WP) @ 240 gm/acre or Emanova (Emamectin benzoate 05 % SG) @ 80 gm/acre in 150 -200 litres of water.

How to do weed management in vegetable crop

06/03/2025 Wednesday March 5th, 2025

If weeds are not controlled at the right time in the vegetable crop, it badly affects the yield and quality of vegetables. Weeds not only reduce the yield but also damage the quality of the seeds if mixed with vegetable seeds, which affects their value. In most vegetable crops, it is very important to protect from the outbreak of weeds in the initial stage, because the damage done at this time affects both the growth and production of the crop.

Weed Management:

Use weed-free pure and certified seed/plant while sowing the crop.
Use only fully rotten cow dung and compost manure, otherwise, the maximum amount of weed seeds are likely to come into the field only from this.
Clean the soil attached to agricultural machinery before using it from one field to another.
Keep the nursery site weed-free.
Keep the bunds, water sources and drains around the field weed-free.

Symptoms and control measures of Cercospora leaf spot disease in okra crop

05/03/2025 Wednesday March 5th, 2025

This disease is caused by the fungus Cercospora malaensis. Affected plants develop angular to irregular brown spots on the leaves. In case of severe infection, these spots spread over the entire leaves and the leaves wither, due to which the affected leaves start falling soon.

Control Measures: Blue Copper (Copper Oxychloride 50% WP) @ 1 kg per acre or Indofil Z 78 (Zineb 75% WP) @ 600-800 g per acre + SilicoMaxx Gold @ 50 ml + Novamaxx (Gibberellic Acid 0. 001%) @ 300 ml per acre, mix it in 150 to 200 litres of water and spray.

Identification and control of downy mildew disease in bottle gourd crop

04/03/2025 Tuesday March 4th, 2025

Downy mildew in bottle gourd plants is caused due to irregularity of water and moisture content in the ground. Downy mildew is a serious disease in bottle gourd plants which is caused by the fungus PseudoPeronospora cubensis. This disease can affect plants at any growing stage. Due to this disease, brown and yellow spots appear on the leaves, later it spreads to the veins of the leaves due to which the leaves turn yellow and fall down.

Control: To prevent this disease, avoid giving excess water to the gourd plant. Avoid wetting the leaves when watering the plant. And when symptoms appear, spray Jatayu (Chlorothalonil 75% WP) @ 200 grams per acre or Novaxyl (Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP) @ 800 – 1000 grams per acre mixed with 150 to 200 litres of water.

Appropriate time and precautions for harvesting wheat crop

03/03/2025 Monday March 3rd, 2025

In wheat crops, usually, the leaves start drying up at the time of ripening, sometimes one or two leaves may remain green and the lower part of the ear becomes golden. Also, if the grain is pressed with the thumb, milk does not come out and the grain becomes hard. Apart from this, when 25-30% moisture remains in the grains, then the crop may be harvested.

The crop should be harvested immediately after ripening, because late harvesting may lead to grain shedding in some varieties, also rats and birds can cause damage. Sometimes delay in cutting also affects the quality of wheat grain. If harvesting is not done in time, then the yield can also reduce, Because 5-10% of grains are lost due to shedding, eating by birds and rats and bad weather.

In wheat crops, before harvesting irrigation should be stopped Also it is very important to protect the crop from falling. After harvesting the bundle should be dried in the sun for 4-5 days because if the soil is mixed in with the grains at the time of harvesting the quality of produce will be affected.

Molybdenum element is essential in the crop of green and black gram

02/03/2025 Monday March 3rd, 2025

Molybdenum is essential for the process of symbiotic nitrogen fixation by Rhizobium bacteria in the root nodules of pulses.
Molybdenum is a micronutrient that green gram and black gram crops require in very small amounts.
But its small quantity is also very important for the good growth of the green gram and black gram crop.
Molybdenum plays a very important role in chemical changes in nitrogen in green gram and black gram crops.
It enhances the disease resistance of plants, as well as helps in the synthesis of vitamin C and sugar in plants.
Due to the deficiency of Molybdenum, the crop does not develop properly.
Yellowing occurs on the edges of the leaves, new leaves start drying. In general, the symptoms of molybdenum deficiency are similar to those of nitrogen deficiency.

Burning crop residue is dangerous

01/03/2025 Monday March 3rd, 2025

The micro-organisms and earthworms present in the soil are destroyed by burning crop residues, due to which there is an adverse effect on the fertility of the field and the physical condition of the land and chemical reactions. The land becomes hard, due to which the water holding capacity of the ground also decreases.
Burning of crop residue is fatal, to avoid this, farmers can use the following agricultural machines –
Use a straw reaper with a combined harvester, this helps in harvesting as well as collecting straw.
Reaper cum binder eliminates the crop residue from the root.
Super Seeder and Happy Seeder – After harvesting with this device, if there is moisture, then sowing can also be done.
Sowing can be done even at the crop residues stage with zero tillage seed cum fertilizer drill.

Uses of the biological insecticide Metarhizium anisopliae

28/02/2025 Friday February 28th, 2025

Metarhizium anisopliae is a fungus-based organic insecticide. It is found freely in the soil and it is commonly found as a parasite in insects.

When the spores of Metarhizium anisopliae come in contact with the target insect, they attach to their covering and Spores germinate when there is proper temperature and humidity. Their germinal tubes enter the insect’s body through the respiratory holes (spiracles), sensory organs and other soft parts.

This fungus increases itself by absorbing the physical food substances of the insect by making a fungal trap in the entire body of the insect. Metarhizium anisopliae produces spores even at less than 50% moisture. Because of this it works in all circumstances.

