Symptoms of early blight appear on the stem, leaves and potato tubers.
Initial symptoms appear as small 1-2 mm black or brown lesions on leaves.
The lesions become larger under favourable environmental conditions. Lesions more significant than 10 mm in diameter often have deep rings. As the lesions progress, entire leaves become chlorotic.
Lesions on stems are often sunken. This may result in the death of the plant.
Severely infected leaves turn yellow and drop. Infected tubers show brown, corky dry rot.
Control measures:
For the control of this disease, Spray NovaCrust (Azoxystrobin 11% + Tebuconazole 18.3% SC) @ 300 ml or Carmanova (Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% WP) @ 700 gm + Novamaxx (Gibberellic Acid 0.001 % L) 300 ml + Silicomaxx gold 50ml per acre @ 150 to 200 litres of water.
The right time for nursery raising is from the last week of December to February. For planting in a one-acre area, a 40-square-meter nursery area is required.
For good germination of seeds and good growth of plants, it is necessary to have friable soil.
Which should be rich in organic matter, and well-drained loam soil with a pH range of 6.5-7.5.
Do one ploughing with soil turning plough and do 2-3 ploughing with the help of a harrow. and remove other unwanted materials present in the field.
If there is less moisture in the soil, first do light irrigation, then prepare the field.
And in the last, level the field by using the leveller.
To protect the seeds from seed and soil-borne diseases like damping off, sow them after treating with Combat (Trichoderma viride 1.00 % WP) @ 4 gm or Monas Curb (Pseudomonas fluorescens 1.00 % WP) @ 10 gm per kg of seed.
After land preparation, apply FYM – 10 kg + Speed Kompost 200 gm + Maxxroot – 50 gm + DAP – 1 kg, and mix them all evenly in a 40 square meter nursery area.
Seed rate – 80 to 100 grams of seed is sufficient per acre.
And sow the seeds in the prepared bed, and do light irrigation with the help of a watering can.
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In this disease, irregularly shaped water-soaked spots are formed on the leaves, which causes the early fall of leaves. Due to these spots, a brown layer is formed on the leaves which affects the photosynthesis process of the plant.
As the process of photosynthesis is affected, the plants are unable to produce food, stunting the plant’s growth and the plant dries prematurely.
White growth develops under the surface of the leaves, on the stem and nodes, at these points, the stem breaks and the plant falls. In tubers, purplish-brown spots spread over the entire surface when cut, and rusty brown necrosis appears from the affected tuber surface to the centre.
Chemical Treatment:- Azoxystrobin 11% + Tebuconazole 18.3% SC @ 300 ml or Kasugamycin 5% + Copper Oxychloride 45% WP @ 300 g or Tebuconazole 10% + Sulfur 65% WG @ 500 g or Metalaxyl 4% + Mancozeb 64%WP @ Spray 600 gm or Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25% wg @ 150 ml per acre.
Biological treatment:- Use Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 250 gm/acre.
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Sudden change in weather is adversely affecting plant growth, to protect crops from this, spray Novamaxx.
Novamaxx is Chyawanprash for every crop, which will keep crops stress free!
Novamaxx (Gibberellic Acid 0.001%) is Effective for crops like paddy, maize, cereals, wheat, vegetables, cotton, sugarcane, groundnut, soybean etc., which helps to protect against stress caused by cold, drought, overwatering, and insect disease attack.
This increases the size of plants and fruits as well as stimulates flowering. It will not mix with sulfur and copper-based products, it can be mixed with all other pesticides and fertilizers.
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The vector of the cucumber mosaic virus is aphids. Cucurbits are susceptible to the Cucumber mosaic virus.
Initially, water-soaked yellow spots develop on the leaves.
The spots grow rapidly and become irregular to circular with a light grey or white centre. The spots coalesce and turn into large lesions.
Plants become severely stunted and leaves become distorted.
When infected at the stage of flowering and fruit, there is a huge reduction in yield due to malformation of the fruit.
