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In cucurbits, crops like bottle gourd, Sponge gourd, watermelon, muskmelon, pumpkin, cucumber, tinda, bitter gourd etc. The reason for this is as follows –

• Lack of pollination

Pollination may fail due to various mechanisms, and pollination may fail due to lack of pollinator, or adverse environment.

• Nutritional deficiencies

Many times the plant does not get nutrients in the right amount, due to which flowers and fruits are not able to develop fully and fall,It is very important for the plant to get sulphur , boron, calcium, magnesium etc.

• Lack of water / moisture :

Due to lack of sufficient water, plants are unable to absorb nutrients from the soil

through their roots, due to which there is a lack of many types of elements in flowers and fruits and they start falling. And due to excessive temperature and strong wind, there is excessive evaporation of water, due to which the leaves of the trees wither which causes fruit drop.

• Seed development

Oxytocin released from the seeds helps in attaching the fruits to the plants. With less or no pollination, the seed does not form properly or the seed does not develop properly, in both the cases, the fruit falls in large quantities.

• pests and diseases

Fruits and flowers start falling due to various types of insects and microorganisms in the plants.

• Carbohydrate content:

Carbohydrates are needed for the production and development of fruits, and if the level of carbohydrates in plants is low, then the problem of fruit drop becomes more.

Measures to prevent fruit and flower drop

• • Nutrient Spraying: Nutrients should be sprayed from time to time in the plants. Major and minor eg – boron, calcium, magnesium etc.

  • Irrigation: According to the need, irrigation should be done in the crops at a fixed interval so that sufficient amount of moisture is maintained, keep in mind that excessive irrigation can also be harmful.

  • Weeding: Weeding and other intercropping work should be done from time to time in the cucurbitaceous,  so that the field remains free from weeds. It is necessary to use well-rotted manure or vermicompost from time to time.

  • Pest control: Insects and disease cause damage in large quantities in crops, they should be treated from time to time in consultation with agricultural experts.

  • Maintaining the balance of hormones: In a normal crop, more damage is also caused due to hormonal imbalance. So maintain the balance of hormones. ex . Spraying of  novamaxx (GIBBERELLIC ACID 0.001%) @ 300 ml per acre, @ 150 to 200 liter of water . 

• Use of pollinator

For the pollination of these crops, it is necessary to have bees or other insects, not to do any kind of spraying or other agricultural work in the field during the presence of these insects. Due to this, the work of pollination is done easily and on time.

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