Gram Salah – Gramophone

Leaf spot disease will cause severe infection in brinjal leaves, learn preventive measures

23/08/2025 Friday August 8th, 2025

Infection of brinjal plants with leaf spot disease initially appears on older leaves. These spots are small, chlorotic globular to oval in shape that turn brown to brown on the upper leaf surface and light brown on the lower leaf surface.
As the disease progresses, concentric rings of diseased tissue may develop with sporulation in the center of the spots. Wounds can dry out, causing cracks in the tissue and the development of shot holes.
In this disease, the infection does not spread on the fruits of brinjal, but due to severe infection on the leaves, there can be a huge reduction in yield.
To control the disease use Novaphanate (Thiophanate methyl 75%wp) @ 300 gm/acre + Monas-curb (Pseudomonas fluorescens 1% w.p.) @ 250gm per acre.

Identify the symptoms of Holcus Leaf Spot disease in maize and adopt preventive measures

22/08/2025 Friday August 8th, 2025

The bacterium Pseudomonas syringae causes round, white to light tan spots on leaves. Spots typically have a brown border. This disease often appears after a rainstorm when warm (75-85°F is favourable). During storms, splashing water disperses the pathogen and wounds that occur (such as by blowing soil) enable the pathogen to enter the leaf.
and may merge into necrotic cystic striae, eventually drying up and leading to papery eyelids. 2 Holcus leaf spot can also be seen in eyespot as a fungal disease, which also has circular spots with a brown border and yellow halo.

Preventive Measures

Plant late to avoid wet climatic conditions that spread the disease.
Avoid working in fields when foliage is wet.
Avoid overhead irrigation.
Clear the field of weeds and alternative hosts.
Do not compost or leave plant residues near plantations.
Remove infected plants immediately and burn their remains.
Crop rotation with non-susceptible crops is recommended.

There will be an outbreak of Mealybug in cotton, prepare for rescue

21/08/2025 Friday August 8th, 2025

Mealybug-infested plants show symptoms of leaf curl, bushy shoots, and wrinkled or curled and tufted leaves during the vegetative growth phase of the cotton crop. Due to this the plants start drying up and become dwarf and dry.
Adult and juvenile mealybugs bore into both soft and hard plant tissue and suck the sap. It can occur at all stages of cotton crop development.
Although damage is often minor, damage can be worse in areas where the crop is under stress (eg areas with poor drainage).
Heavy infections that start quickly and persist tend to secrete a sticky substance. Because of this, they act as carriers of many diseases.
For its chemical treatment, use Novalaxam (Thiamethoxam 12.6% + Lambda Cyhalothrin 9.5% ZC) @ 50ml + Bave Curb (Beauveria bassiana) @ 250 gm/acre.

Outbreak of Fall Armyworm in Maize will be fatal, learn preventive measures

20/08/2025 Friday August 8th, 2025

This insect invades all stages of the maize crop. Normally, it attacks the leaves of maize, but in case of more outbreaks, it also damages the corn. Larvae attack the upper part of the maize plant or the soft leaves, small holes are seen on the leaves of the affected plant.

How to Identify Fall Armyworms?

They are green, pink, brown, or black in colour.
Between their eyes, a white colour pattern like the letter Y inverted English is made.
They have trapezoid pattern spots on each segment of their body.

Control

ProfeNova Super (Profenofos 40 % + Cypermethrin 04 % EC)@ 400 ml/Acre,
Emanova (Emamectin Benzoate 5 % Sg) @ 100gm/acre, Cover (Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 % W/W Sc) @60 ml/Acre + Bave Curb (Beauveria bassiana) @ 250 gm/acre.

Bacterial leaf spot will cause heavy damage in tomatoes, do quick treatment

19/08/2025 Friday August 8th, 2025

Moist weather and heavy rains are favourable for the development of the disease. Most outbreaks of this disease can be traced to heavy rains in the region.
Small, brown, water-soaked, circular spots surrounded by a yellow halo appear on infected leaves.
Leaf infection on older plants occurs mostly on older leaves and can cause severe defoliation.
Most of the symptoms appear on green fruits. First appear as small, water-soaked spots that later become larger.
The centres of these lesions become irregular, light brown and slightly sunken with a rough, scaly surface.
Ripe fruits are not susceptible to this disease. The surface of the seed becomes contaminated with bacteria if it remains on the surface of the seed for some time.
To protect the crop from this disease, use Monas-curb (Pseudomonas fluorescens 1% WP) @ 250 gm/acre.

Nutriful Maxx is the most important tonic for the flowering stage of crops

18/08/2025 Friday August 8th, 2025

Increase the speed of flower and fruit growth in crops with Nutriful Maxx

It is a plant superfood that promotes crop growth.
It is indigenously extracted from base organic acids imported from America.
Due to this, the plants in the crop become healthy and strong.
With the help of this, flower formation in crops is accelerated, due to which better fruits are formed.
This increases the transport of nutrients from the root to the shoot system.
This product protects plants against drought and frost etc.
The quantity to be used of this product is 250 ml per acre for spraying.
You can use it in cotton, paddy, pulse crops and all vegetable crops.

