Tip of the day – Page 57

Control of leaf miner in moong crop

29/04/2022 Friday April 29th, 2022

Insect identification: The tiny maggot insects are very small, legless, and yellow in colour and adult insects are light yellow in colour.
Symptoms of damage: The symptoms of its damage are first visible on the leaves.
The larvae of this insect enter the leaves and make tunnels by eating the green matter. Due to this white spiral lines appear on the leaves.
The affected plant bears fewer pods and leaves fall prematurely. Plant growth stops and plants remain small.
Due to the attack of this insect, the photosynthesis of plants is also affected.
Control: To control this pest, spray Abamectin 1.9% EC [Abacin] @ 150 ml or Spinosad 45% SC [Tracer] @ 60 ml or Cyantraniliprole 10.26% OD [Benevia] @ 250 ml per acre.
As a biological treatment, spray Beauveria bassiana [Bave Curb] @ 500 gm/acre.

Yellow vein mosaic virus disease in moong bean

28/04/2022 Thursday April 28th, 2022

Yellow vein mosaic is a major viral disease caused by the green gram.
It spreads due to whitefly and causes 25-30% of damage.
The symptoms of this disease can be seen in all the stages of the plant.
Due to this the leaves turn yellow and start twisting, the veins of the leaves also turn yellow and a net-like structure is formed on the leaves.
To control white fly, spray Acetamiprid 20% SP [Novaceta] @ 100 gm or Diafenthiuron 50% WP [Pager] @ 250 gm or Pyriproxyfen 10% + Bifenthrin 10% EC [Prudens] @ 250 ml/acre.
Beauveria bassiana [Bave Curb] @ 250gm/acre can be used as biological treatment.

Necessary recommendations to be done in 25-30 days in late moong crop

27/04/2022

In the areas where the sowing of moong has been delayed, mainly the crop is still in the stage of 25-30 days. At this time, outbreaks of insect and fungal diseases, and problems related to growth and development are generally seen.
To solve all these problems, it is very necessary to do crop management in moong crop in 25-30 days. For this, you can adopt the following recommendations –
Insect infestation: Spraying of Bifenthrin 10% EC [Marker] @ 300 ml/acre with Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG [Emanova] @ 100 gm/acre to control pest infestation.
Use Beauveria bassiana [Bave Curb] @ 250 gm/acre as a biological control.
Fungal diseases: To prevent fungal diseases, spray Thiophanate methyl 70%W/W [Milduvip] @ 300 gm/acre.
As a biological control, Pseudomonas fluorescens [Monas curb] @ 250 gm/acre can be used.
For good flower growth and development in moong crops, it is beneficial to use Homobrassinolide [Double] @ 100 ml/acre as a spray.

Importance of organic carbon in soil testing

26/04/2022 Tuesday April 26th, 2022

Humus is made of organic matter which improves soil health and maintains soil fertility.
The physical and chemical quality of the soil increases with its excess in the soil. The physical quality of the soil like soil structure, water holding capacity, etc. is increased by organic carbon.
Organic carbon is also very useful for the transfer and conversion of nutrients and for the growth of microorganisms.
It gives beneficial micro-organisms a safe environment which helps in their growth.
It also prevents the leaching of nutrients.

Soil solarization before nursery preparation of chilli

24/04/2022 Saturday April 23rd, 2022

Chilli nursery preparation starts in the first week of May.
It is very important to do field selection, field preparation etc. in the month of April.
For the preparation of chilli nursery, first of all, it is very important to solarize the soil. So that the crop can be saved from fungal diseases and pests etc. The suitable time for solarization in April-May.
In this process, the soil is moved up and down by ploughing, levelling it by running a leveller, and then wetting the soil by irrigation.
Then spread 200 gauge (50 μm) of transparent polyethene over the entire nursery area for about 5–6 weeks.
The edges of the polythene should be covered with the help of wet soil so that air cannot enter inside the polythene.
After 5-6 weeks, remove the polythene sheet.

