Tip of the day – Gramophone

Organic fertilizer mycorrhiza is important for crops, know its benefits

05/07/2025 Wednesday July 2nd, 2025

Mycorrhiza is an organic fertilizer that maintains a connection between fungi and plant roots. In this type of relationship, the fungus becomes dependent on the root of the plants and becomes an important component of soil life.
The use of mycorrhiza leads to better growth of roots.
Mycorrhiza helps in the availability of phosphorus and other micronutrients from the soil for the plants.
Mycorrhiza increases phosphorus availability in soil by 60–80%.
Mycorrhiza increases the tolerance of the plant to drought by increasing the rate of water absorption by plants. Due to this, it helps to keep the plants green.
Hence, it plays an important role in increasing crop yield.

There are many benefits of Puddling in paddy crop

04/07/2025 Wednesday July 2nd, 2025

Puddling is churning the soil with water. It is done in paddy fields with standing water of 5-10 cm depth after initial ploughing with a Desi plough. It breaks up the clods and churns the soil.

Purpose of puddling

To reduce the leaching of water or decrease the percolation of water,
To kill the weeds by decomposition.
To facilitate transplantation of paddy seedlings by making the soil softer.
To decrease water and nutrient losses by reduced hydraulic conductivity.

Pre-emergence weed control in soybean crop

03/07/2025 Wednesday July 2nd, 2025

Weed control is crucial for achieving a good soybean yield. Weeds, pests, and diseases are some of the main factors that can cause damage to soybean crops, but weeds are the most damaging. The outbreak of weeds can lead to a loss of 20 to 50 percent in soybean crops. It is important to keep soybean crops weed-free for 45 to 50 days after sowing to minimize weed damage.

Weeding in soybean crops should be carried out at regular intervals. The first weeding should be done after 20-25 days, and the second weeding after 40-45 days of planting the crop. For chemical control, it is recommended to spray Penzola 32 (Pendimethalin 30% + Imazethapyr 2%) at a rate of 1 liter per acre mixed with 200 liters of water within 72 hours of sowing.

Note: To achieve better results, it is important to ensure adequate soil moisture when using the weed killer, and it is advisable to use a flat fan nozzle.

Save maize crop from the outbreak of weeds, control it like this

02/07/2025 Wednesday July 2nd, 2025

Due to the outbreak of weeds found in maize, there is a deficiency of nutrients in the crop. Due to growing more weeds, the process of photosynthesis in maize plants is obstructed, due to which the plants do not grow well. Due to excessive weeds, there is an outbreak of pests and diseases. As far as possible, prevent weeds by weeding, this will not only kill weeds but will also help the plants grow well.

For chemical control, apply Astrazu (Atrazine 50% WP) 300-400 g/acre immediately after sowing or 20- to 30 days after sowing, spray Travor (Tembotrione 42% SC) 115 ml/acre in 200 litres of water.

Benefits of seed treatment with fungicide, insecticide and rhizobium in soybean

01/07/2025 Wednesday July 2nd, 2025

Seed treatment with fungicide protects the soybean crop from wilt and root rot. Seed treatment with insecticide protects the soybean crop from soil pests like white grub, ants, termites etc. Germination of seeds takes place correctly, and the germination percentage increases. Seed treatment with Rhizobium enhances root nodulation and more nitrogen fixation in the soybean crop.

FIR method of soybean seed treatment: –

First of all, spread the required amount of seed according to the area on the tarpaulin/plastic sheet.
Then give a light spray of water over the seed and after that, treat the seed with fungicide Carmanova (Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% WP) 2.5 g/kg of seed and dry in a shady place for 10 minutes.
After treating with fungicide, as an insecticide, treat the seed with Thianova Super (Thiamethoxam 25% WG) 5 ml/kg of seed.
Finally, after treating the seed with Jaiv Vatika (Rhizobium culture) 5 gm/kg of seed, sow the seed in the field.

How to prepare the field for soybean sowing

30/06/2025 Wednesday June 11th, 2025

The preparation of the field should be started by deep ploughing, after that 2-3 ploughing should be done with the help of a harrow or soil-turning plough so that the water-holding capacity of the soil will increase and seed germination can also be good.