Outbreak of False wireworm is increasing in soybean, take preventive measures soon

18/08/2025 Friday August 8th, 2025

Larvae of Gonocephalum are attracted to germinating seeds. The larvae damage the seeds and the developing roots and shoots. Larvae scrape away at least part of the seed coat and feed on the kernel and cotyledons.
Adult Gonocephalum destroys emerging seedlings by feeding on the cotyledon leaves, on the growing tip, or by ‘ring barking’ the stem at ground level.
Adult Gonocephalum are active on the soil surface and tend to damage dicotyledonous crops more severely than monocots.
This insect eats newly developed seeds in soybean pods and cuts the pods.
To control this pest, spray LamaNova (Lambda-cyhalothrin 04.90% CS) @ 200-250 ml/acre or Tracer Spinosad 45% SC @ 75 ml/acre.

Brown plant hopper will cause heavy loss in paddy crop

17/08/2025 Friday August 8th, 2025

The adults of the brown plant hopper actually lay crescent-shaped eggs near the main veins of the leaves.
The nymph and adult of this insect are brown to white in colour and live near the base of the stem of the plant and from there, the plant gets damaged.
The damage done by plant hoppers is visible in the plant as yellowing.
Symptoms of hopper burn are seen when the population is high, in this situation 100 percent loss occurs from the crop.
For control of brown plant hopper in paddy, use Novaceta (Acetamiprid 20% SP) @ 40 gm/acre or Fipnova (Fipronil 5% SC) @ 400-600 ml/acre.

Increase flower and fruit growth in chilli crop like this

16/08/2025 Friday August 8th, 2025

The flowering stage is the most important for any crop.
Flower drop is a common problem in chilli.
Flowering plays a vital role in the production of chilli.
We can get good flowering and save flower drop as well as takes high yield through given products.
Spray Double Homobrassinolide 0.04% w/w 100-120 ml/acre. or Hoshi 250 gm/acre
Nutriful Maxx @ 250 ml/acre.
Pro AminoMaxx @ 250 gm/acre.

How to manage fruit fly outbreak in bitter gourd

15/08/2025 Friday August 8th, 2025

The maggot burrow into the fruits and suck the sap.
Infested fruits decay and drop.
The fly mainly prefers tender fruits for egg laying.
Ovipositional punctures caused by adults also cause injury to fruits and fruit juices ooze out.
This also results in distorted and malformed.
The maggots feed on the pulp of fruits as well as on the immature seeds and cause premature dropping of fruits.

Management of fruit fly in bitter gourd
Collect and destroy infested fruits.
To prevent egg laying, fly traps(pheromone traps) can be set up in the field with 1% Methyl Eugenol or Citronella oil or Vinegar or Dextrose or Acetic acid or Lactic acid.
Cover developing fruits with paper or polythene cover immediately after anthesis pollination.
Maize plants grown in rows at a distance of 8-10 cm in the field are effective as flies rest on such tall plants.
Deep ploughing to expose hibernating stages.
Flubendiamide 8.33 % + Deltamethrin 5.56 % w/w SC @ 100-125 ml/acre.

Infection of brinjal plants with leaf spot disease initially appears on older leaves. These spots are small, chlorotic globular to oval in shape that turn brown to brown on the upper leaf surface and light brown on the lower leaf surface.

As the disease progresses, concentric rings of diseased tissue may develop with sporulation in the center of the spots. Wounds can dry out, causing cracks in the tissue and the development of shot holes.

In this disease, the infection does not spread on the fruits of brinjal, but due to severe infection on the leaves, there can be a huge reduction in yield.

To control the disease use Novaphanate (Thiophanate methyl 75%wp) @ 300 gm/acre + Monas-curb (Pseudomonas fluorescens 1% w.p.) @ 250gm per acre.

Plant late to avoid wet climatic conditions that spread the disease.

Avoid working in fields when foliage is wet.

Avoid overhead irrigation.

Clear the field of weeds and alternative hosts.

Do not compost or leave plant residues near plantations.

Remove infected plants immediately and burn their remains.

Crop rotation with non-susceptible crops is recommended.

Mealybug-infested plants show symptoms of leaf curl, bushy shoots, and wrinkled or curled and tufted leaves during the vegetative growth phase of the cotton crop. Due to this the plants start drying up and become dwarf and dry.

Adult and juvenile mealybugs bore into both soft and hard plant tissue and suck the sap. It can occur at all stages of cotton crop development.

Although damage is often minor, damage can be worse in areas where the crop is under stress (eg areas with poor drainage).

Heavy infections that start quickly and persist tend to secrete a sticky substance. Because of this, they act as carriers of many diseases.