Measures to reduce storage loss of onion

24/04/2022 Saturday April 23rd, 2022

In onion production, India ranks second in the world. In such a situation, if our farmers store onions in the right and modern way, then a large part of the total production of onions can be saved from spoilage, as well as the income of the farmers will also increase.

Following are the measures to reduce the loss during storage

Select only varieties of onions that are storable.
Use manure and fertilizer in balanced quantities, do not use more nitrogen.
Keep the irrigation system proper, stop the irrigation 10-15 days before digging.
Dig the crop at the full maturity stage only.
Perform drying and curing procedures properly.
Cut off the neck leaving 2.5 cm above the tuber.
If available, treat them with gamma rays.
Sorting and grading.
Do not throw the bulbs from a height on the hard ground.
Protect stored onions from direct sunlight and rain.
Do not allow moist air to enter the onions stored during the rainy season.
Keep inspecting the warehouse from time to time, if any damage is seen, then immediately arrange for sorting.

Invasion of Red Pumpkin Beetle in cucurbitaceous crops

23/04/2022 Saturday April 23rd, 2022

Pest identification – The beetle of this insect is orange in colour, whose both grub and beetle stage damages the crop.
Symptoms of damage – After hatching from the egg, the grubs damage the roots, underground parts and the fruits which remain in contact with the ground.
The eaten roots and underground parts of these affected plants are attacked by fungi.
Due to this immature fruits and veins dry up.
The beetles eat the leaves and make holes in them, due to which the leaves appear like a sieve.
In the vegetative growth stage, beetles eat soft leaves and cause damage due to which the plants die.
Infected fruits are not edible to humans.
Control – Do deep ploughing in summer after harvesting.
For chemical control, Spray Lambda Cyhalothrin 4.9% CS [LemNova] @ 250 ml or Bifenthrin 10% EC [Marker] @ 400 ml/acre.
For biological control, use Beauveria bassiana [Bave curb] @ 500 gm/acre.

Sorting and grading of onion and garlic bulbs

23/04/2022 Saturday April 23rd, 2022

Sorting and grading of onion and garlic are essential before storage to reduce storage loss or to get a good price in the market.
In this thick-necked, mutilated or injured, diseased and affected by insects, rotten and sprouted tubers are sorted and separated.
After sorting onions and garlic are classified based on size.
Grading is generally done by human labour but at present machines are also available for this, any method can be adopted as per requirement.

Summer ploughing of farms and its benefits

22/04/2022 Friday April 22nd, 2022

Farmers usually do the ploughing of the field just before sowing, whereas for good production of the Kharif crop, it is very useful to do deep ploughing of the field immediately after harvesting of Rabi crop and leave the field empty in the summer season.

Benefits of summer ploughing–

Due to summer ploughing, the sun’s strong rays enter the ground, due to which the egg, pupa, larvae and adults of underground insects are destroyed.
The germs of diseases like uprooting, root rot, etc and nematodes which occur in crops, are also destroyed.
Due to the formation of lumps in the soil of the field, the capacity of absorbing rainwater increases. Due to this, the moisture remains in the soil for a longer time.
Deep ploughing can get rid of tough weeds.
Due to summer ploughing, the manure of cow dung and other organic matter available in the field gets mixed well in the land, due to which the nutrients become available to the crops soon.
Due to summer ploughing, there is a huge reduction in land erosion by water.

Necessary advice to protect horticulture crops from the outbreak of pests and disease

22/04/2022 Friday April 22nd, 2022

Horticulture crops like fruits, vegetables, etc. are prone to many types of pests and diseases, due to which there is a lot of damage to the crops.
The damage caused by insects, sucking of sap from leaves, stems, flowers and fruits, eating soft tender leaves and stems, deforming flowers and fruits, holes in stems and fruits, cutting roots of plants, etc.
In diseases, there may be problems like fall of flowers, rotting and wilting of roots, stunted growth of plants, etc.
To avoid all these problems, the farmers should take precautions.
For sowing use disease resistant varieties.
Cultivation of intercropping crops is effective in disease management, For example, cowpea can be cultivated for the control of yellow vein mosaic virus disease in okra. To control nematodes in tomatoes, the marigold crop can be taken together.
For the management of fungal diseases, seeds must be treated with Trichoderma virdi, Trichoderma harzianum.
Use of pseudomonas for bacterial diseases.
For diseases, chemicals like carbendazim, mancozeb, propiconazole etc. can be used.
For viral diseases, pick up the diseased plants and burn them.
Spray recommended insecticides for the control of sucking pests.