In the months of May-June, the sunlight falls directly on the ground and there is high temperature, due to deep ploughing, along with the elimination of weeds, their seeds, harmful insects, their eggs and pupae present in the soil, the fungal diseases present in the soil are also eliminated.

Prepared by Gramophone, “Soya Samriddhi Kit” with a total quantity of 8 kg/acre, in well rotten farmyard manure, mixing it well before sowing, broadcast evenly in one acre of field, by the use of a leveller makes the field level. It is mandatory to have sufficient moisture in the soil while using this kit.

Symptoms and Management of Root Knot in Cotton

29/06/2025 Wednesday June 11th, 2025

The main symptom of this nematode is the formation of knots on the roots, small knots are formed on the roots of the diseased plant, due to which nutrients and water do not reach the plant smoothly, due to which the growth of the plant stops. As a result the plant dries up and the yield decreases.

Control:

In summer, after light irrigation of the field, do 2-3 deep ploughing at an interval of 10-12 days. Due to this, the nematodes come to the upper surface and are destroyed by high temperature.
To control it, apply Nematofree Plus (Verticillium Chlamydosporium) 2-4 kg/acre at the time of field preparation and sowing.

Measures to prevent Root rot disease in cotton

28/06/2025 Wednesday June 11th, 2025

Root rot disease is one of the few fatal diseases in the cotton crop. Plants affected by this disease suddenly start drying up. The colour of the leaves turns yellow. Affected plants can be uprooted easily. The roots of the plants start rotting and turn brown and black.

Prevention: Destroy the plants affected by the disease. To save the crop from this disease, adopt crop rotation, and select varieties resistant to root rot disease. Seed treatment before sowing is very important.

For biological control, Combat (Trichoderma viride) at 8 gm/kg seed

or

Treat with Vitavax Power (Carboxin 37.5% + Thiram 37.5% WS) 3 gm/kg seed.

Importance of zinc solubilizing bacteria in the soil

27/06/2025 Wednesday June 11th, 2025

Zinc is an essential micronutrient required for plant growth. But it remains in the soil in an unavailable form which plants cannot use easily. This microelement is helpful in the control of ‘Khaira disease’ in paddy.
Mixing zinc-soluble bacteria in the soil has many benefits such as improving fertilizer use efficiency, crop yield, crop quality, improving soil health and increasing hormonal activity.
Zinc solubilizing bacteria produce organic acids in the soil, which convert the zinc element lying in the unavailable state into the available form for plants, besides this, they maintain the balance of soil pH.
At the time of last ploughing or sowing, apply “Zinc solubilizing bacteria” mixed with 2-4 kg of well-rotted farmyard manure per acre.

The problem and solution of yellowing in paddy nursery

26/06/2025 Wednesday June 11th, 2025

Generally, there are many reasons for yellowing in Paddy Nursery, such as lack of water, high temperature, deficiency of nutrients, pests and diseases, etc. Due to these reasons, the problem of yellowing is seen in Paddy Nursery. For better growth, spray water-soluble fertilizer NPK 19:19:19 at the rate of 75 grams per pump. or spray Talwar Zinc Super-14 (Chelated Zinc 12%) at the rate of 1 gram per litre of water.

For replenishment of micronutrients, spray (Tri-Dissolve Paddy Maxx) 20 gm/pump and for sucking insect and fungal diseases, Thianova-25 (Thiamethoxam 25% WG) 10 gm/pump and mixed with Carmanova (Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% WP) 25 gm/pump.

Mycorrhiza is an organic fertilizer that maintains a connection between fungi and plant roots. In this type of relationship, the fungus becomes dependent on the root of the plants and becomes an important component of soil life.

The use of mycorrhiza leads to better growth of roots.

Mycorrhiza helps in the availability of phosphorus and other micronutrients from the soil for the plants.

Mycorrhiza increases phosphorus availability in soil by 60–80%.

