Gram Salah – Gramophone

Management Of Whitefly In Cotton

09/07/2025 Wednesday July 2nd, 2025

Eradicate weeds growing on field bunds, wastelands, roadside and irrigation channels/canals to avoid further spread of whitefly to cotton fields.
White fly attacks also occur in vegetables like brinjal, cucumber, tomato, okra etc, so do not grow these crops in cotton. Regular surveillance on these alternate host crops from February onwards and on cotton, moong from April onwards should be carried out for timely management of whitefly on these crops.
Avoid excessive use of nitrogenous fertilizer because it increases the attack of sucking insects.
Make sure to install 40 yellow sticky traps per acre in the cotton fields, which helps in controlling the whitefly infestation.
Give one to two sprays of Novaceta (Acetamiprid 20% SP) @ 40 gm per acre or Novafen (Pyriproxyfen 5% + Diafenthiuron 25% SE) @ 400-500 ml per acre.

Why Sulphur is an important nutrient in oilseed crops!

08/07/2025 Wednesday July 2nd, 2025

Sulphur plays an important role in the formation of plant proteins, amino acids, some vitamins and enzymes, photosynthesis, energy metabolism, carbohydrate production, and synthesis of protein. Sulphur is an integral part of amino acids such as cystine, cysteine and methionine which are essential components of protein. The plants fed with sufficient sulphur in turn increase the yield and oil content of the seeds.

What are the deficiency Symptoms of Sulphur in oilseed crops?

The main symptom of sulphur nutrient deficiency is the yellowing of younger leaves may be due to low chlorophyll production. Eventually, plant growth will be reduced.

How to Overcome Sulphur Deficiency?

The Sulphur requirements of oilseeds can be overcome by supplying Sulphur containing fertilizers. Sulphur nutrients may be supplemented to plants in soil applications such as basal, top dressing, fertigation and also by foliar application.

Use of fertilizers through fertigation method will provide many benefits to the crops

07/07/2025 Wednesday July 2nd, 2025

Fertigation is a method of fertilizer application in which fertilizer is incorporated within the irrigation water by the drip system. In this system fertilizer solution is distributed evenly in irrigation. The availability of nutrients is very high therefore the efficiency is more. In this method, liquid fertilizer as well as water-soluble fertilizers are used. By this method, fertilizer use efficiency is increased from 80 to 90 per cent.

Advantages of fertigation

Nutrients and water are supplied near the active root zone through fertigation which results in greater absorption by the crops.
As water and fertilizer are supplied evenly to all the crops through fertigation there is the possibility of getting a 25-50 per cent higher yield.
Fertilizer use efficiency through fertigation ranges between 80-90 per cent, which helps to save a minimum of 25 per cent of nutrients.
In this way, along with less amount of water and saving of fertilizer, time, labour and energy use is also reduced substantially.

Soil erosion causes damage to the soil of the farm

06/07/2025 Wednesday July 2nd, 2025

When soil is eroded due to any reason, it is called soil erosion. Soil erosion is a natural process. Geological activities (such as water currents or melting snow), climate actions (such as rain or strong winds) or human activity (such as agriculture, deforestation, and urban expansion) are all factors in soil erosion.

How to avoid soil erosion?

Tree Plantation – Planting trees helps in the maintenance of the ecosystem and soil, and can also prevent soil erosion.
Construction of drainage channels- In areas where the absorption capacity of the soil is low, drains and other methods can be adopted to prevent floods, by which we can prevent soil erosion.
Sustainable use of land – This can help reduce the impacts of agriculture and livestock, and prevent soil erosion due to nutrient loss.

Organic fertilizer mycorrhiza is important for crops, know its benefits

05/07/2025 Wednesday July 2nd, 2025

Mycorrhiza is an organic fertilizer that maintains a connection between fungi and plant roots. In this type of relationship, the fungus becomes dependent on the root of the plants and becomes an important component of soil life.
The use of mycorrhiza leads to better growth of roots.
Mycorrhiza helps in the availability of phosphorus and other micronutrients from the soil for the plants.
Mycorrhiza increases phosphorus availability in soil by 60–80%.
Mycorrhiza increases the tolerance of the plant to drought by increasing the rate of water absorption by plants. Due to this, it helps to keep the plants green.
Hence, it plays an important role in increasing crop yield.