Insect identification: The tiny maggot insects are very small, legless, and yellow in colour and adult insects are light yellow in colour.

Symptoms of damage: The symptoms of its damage are first visible on the leaves.

The larvae of this insect enter the leaves and make tunnels by eating the green matter. Due to this white spiral lines appear on the leaves.

The affected plant bears fewer pods and leaves fall prematurely. Plant growth stops and plants remain small.

Due to the attack of this insect, the photosynthesis of plants is also affected.

Control: To control this pest, spray Abamectin 1.9% EC [Abacin] @ 150 ml or Spinosad 45% SC [Tracer] @ 60 ml or Cyantraniliprole 10.26% OD [Benevia] @ 250 ml per acre.

As a biological treatment, spray Beauveria bassiana [Bave Curb] @ 500 gm/acre.

Yellow vein mosaic is a major viral disease caused by the green gram.

It spreads due to whitefly and causes 25-30% of damage.

The symptoms of this disease can be seen in all the stages of the plant.

Due to this the leaves turn yellow and start twisting, the veins of the leaves also turn yellow and a net-like structure is formed on the leaves.

To control white fly, spray Acetamiprid 20% SP [Novaceta] @ 100 gm or Diafenthiuron 50% WP [Pager] @ 250 gm or Pyriproxyfen 10% + Bifenthrin 10% EC [Prudens] @ 250 ml/acre.

Beauveria bassiana [Bave Curb] @ 250gm/acre can be used as biological treatment.

In the areas where the sowing of moong has been delayed, mainly the crop is still in the stage of 25-30 days. At this time, outbreaks of insect and fungal diseases, and problems related to growth and development are generally seen.

To solve all these problems, it is very necessary to do crop management in moong crop in 25-30 days. For this, you can adopt the following recommendations –

Insect infestation: Spraying of Bifenthrin 10% EC [Marker] @ 300 ml/acre with Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG [Emanova] @ 100 gm/acre to control pest infestation.

Use Beauveria bassiana [Bave Curb] @ 250 gm/acre as a biological control.

Fungal diseases: To prevent fungal diseases, spray Thiophanate methyl 70%W/W [Milduvip] @ 300 gm/acre.

As a biological control, Pseudomonas fluorescens [Monas curb] @ 250 gm/acre can be used.

For good flower growth and development in moong crops, it is beneficial to use Homobrassinolide [Double] @ 100 ml/acre as a spray.

Humus is made of organic matter which improves soil health and maintains soil fertility.

The physical and chemical quality of the soil increases with its excess in the soil. The physical quality of the soil like soil structure, water holding capacity, etc. is increased by organic carbon.

Organic carbon is also very useful for the transfer and conversion of nutrients and for the growth of microorganisms.

It gives beneficial micro-organisms a safe environment which helps in their growth.

It also prevents the leaching of nutrients.

Chilli nursery preparation starts in the first week of May.

It is very important to do field selection, field preparation etc. in the month of April.

For the preparation of chilli nursery, first of all, it is very important to solarize the soil. So that the crop can be saved from fungal diseases and pests etc. The suitable time for solarization in April-May.

In this process, the soil is moved up and down by ploughing, levelling it by running a leveller, and then wetting the soil by irrigation.

Then spread 200 gauge (50 μm) of transparent polyethene over the entire nursery area for about 5–6 weeks.

The edges of the polythene should be covered with the help of wet soil so that air cannot enter inside the polythene.

After 5-6 weeks, remove the polythene sheet.