Mycorrhiza increases the tolerance of the plant to drought by increasing the rate of water absorption by plants. Due to this, it helps to keep the plants green.

Hence, it plays an important role in increasing crop yield.

Puddling is churning the soil with water. It is done in paddy fields with standing water of 5-10 cm depth after initial ploughing with a Desi plough. It breaks up the clods and churns the soil.

Purpose of puddling

To reduce the leaching of water or decrease the percolation of water,

To kill the weeds by decomposition.

To facilitate transplantation of paddy seedlings by making the soil softer.

To decrease water and nutrient losses by reduced hydraulic conductivity.

Note: To achieve better results, it is important to ensure adequate soil moisture when using the weed killer, and it is advisable to use a flat fan nozzle.

For chemical control, apply Astrazu (Atrazine 50% WP) 300-400 g/acre immediately after sowing or 20- to 30 days after sowing, spray Travor (Tembotrione 42% SC) 115 ml/acre in 200 litres of water.

FIR method of soybean seed treatment: –

First of all, spread the required amount of seed according to the area on the tarpaulin/plastic sheet.

Then give a light spray of water over the seed and after that, treat the seed with fungicide Carmanova (Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% WP) 2.5 g/kg of seed and dry in a shady place for 10 minutes.

After treating with fungicide, as an insecticide, treat the seed with Thianova Super (Thiamethoxam 25% WG) 5 ml/kg of seed.

Finally, after treating the seed with Jaiv Vatika (Rhizobium culture) 5 gm/kg of seed, sow the seed in the field.

The preparation of the field should be started by deep ploughing, after that 2-3 ploughing should be done with the help of a harrow or soil-turning plough so that the water-holding capacity of the soil will increase and seed germination can also be good.

In the months of May-June, the sunlight falls directly on the ground and there is high temperature, due to deep ploughing, along with the elimination of weeds, their seeds, harmful insects, their eggs and pupae present in the soil, the fungal diseases present in the soil are also eliminated.

The main symptom of this nematode is the formation of knots on the roots, small knots are formed on the roots of the diseased plant, due to which nutrients and water do not reach the plant smoothly, due to which the growth of the plant stops. As a result the plant dries up and the yield decreases.

Control:

In summer, after light irrigation of the field, do 2-3 deep ploughing at an interval of 10-12 days. Due to this, the nematodes come to the upper surface and are destroyed by high temperature.

To control it, apply Nematofree Plus (Verticillium Chlamydosporium) 2-4 kg/acre at the time of field preparation and sowing.

Root rot disease is one of the few fatal diseases in the cotton crop. Plants affected by this disease suddenly start drying up. The colour of the leaves turns yellow. Affected plants can be uprooted easily. The roots of the plants start rotting and turn brown and black.

Prevention: Destroy the plants affected by the disease. To save the crop from this disease, adopt crop rotation, and select varieties resistant to root rot disease. Seed treatment before sowing is very important.

For biological control, Combat (Trichoderma viride) at 8 gm/kg seed

or

Treat with Vitavax Power (Carboxin 37.5% + Thiram 37.5% WS) 3 gm/kg seed.

Zinc is an essential micronutrient required for plant growth. But it remains in the soil in an unavailable form which plants cannot use easily. This microelement is helpful in the control of ‘Khaira disease’ in paddy.

Mixing zinc-soluble bacteria in the soil has many benefits such as improving fertilizer use efficiency, crop yield, crop quality, improving soil health and increasing hormonal activity.

Zinc solubilizing bacteria produce organic acids in the soil, which convert the zinc element lying in the unavailable state into the available form for plants, besides this, they maintain the balance of soil pH.

At the time of last ploughing or sowing, apply “Zinc solubilizing bacteria” mixed with 2-4 kg of well-rotted farmyard manure per acre.

For replenishment of micronutrients, spray (Tri-Dissolve Paddy Maxx) 20 gm/pump and for sucking insect and fungal diseases, Thianova-25 (Thiamethoxam 25% WG) 10 gm/pump and mixed with Carmanova (Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% WP) 25 gm/pump.