Control of Blight in Maize

21/01/2019Posted on

Corn leaf blight is a fungal disease of maize caused by the plant pathogen Bipolaris maydis. Initially small, water-soaked spots appear on leaves, then elliptical brown areas develop until nearly as wide as the leaf. In the final stages, lesions are straw-coloured to grey, coalescing and killing large parts of the leaves.

Control:-

  • Crop rotation to reduce previous corn residues and disease inoculum.
  • Tillage to help break down crop debris and reduce inoculum load.
  • Avoid repeated use of fungicides with the same active ingredient.
  • Spray Mancozeb 75% WP 400 gm/acre or Metalaxyl 35% WS 150 gm/acre.

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Management of Black Rust disease in Wheat

14/01/2019Posted on
  • Pustules can be seen after 10-20 days of infection.
  • In addition to wheat it can also attack barley, rye and triticale.
  • Black rust produces reddish-brown spore masses in oval, elongated or spindle-shaped pustules on the stems and leaves.
  • Unlike leaf rust, pustules erupt through both sides of the leaves.
  • Ruptured pustules release masses of stem rust spores.
  • Black rust develops at higher temperatures than the other wheat rusts within a range of 18-30°C.

Management-

  • Destroy volunteer wheat plants. Crop rotation is very important.
  • Growing resistant varieties is an economical and environmentally friendly way of disease reduction.
  • During the growing season, active crop monitoring is very important for an early detection of diseases.
  • Avoid repeated use of fungicides with the same active ingredient.
  • Spray Kasugamycin 5% + Copper Oxychloride 45% WP 320 gm/acre or Propiconazole 25% EC 240 gm/acre.

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Management of Yellow Rust disease in Wheat

09/01/2019Posted on
  • Stripe rust is caused by the fungus.
  • It is easily distinguished from other wheat rusts by the orange-yellow spores.
  • Which produce small, closely packed pustules developing into stripes along the length of the leaf veins.
  • The spores occur on the upper surface of the leaves, the leaf sheaths, awns and inside of the glumes.
  • Pustules erupt within 10-14 days after infection.
  • Free moisture on the leaves and an optimal temperature (10-15°C) are required for infection.
  • The disease can cause up to 25% yield loss.

Managment-

 

  • Destroy volunteer wheat plants.
  • Crop rotation is very important in the case of yellow spot.
  • Growing resistant varieties is an economical and environmentally friendly way of disease reduction.
  • During the growing season active crop monitoring is very important for an early detection of diseases.
  • Avoid repeated use of fungicides with the same active ingredient.
  • Spray Kasugamycin 5% + Copper Oxychloride 45% WP 320 gm/acre or Propiconazole 25% EC 240 ml/Acre

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Management of Black Scurf Disease of Potato

03/01/2019Posted on

Management of Black Scurf Disease of Potato:-

  • The black scurf of tubers appears as a black crust on the skin due to the formation of fungus.
  • Rhizoctonia canker/black scurf occurs when stolons contact soil-borne fungal bodies.
  • Symptoms can be observed on above and below ground plant parts.
  • Symptoms observed above ground early in the season include necrosis at the tips of the sprouts and sunken lesions on stolons, roots, and stems.
  • Later in the season stems with cankers can become girdled, resulting in stunted plants.
  • Leaves of infected plants develop a purplish and chlorotic colouration.
  • The pathogen infects plant tissue and causes stolon blinding thus reducing tuber production and yield.

Management

  • Conduct a soil test prior to the establishment of the crop to know nutrient content and soil pH. Low pH is not conducive for disease development.
  • Use disease-free soil. Avoid areas with a history of potato production or history of potato scurf and stem canker.
  • Use certified potato seed and assure disease-free propagation material. If the seed is not certified, it should be treated with antagonists or fungicides before planting.
  • Apply Sulphur 90% WDG @ 6 kg/acre or Use Ammonium Sulphate as Nitrogenous Fertlizer.
  • For the better control of this disease, seed treatment must be applied with pencycuron 250 SC @ 25 ml/quintal tubers or Penflufen @ 10 ml/quintal tubers.

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Management of Powdery mildew in Peas

26/11/2018Posted on

Powdery Mildew of Pea:-

Symptoms-

  • Firstly on old leaves and then others parts.
  • Formation of powder on both surface of leaves.
  • Later formation of powdery spots on tendrils, pod etc. White power on plant surface. The fruits do not either set or remain very small.
  • Later stage, powdery growth also covers the pod making them not suitable for marketing.

Management-

  • Avoid late sowing.
  • Use resistant varieties like- Arka Ajit, PSM-5, Jawahar Pea- 4 JP-83, JRS-14,
  • Foliar spray of wettable sulphur 50% WP @ 3 gm/litre of water or Dinocap 48% EC 2 ml/ litre of water three time at 10 days interval.

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Control of Fruit Rot in Brinjal

23/11/2018Posted on

Control of Fruit Rot in Brinjal:-

Symptoms

  • Phytophthora rot occurs when fruits are in contact with the soil or mycelia grows through the peduncle into the fruit.
  • infected fruit tissue is water-soaked and dark-green at first; later white mycelium and sporangia develop on the surface of the affected area and, within several days, consume the entire fruit.
  • Fruit affected by these fungi dry rapidly and shrivel but do not drop.

Control

  • Remove and destroy of the affected fruits.
  • spraying the crop with Mancozeb 75% WP @ 400 Gm/Acre or Zineb 75% WP@ 400 Gm/acre or Captan 70% + Hexaconazole 5% WP at an interval of 10 days.