There are many benefits of Puddling in paddy crop

04/07/2025 Wednesday July 2nd, 2025

Puddling is churning the soil with water. It is done in paddy fields with standing water of 5-10 cm depth after initial ploughing with a Desi plough. It breaks up the clods and churns the soil.

Purpose of puddling

To reduce the leaching of water or decrease the percolation of water,
To kill the weeds by decomposition.
To facilitate transplantation of paddy seedlings by making the soil softer.
To decrease water and nutrient losses by reduced hydraulic conductivity.

Pre-emergence weed control in soybean crop

03/07/2025 Wednesday July 2nd, 2025

Weed control is crucial for achieving a good soybean yield. Weeds, pests, and diseases are some of the main factors that can cause damage to soybean crops, but weeds are the most damaging. The outbreak of weeds can lead to a loss of 20 to 50 percent in soybean crops. It is important to keep soybean crops weed-free for 45 to 50 days after sowing to minimize weed damage.

Weeding in soybean crops should be carried out at regular intervals. The first weeding should be done after 20-25 days, and the second weeding after 40-45 days of planting the crop. For chemical control, it is recommended to spray Penzola 32 (Pendimethalin 30% + Imazethapyr 2%) at a rate of 1 liter per acre mixed with 200 liters of water within 72 hours of sowing.

Note: To achieve better results, it is important to ensure adequate soil moisture when using the weed killer, and it is advisable to use a flat fan nozzle.

Save maize crop from the outbreak of weeds, control it like this

02/07/2025 Wednesday July 2nd, 2025

Due to the outbreak of weeds found in maize, there is a deficiency of nutrients in the crop. Due to growing more weeds, the process of photosynthesis in maize plants is obstructed, due to which the plants do not grow well. Due to excessive weeds, there is an outbreak of pests and diseases. As far as possible, prevent weeds by weeding, this will not only kill weeds but will also help the plants grow well.

For chemical control, apply Astrazu (Atrazine 50% WP) 300-400 g/acre immediately after sowing or 20- to 30 days after sowing, spray Travor (Tembotrione 42% SC) 115 ml/acre in 200 litres of water.

Benefits of seed treatment with fungicide, insecticide and rhizobium in soybean

01/07/2025 Wednesday July 2nd, 2025

Seed treatment with fungicide protects the soybean crop from wilt and root rot. Seed treatment with insecticide protects the soybean crop from soil pests like white grub, ants, termites etc. Germination of seeds takes place correctly, and the germination percentage increases. Seed treatment with Rhizobium enhances root nodulation and more nitrogen fixation in the soybean crop.

FIR method of soybean seed treatment: –

First of all, spread the required amount of seed according to the area on the tarpaulin/plastic sheet.
Then give a light spray of water over the seed and after that, treat the seed with fungicide Carmanova (Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% WP) 2.5 g/kg of seed and dry in a shady place for 10 minutes.
After treating with fungicide, as an insecticide, treat the seed with Thianova Super (Thiamethoxam 25% WG) 5 ml/kg of seed.
Finally, after treating the seed with Jaiv Vatika (Rhizobium culture) 5 gm/kg of seed, sow the seed in the field.

How to prepare the field for soybean sowing

30/06/2025 Wednesday June 11th, 2025

The preparation of the field should be started by deep ploughing, after that 2-3 ploughing should be done with the help of a harrow or soil-turning plough so that the water-holding capacity of the soil will increase and seed germination can also be good.

In the months of May-June, the sunlight falls directly on the ground and there is high temperature, due to deep ploughing, along with the elimination of weeds, their seeds, harmful insects, their eggs and pupae present in the soil, the fungal diseases present in the soil are also eliminated.

Prepared by Gramophone, “Soya Samriddhi Kit” with a total quantity of 8 kg/acre, in well rotten farmyard manure, mixing it well before sowing, broadcast evenly in one acre of field, by the use of a leveller makes the field level. It is mandatory to have sufficient moisture in the soil while using this kit.

Eradicate weeds growing on field bunds, wastelands, roadside and irrigation channels/canals to avoid further spread of whitefly to cotton fields.