In onion production, India ranks second in the world. In such a situation, if our farmers store onions in the right and modern way, then a large part of the total production of onions can be saved from spoilage, as well as the income of the farmers will also increase.

Following are the measures to reduce the loss during storage

Select only varieties of onions that are storable.

Use manure and fertilizer in balanced quantities, do not use more nitrogen.

Keep the irrigation system proper, stop the irrigation 10-15 days before digging.

Dig the crop at the full maturity stage only.

Perform drying and curing procedures properly.

Cut off the neck leaving 2.5 cm above the tuber.

If available, treat them with gamma rays.

Sorting and grading.

Do not throw the bulbs from a height on the hard ground.

Protect stored onions from direct sunlight and rain.

Do not allow moist air to enter the onions stored during the rainy season.

Keep inspecting the warehouse from time to time, if any damage is seen, then immediately arrange for sorting.

Pest identification – The beetle of this insect is orange in colour, whose both grub and beetle stage damages the crop.

Symptoms of damage – After hatching from the egg, the grubs damage the roots, underground parts and the fruits which remain in contact with the ground.

The eaten roots and underground parts of these affected plants are attacked by fungi.

Due to this immature fruits and veins dry up.

The beetles eat the leaves and make holes in them, due to which the leaves appear like a sieve.

In the vegetative growth stage, beetles eat soft leaves and cause damage due to which the plants die.

Infected fruits are not edible to humans.

Control – Do deep ploughing in summer after harvesting.

For chemical control, Spray Lambda Cyhalothrin 4.9% CS [LemNova] @ 250 ml or Bifenthrin 10% EC [Marker] @ 400 ml/acre.

For biological control, use Beauveria bassiana [Bave curb] @ 500 gm/acre.

Sorting and grading of onion and garlic are essential before storage to reduce storage loss or to get a good price in the market.

In this thick-necked, mutilated or injured, diseased and affected by insects, rotten and sprouted tubers are sorted and separated.

After sorting onions and garlic are classified based on size.

Grading is generally done by human labour but at present machines are also available for this, any method can be adopted as per requirement.

Farmers usually do the ploughing of the field just before sowing, whereas for good production of the Kharif crop, it is very useful to do deep ploughing of the field immediately after harvesting of Rabi crop and leave the field empty in the summer season.

Benefits of summer ploughing–

Due to summer ploughing, the sun’s strong rays enter the ground, due to which the egg, pupa, larvae and adults of underground insects are destroyed.

The germs of diseases like uprooting, root rot, etc and nematodes which occur in crops, are also destroyed.

Due to the formation of lumps in the soil of the field, the capacity of absorbing rainwater increases. Due to this, the moisture remains in the soil for a longer time.

Deep ploughing can get rid of tough weeds.

Due to summer ploughing, the manure of cow dung and other organic matter available in the field gets mixed well in the land, due to which the nutrients become available to the crops soon.

Due to summer ploughing, there is a huge reduction in land erosion by water.

Horticulture crops like fruits, vegetables, etc. are prone to many types of pests and diseases, due to which there is a lot of damage to the crops.

The damage caused by insects, sucking of sap from leaves, stems, flowers and fruits, eating soft tender leaves and stems, deforming flowers and fruits, holes in stems and fruits, cutting roots of plants, etc.

In diseases, there may be problems like fall of flowers, rotting and wilting of roots, stunted growth of plants, etc.

To avoid all these problems, the farmers should take precautions.

For sowing use disease resistant varieties.

Cultivation of intercropping crops is effective in disease management, For example, cowpea can be cultivated for the control of yellow vein mosaic virus disease in okra. To control nematodes in tomatoes, the marigold crop can be taken together.

For the management of fungal diseases, seeds must be treated with Trichoderma virdi, Trichoderma harzianum.

Use of pseudomonas for bacterial diseases.

For diseases, chemicals like carbendazim, mancozeb, propiconazole etc. can be used.

For viral diseases, pick up the diseased plants and burn them.

Spray recommended insecticides for the control of sucking pests.