For its chemical treatment, use Novalaxam (Thiamethoxam 12.6% + Lambda Cyhalothrin 9.5% ZC) @ 50ml + Bave Curb (Beauveria bassiana) @ 250 gm/acre.

This insect invades all stages of the maize crop. Normally, it attacks the leaves of maize, but in case of more outbreaks, it also damages the corn. Larvae attack the upper part of the maize plant or the soft leaves, small holes are seen on the leaves of the affected plant.

How to Identify Fall Armyworms?

They are green, pink, brown, or black in colour.

Between their eyes, a white colour pattern like the letter Y inverted English is made.

They have trapezoid pattern spots on each segment of their body.

Control

ProfeNova Super (Profenofos 40 % + Cypermethrin 04 % EC)@ 400 ml/Acre,

Emanova (Emamectin Benzoate 5 % Sg) @ 100gm/acre, Cover (Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 % W/W Sc) @60 ml/Acre + Bave Curb (Beauveria bassiana) @ 250 gm/acre.

Moist weather and heavy rains are favourable for the development of the disease. Most outbreaks of this disease can be traced to heavy rains in the region.

Small, brown, water-soaked, circular spots surrounded by a yellow halo appear on infected leaves.

Leaf infection on older plants occurs mostly on older leaves and can cause severe defoliation.

Most of the symptoms appear on green fruits. First appear as small, water-soaked spots that later become larger.

The centres of these lesions become irregular, light brown and slightly sunken with a rough, scaly surface.

Ripe fruits are not susceptible to this disease. The surface of the seed becomes contaminated with bacteria if it remains on the surface of the seed for some time.

To protect the crop from this disease, use Monas-curb (Pseudomonas fluorescens 1% WP) @ 250 gm/acre.

It is a plant superfood that promotes crop growth.

It is indigenously extracted from base organic acids imported from America.

Due to this, the plants in the crop become healthy and strong.

With the help of this, flower formation in crops is accelerated, due to which better fruits are formed.

This increases the transport of nutrients from the root to the shoot system.

This product protects plants against drought and frost etc.

The quantity to be used of this product is 250 ml per acre for spraying.

You can use it in cotton, paddy, pulse crops and all vegetable crops.

Larvae of Gonocephalum are attracted to germinating seeds. The larvae damage the seeds and the developing roots and shoots. Larvae scrape away at least part of the seed coat and feed on the kernel and cotyledons.

Adult Gonocephalum destroys emerging seedlings by feeding on the cotyledon leaves, on the growing tip, or by ‘ring barking’ the stem at ground level.

Adult Gonocephalum are active on the soil surface and tend to damage dicotyledonous crops more severely than monocots.

This insect eats newly developed seeds in soybean pods and cuts the pods.

To control this pest, spray LamaNova (Lambda-cyhalothrin 04.90% CS) @ 200-250 ml/acre or Tracer Spinosad 45% SC @ 75 ml/acre.

The adults of the brown plant hopper actually lay crescent-shaped eggs near the main veins of the leaves.

The nymph and adult of this insect are brown to white in colour and live near the base of the stem of the plant and from there, the plant gets damaged.

The damage done by plant hoppers is visible in the plant as yellowing.

Symptoms of hopper burn are seen when the population is high, in this situation 100 percent loss occurs from the crop.

For control of brown plant hopper in paddy, use Novaceta (Acetamiprid 20% SP) @ 40 gm/acre or Fipnova (Fipronil 5% SC) @ 400-600 ml/acre.

The flowering stage is the most important for any crop.

Flower drop is a common problem in chilli.

Flowering plays a vital role in the production of chilli.

We can get good flowering and save flower drop as well as takes high yield through given products.

Spray Double Homobrassinolide 0.04% w/w 100-120 ml/acre. or Hoshi 250 gm/acre

Nutriful Maxx @ 250 ml/acre.

Pro AminoMaxx @ 250 gm/acre.

The maggot burrow into the fruits and suck the sap.

Infested fruits decay and drop.

The fly mainly prefers tender fruits for egg laying.

Ovipositional punctures caused by adults also cause injury to fruits and fruit juices ooze out.

This also results in distorted and malformed.

The maggots feed on the pulp of fruits as well as on the immature seeds and cause premature dropping of fruits.

Management of fruit fly in bitter gourd

Collect and destroy infested fruits.

To prevent egg laying, fly traps(pheromone traps) can be set up in the field with 1% Methyl Eugenol or Citronella oil or Vinegar or Dextrose or Acetic acid or Lactic acid.

Cover developing fruits with paper or polythene cover immediately after anthesis pollination.

Maize plants grown in rows at a distance of 8-10 cm in the field are effective as flies rest on such tall plants.

Deep ploughing to expose hibernating stages.

Flubendiamide 8.33 % + Deltamethrin 5.56 % w/w SC @ 100-125 ml/acre.