Eventually, the leaves dry up and the plant dies.
Preventive measures
To control this Insect, take a spray of Admire (Imidacloprid 70% WG) @ 14 g + SilicomaxxGold @ 50 ml per acre @ 150 to 200 litres of water.
After 3 days, spray Privintal BV @ 100 gm per acre @ 150 to 200 litres of water.
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Symptoms of fruit borer damage: Fruit borer caterpillars feed on leaves at an early stage and at the flowering and pod stage they bore into developing pods and feed on seeds, with the head usually inside the pod and most of the body on the outside.
Control measures: For control of this Insect, spray Tusk (Malathion 50.00% EC) @ 600 ml + Silicomaxx Gold @ 50 ml per acre @ 150 to 200 litres of water.
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Symptoms of damage: Small water-soaked brown spots develop on the tips and margins of the leaves. And a white cotton-like growth of fungus appears around the spots. Under favourable weather conditions like low temperature, and high humidity, the disease spreads rapidly and the whole crop may be destroyed and blighted within 10-14 days.
Control measures: For the control of this disease, Spray NovaCrust (Azoxystrobin 11% + Tebuconazole 18.3% SC) @ 300 ml or Carmanova (Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% WP) @ 700 gm + Novamaxx (Gibberellic Acid 0.001 % L) 300 ml + Silicomaxx gold 50ml per acre @ 150 to 200 litres of water.
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Garlic crop is now 50-55 days old, at this stage, for good Clove development, Boron 1 kg + Calcium Nitrate 10 kg + MOP 20 kg, mix all together and broadcast evenly one acre and do light irrigation.
Advantages of use
Boron: Increases resistance to fungal diseases. Garlic bulbs have good shine and colour.
Calcium nitrate: Increases the size of the tuber, and better quality yield is obtained. Garlic bulbs become solid, which increases their storage capacity.
Potassium: Potassium plays an important role in the transport of sugar synthesized in the plant to all parts of the plant. Potassium promotes the efficiency of natural nitrogen. Increases immunity in plants. Potassium increases yield.
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For okra crops, friable, well-drained sandy loam soil having a pH range of 6.0-6.8 is most suitable.
It has good seed germination and root development in soil rich in organic matter.
After harvesting the previous crop, do one ploughing with soil turning plough.
Thereafter, apply FYM 8 to 10 Tonne + Speed Kompost 4 kg + Combat (Trichoderma viride 1.0 % WP) @ 2 kg, per acre evenly in the field.
And do 2-3 ploughing with the help of a harrow. If there is less moisture in the soil, first do the Irrigation, then prepare the field and in the end make the field level by the leveller.
After field preparation, sow the seeds at the recommended spacing.
Keep the distance of plant to plant and row to row 30 x 30 cm. For one acre area, 1.5-2.2 kg seed is sufficient.
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In onion crop, 40-45 days after transplanting, bulb formation starts, in this stage, apply Urea 30 kg + Calcium Nitrate 10 kg + Magnesium Sulphate 10 kg, Mix all these together, broadcast them evenly in a one-acre area and irrigate lightly.
Urea: It is the biggest source of nitrogen supply. With its use, there is no problem with the yellowing and drying of leaves. Urea accelerates the process of photosynthesis.
Calcium nitrate: It contains 15.5% nitrogen and 18.5% calcium. Apart from calcium, it also makes nitrogen available to the crops. Calcium is an important secondary nutrient for plant growth. Calcium nitrate is an excellent source of calcium for crops. Enhances yield quality and longer shelf life in crops. It helps in the development of tubers in plants.
Magnesium Sulphate: It contains 9.5% magnesium and 12% sulphur. Along with magnesium, the availability of sulfur to the crops also increases, which increases the quality of the crops as well as the production. It plays an important role in the conversion of enzymes and carbohydrates. Helps in the synthesis of chlorophyll in plants and also improves phosphorus uptake and absorption.
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