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Happy Navratri From Gramophone Team.
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Caring of Dairy Cow after Calving
Caring of Dairy Cow after Calving:-
After calving is a critical period for dairy cows!
There is high demand of energy and nutrients on the body of the animal to synthesize colostrum and milk. At the same time there is decrease in feed intake which leads to negative energy balance (NEB) and micro-nutrient deficiencies.
Therefore, just after calving it’s important to take good care of cows for better health, milk production and reproduction. Some key points to take care of fresh cows are:
- Monitor cows frequently to make sure that they are free from metabolic diseases like milk fever and ketosis.
(Some signs of Milk fever are tremors, ear twitching, dullness, dry muzzle, low body temperature and recumbency, bloat and loss of consciousness.)
(Sweet smelling breath and urine, fever, weight loss etc. indicate towards ketosis)
- Do not house fresh cows with sick cows
- Maintain a clean environment to prevent mastitis (fresh cows are prone to mastitis)
- Minimize stress to the cows. Keep them sheltered from extreme heat/cold and rains. Also keep the other animals like dog/cat/any other aggressive animal away from the fresh cow.
- Provide constant amount of fresh feed with appropriate feed additives/supplements to provide nutrients and encourage feed intake.
- Also, it’s important to ensure that they are consuming the feed, not sorting, and chewing their cud.
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ShareControl of Blight and Foot Rot in Pea Crop
Control of Blight and Foot Rot in Pea Crop:-
Symptoms:-
- Small, purple spots appear on leaves which may enlarge, turn brown and become zonate with a definite margin.
- Similar lesions also appear on the stem which elongate and coalesce causing browning or blackening of stem.
- On the pods, lesions are tan or brown in colour and irregular having a dark margin.
Control:-
- Use healthy seeds and treat them with Carbendazim+Mancozeb @ 250 Gm/ quintals seed before sowing.
- Spray infected crop with Mancozeb 75% @ 400 gm/Acre at flowering and afterwards at 10-15 days intervals .
- Remove diseased plants and destroy them.
- Maintain proper drainage.
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ShareNutrient Management in Wheat
Nutrient Management in Wheat:- Nutrients play an important role in the wheat production. Well rotted farmyard manure (FYM) or compost should be applied at the rate of 15 to 20 tons/ha. after every two years. The FYM and compost will keep the soil physical properties in good condition-
- Apply well rotten FYM compost 15-20 ton per hac.in every 2 year interval.
- Use 88 kg Urea, 160 Kg SSP and 40 kg MOP per Acre.
- Apply urea in below three doses.
- 44 kg quantity during seed sowing.
- 22 kg during the first irrigation.
- Remain 22 kg dose during second irrigation.
- If the full quantity of phosphorus is added in Kharif season, then add half the amount of phosphorus in Rabi.
- When you have minimum or two irrigation may be used 175:250:35-40 Kg/hac. quantity of Urea, SSP and MOP.
- Use full quantity of NPK at a time of basal dose on unirregated condition.
- If wheat sowing are done in mid-December, then 25% of the nitrogen should be reduced.
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ShareSoil Preparation and Sowing Time for Wheat
Soil Preparation and Sowing Time for Wheat:-
- One summer deep ploughing followed by two or three harrowing with disc or tines and two or three planking should be given to prepare a well pulverized seed bed.
- Suitable time of sowing
- Dryland:- Mid October to first week of November.
- Semi Irrigated:- First fortnightly of November.
- Irrigated :- Second fortnightly of November.
- Irrigated (Late):- Second fortnightly of December.
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ShareRequirement of Irrigations in Pea
Requirement of Irrigations in Pea:-
- For proper germination, pre sowing irrigation is must if the soils are dry.
- Normally 2-3 irrigation is needed for mid season peas or late sown peas.
- Moisture stress at flowering and subsequent pod filling stage is most undesirable affecting the yield and quality of pods.
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ShareSuitable Climate and soil for Cabbage Cultivation
Suitable Climate and soil for Cabbage Cultivation:-
- In India, cabbage is grown in large areas having a cool and moist climate.
- A temperature range of 15- 21°C is considered as optimum for growth and head formation of the crop.
- Cultivation of cabbage is done mainly on sandy to heavy soils rich in organic matter.
- Early crops prefer light soil while late crops thrive better on heavier soils due to retention of moisture.
- On heavy soils, plants grow more slowly and the keeping quality is improved.
- A pH range of 6.0-6.5 is considered as optimum for growing cabbage.
- Plants growing in saline soils are prone to diseases.
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ShareCritical stage of irrigation in Potato
Critical stage of irrigation in Potato:-
- Keeping a potato crop at optimum moisture levels for the duration of the season requires a high degree of management.
- There are certain stages of growth where water management is more critical:
- 1) Emergence Stage
- 2) Tuber set Stage
- 3) Bulking up Stage
- 4) Final crop Stage
- 5) Pre harvest irrigation Stage.
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ShareSowing time, Planting and Seed Rate of Garlic
Sowing time, Planting and Seed Rate of Garlic:-
- Cloves are sown in september-November in central India.
- Selection of cloves is important for garlic planting.
- Individual cloves from seed garlic bulbs should be separated but not long before planting.
- Twist off the outer skins and take the cloves apart without breaking the basal plate of the cloves, as that makes them unusable for planting.
- With hardneck garlic, the remainder of the stem acts as a handy lever for separating the cloves.
- Big cloves (>1.5g) should be selected for planting. Small, diseased and damaged cloves should be rejected.
- Seed rate for garlic is 400-500 kg/ha.
- Selected cloves should be planted vertically 2 cm below soil surface with plant to plant spacing of 10 cm and row to row spacing of 15 cm.
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ShareNursery bed preparation for Tomato
Nursery bed preparation for Tomato:-
- Raised beds of size 3 X 0.6 m and 10-15 cm in height are prepared.
- 70 cm distance is kept between two beds to carry out intercultural operation.
- The surface of beds should be smooth and well leveled.To protect seeds and seedlings, the beds should be drenched with Mancozeb 75% WP @ 30 Gm/pump.
- Hardening is done by withholding water 4-5 days before uprooting seedling.
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