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Management of Late blight in Potato

19/11/2018Posted on

Management Late blight in Potato

  • Late blight is the major disease in Potato crop.
  • This disease is caused by a fungus called Phytophthora infestans.
  • This disease damages leaves, stems and tubers. The disease first appears as water soaked, light brown lesions on the leaf blade.
  • The lesions turn dark brown, dry and brittle after the infected leaf tissues die. In humid atmosphere, the growth of the fungus can be seen on lower side of these spots as whitish cottony growth.
  • The spots turn black as the affected leaves start rotting. Severe infections cause all foliage to rot, dry out and fall to the ground, stems to dry out and plants to die.
  • The tubers under the ground also decay before harvest. On tubers, greenish sunken areas may be seen.
  • To control Late blight of potato, spraying of Mancozeb 75% WP@ 50 Gm/ 15 litre water or Copper oxychloride 50% WP @ 50 Gm/15 litre water or Metalaxy + Mancozeb @ 50 Gm/ 15 Litre water should be done.

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Management of Wilt in Pea

10/11/2018Posted on

Management of Wilt in Pea:-

  • The roots turn black and the later rot away.
  • Plant growth is checked, foliage turn yellow and  downward curling of stipules and leaflets takes place.
  • The entire plant wilts and the stem shrivels.

Control:-

  • Treat seeds with Carboxin 37.%+ Thiram 37.5% @ 2 gm /kg or Trichoderma viride @ 5 gm/kg before sowing and avoid early sowing in badly infected areas.
  • Follow 3 years crops rotation.
  • Destroy the weed hosts.
  • Apply Mycorrhiza @ 4 kg/acre at 15 days after sowing.
  • Spraying Thiaphanate methyl 75% WP @ 300 gm/acre at before flowering.
  • Spraying Propiconazole 25% EC @ 125 ml/acre at pod formation stage.

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Major Diseases and Their Control Measures of Wheat

30/10/2018Posted on

Major Diseases and Their Control Measures of Wheat:-

Rust is major disease of wheat crop and there are 4 types of rust found in wheat i.e. Yellow Rust (Strip Rust), Leaf Rust (Brown Rust), Black Rust (Stem Rust).

Symptom-

 

  • Yellow Rust (Strip Rust) :- Stripe rust is caused by the fungus Puccinia striiformis. It is easily distinguished from other wheat rusts by the orange-yellow spores, which produce small, closely packed pustules developing into stripes along the length of the leaf veins. The spores occur on the upper surface of the leaves, the leaf sheaths, awns and inside of the glumes.
  • Favourable Condition:- Stripe rust requires cool and wet conditions to infect the crop. Free moisture on the leaves and an optimal temperature (10-15°C) are required for infection. Pustules erupt within 10-14 days after infection. The disease can cause up to 25% yield loss.
  • Leaf Rust (Brown Rust):- Leaf rust is caused by the fungus Puccinia triticinia. The disease can also infect rye and triticale. Leaf rust produces reddish-orange coloured spores which occur in small, 1.5 mm, circular to oval-shaped pustules. These are found on the top surface of the leaves, distinguishing leaf rust from stem rust which is found on both surfaces of the leaf.
  • Favourable Condition:- The spores require 15 to 20º C temperature and free moisture (dew/rain/irrigation) on the leaves to successfully infect wheat. The first signs of the disease (sporulation) occur 10-14 days after infection. Removal of volunteer wheat plants, which forms a green bridge for the fungus through the summer, can eliminate or delay the onset of leaf rust.
  • Black Rust (Stem Rust):- Stem rust is caused by the fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. In addition to wheat it can also attack barley, rye and triticale. Stem rust produces reddish-brown spore masses in oval, elongated or spindle-shaped pustules on the stems and leaves.Unlike leaf rust, pustules erupt through both sides of the leaves. Ruptured pustules release masses of stem rust spores, which are disseminated by wind and other carriers.
  • Favourable Condition:- Stem rust develops at higher temperatures than the other wheat rusts within a range of 18-30°C. Spores require free moisture (dew, rain or irrigation) and take up to six hours to infect the plant and pustules can be seen after 10-20 days of infection.

 

Management:-

  • Destroy volunteer wheat plants.
  • Crop rotation is very important in the case of yellow spot.
  • Growing resistant varieties is an economical and environmentally friendly way of disease reduction.
  • During the growing season active crop monitoring is very important for an early detection of diseases.
  • Avoid repeated use of fungicides with the same active ingredient.
  • Spray Kasugamycin 5% + Copper Oxychloride 45% WP 320 gm/acre or Propiconazole 25% EC 240 ml/Acre.

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Control of Blight and Foot Rot in Pea Crop

05/10/2018Posted on

Control of Blight and Foot Rot in Pea Crop:-

Symptoms:-

  • Small, purple spots appear on leaves which may enlarge, turn brown and become zonate with a definite margin.
  • Similar lesions also appear on the stem which elongate and coalesce causing browning or blackening of stem.
  • On the pods, lesions are tan or brown in colour and irregular having a dark margin.

Control:-

  • Use healthy seeds and treat them with Carbendazim+Mancozeb @ 250 Gm/ quintals seed before sowing.  
  • Spray infected crop with Mancozeb 75% @ 400 gm/Acre at flowering and afterwards at 10-15 days intervals .  
  • Remove diseased plants and destroy them.  
  • Maintain proper drainage.

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