Metarhizium anisopliae is used for the control of beetles, white grubs, termites, caterpillars, semi-loopers, cutworms, mealybugs and aphids.

Method of use:

For soil application, Metarhizium anisopliae at the rate of 1 kg per acre mixed with about 75 kg of farm yard manure and should be used at the time of last ploughing.
For pest control in standing crops spray 1 kg per acre in 400-500 litres of water.

Causes and diagnosis of fruit cracking in tomato crop

27/02/2025 Thursday February 27th, 2025

In tomato crops, fruit cracking is a physical disorder and it usually appears at the time of maturity. In this disorder, the fruits split in two ways, vertical and circular.

Fruit cracking in tomato crops is mainly due to two reasons, the first reason is irregular irrigation in the crop like the land that is dry for a long time and sudden heavy irrigation. And the second reason is the deficiency of a Boron micronutrient in the soil.

Diagnosis of fruit cracking: To avoid this problem, irrigate the crop in a balanced way from time to time. And for the boron nutrient supplements, spray Rich Bor (Boron 20%) @ 1-1.5 gm per litre of water or Rich Boramin-CA (Amino Acid, Boron, Calcium) @ 2-3 ml per litre of water.

Control:

Collect and destroy the stems and fruits of the damaged plants.

To monitor and control fruit borer, apply 5-10 pheromone traps per hectare.

When symptoms appear, spray Fame (Flubendiamide 39.35% w/w SC) @ 60 – 70 ml per acre in 150 to 200 litres of water.

In this pest, both nymphs and adults suck the sap from the lower surface of young leaves and growing tips of plants. Due to this the leaves curl down and shrink which takes the shape of an inverted boat. The fruits of the infected plant remain small.

Control: As soon as an infestation is seen spray, Omite (Propargite 57 % EC) @ 600 ml/acre or Pager (Diafenthiuron 50 % WP) @ 240 gm/acre or Emanova (Emamectin benzoate 05 % SG) @ 80 gm/acre in 150 -200 litres of water.

Weed Management:

Use weed-free pure and certified seed/plant while sowing the crop.

Use only fully rotten cow dung and compost manure, otherwise, the maximum amount of weed seeds are likely to come into the field only from this.

Clean the soil attached to agricultural machinery before using it from one field to another.

Keep the nursery site weed-free.

Keep the bunds, water sources and drains around the field weed-free.

This disease is caused by the fungus Cercospora malaensis. Affected plants develop angular to irregular brown spots on the leaves. In case of severe infection, these spots spread over the entire leaves and the leaves wither, due to which the affected leaves start falling soon.

Control Measures: Blue Copper (Copper Oxychloride 50% WP) @ 1 kg per acre or Indofil Z 78 (Zineb 75% WP) @ 600-800 g per acre + SilicoMaxx Gold @ 50 ml + Novamaxx (Gibberellic Acid 0. 001%) @ 300 ml per acre, mix it in 150 to 200 litres of water and spray.

Molybdenum is essential for the process of symbiotic nitrogen fixation by Rhizobium bacteria in the root nodules of pulses.

Molybdenum is a micronutrient that green gram and black gram crops require in very small amounts.

But its small quantity is also very important for the good growth of the green gram and black gram crop.

Molybdenum plays a very important role in chemical changes in nitrogen in green gram and black gram crops.

It enhances the disease resistance of plants, as well as helps in the synthesis of vitamin C and sugar in plants.

Due to the deficiency of Molybdenum, the crop does not develop properly.

Yellowing occurs on the edges of the leaves, new leaves start drying. In general, the symptoms of molybdenum deficiency are similar to those of nitrogen deficiency.

Burning of crop residue is fatal, to avoid this, farmers can use the following agricultural machines –

Use a straw reaper with a combined harvester, this helps in harvesting as well as collecting straw.

Reaper cum binder eliminates the crop residue from the root.

Super Seeder and Happy Seeder – After harvesting with this device, if there is moisture, then sowing can also be done.

Sowing can be done even at the crop residues stage with zero tillage seed cum fertilizer drill.

Metarhizium anisopliae is a fungus-based organic insecticide. It is found freely in the soil and it is commonly found as a parasite in insects.

This fungus increases itself by absorbing the physical food substances of the insect by making a fungal trap in the entire body of the insect. Metarhizium anisopliae produces spores even at less than 50% moisture. Because of this it works in all circumstances.

Metarhizium anisopliae is used for the control of beetles, white grubs, termites, caterpillars, semi-loopers, cutworms, mealybugs and aphids.

Method of use:

For soil application, Metarhizium anisopliae at the rate of 1 kg per acre mixed with about 75 kg of farm yard manure and should be used at the time of last ploughing.

For pest control in standing crops spray 1 kg per acre in 400-500 litres of water.

In tomato crops, fruit cracking is a physical disorder and it usually appears at the time of maturity. In this disorder, the fruits split in two ways, vertical and circular.

Fruit cracking in tomato crops is mainly due to two reasons, the first reason is irregular irrigation in the crop like the land that is dry for a long time and sudden heavy irrigation. And the second reason is the deficiency of a Boron micronutrient in the soil.

Diagnosis of fruit cracking: To avoid this problem, irrigate the crop in a balanced way from time to time. And for the boron nutrient supplements, spray Rich Bor (Boron 20%) @ 1-1.5 gm per litre of water or Rich Boramin-CA (Amino Acid, Boron, Calcium) @ 2-3 ml per litre of water.