Avoid excessive use of nitrogenous fertilizer because it increases the attack of sucking insects.

Make sure to install 40 yellow sticky traps per acre in the cotton fields, which helps in controlling the whitefly infestation.

Give one to two sprays of Novaceta (Acetamiprid 20% SP) @ 40 gm per acre or Novafen (Pyriproxyfen 5% + Diafenthiuron 25% SE) @ 400-500 ml per acre.

What are the deficiency Symptoms of Sulphur in oilseed crops?

The main symptom of sulphur nutrient deficiency is the yellowing of younger leaves may be due to low chlorophyll production. Eventually, plant growth will be reduced.

How to Overcome Sulphur Deficiency?

The Sulphur requirements of oilseeds can be overcome by supplying Sulphur containing fertilizers. Sulphur nutrients may be supplemented to plants in soil applications such as basal, top dressing, fertigation and also by foliar application.

Advantages of fertigation

Nutrients and water are supplied near the active root zone through fertigation which results in greater absorption by the crops.

As water and fertilizer are supplied evenly to all the crops through fertigation there is the possibility of getting a 25-50 per cent higher yield.

Fertilizer use efficiency through fertigation ranges between 80-90 per cent, which helps to save a minimum of 25 per cent of nutrients.

In this way, along with less amount of water and saving of fertilizer, time, labour and energy use is also reduced substantially.

How to avoid soil erosion?

Tree Plantation – Planting trees helps in the maintenance of the ecosystem and soil, and can also prevent soil erosion.

Construction of drainage channels- In areas where the absorption capacity of the soil is low, drains and other methods can be adopted to prevent floods, by which we can prevent soil erosion.

Sustainable use of land – This can help reduce the impacts of agriculture and livestock, and prevent soil erosion due to nutrient loss.

Mycorrhiza is an organic fertilizer that maintains a connection between fungi and plant roots. In this type of relationship, the fungus becomes dependent on the root of the plants and becomes an important component of soil life.

The use of mycorrhiza leads to better growth of roots.

Mycorrhiza helps in the availability of phosphorus and other micronutrients from the soil for the plants.

Mycorrhiza increases phosphorus availability in soil by 60–80%.

Mycorrhiza increases the tolerance of the plant to drought by increasing the rate of water absorption by plants. Due to this, it helps to keep the plants green.

Hence, it plays an important role in increasing crop yield.

Puddling is churning the soil with water. It is done in paddy fields with standing water of 5-10 cm depth after initial ploughing with a Desi plough. It breaks up the clods and churns the soil.

Purpose of puddling

To reduce the leaching of water or decrease the percolation of water,

To kill the weeds by decomposition.

To facilitate transplantation of paddy seedlings by making the soil softer.

To decrease water and nutrient losses by reduced hydraulic conductivity.

Note: To achieve better results, it is important to ensure adequate soil moisture when using the weed killer, and it is advisable to use a flat fan nozzle.

For chemical control, apply Astrazu (Atrazine 50% WP) 300-400 g/acre immediately after sowing or 20- to 30 days after sowing, spray Travor (Tembotrione 42% SC) 115 ml/acre in 200 litres of water.

FIR method of soybean seed treatment: –

First of all, spread the required amount of seed according to the area on the tarpaulin/plastic sheet.

Then give a light spray of water over the seed and after that, treat the seed with fungicide Carmanova (Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% WP) 2.5 g/kg of seed and dry in a shady place for 10 minutes.

After treating with fungicide, as an insecticide, treat the seed with Thianova Super (Thiamethoxam 25% WG) 5 ml/kg of seed.

Finally, after treating the seed with Jaiv Vatika (Rhizobium culture) 5 gm/kg of seed, sow the seed in the field.

The preparation of the field should be started by deep ploughing, after that 2-3 ploughing should be done with the help of a harrow or soil-turning plough so that the water-holding capacity of the soil will increase and seed germination can also be good.

In the months of May-June, the sunlight falls directly on the ground and there is high temperature, due to deep ploughing, along with the elimination of weeds, their seeds, harmful insects, their eggs and pupae present in the soil, the fungal diseases present in the soil are also eliminated.