Tip of the day – Page 9

This disease reduces the yield of green gram

11/04/2025 Friday April 11th, 2025

Molybdenum element is essential in the crop of green and black gram

Leaf spot disease:- Symptoms of this disease are found in all parts of the plant and its effect is very much seen on the leaves. Initially, the symptoms of the disease appear in the form of small brown boat-shaped spots, which enlarge and scorch the entire part of the leaves and the tissue dies, causing the green colour of the plant to be destroyed.
Cercospora leaf spot disease: – Infection of this disease first starts from the old leaves. Dark brown spots appear on the leaves with brownish-red edges, later the spots become irregularly shaped. Leaves turn yellow and fall. At the time of flowering, in severe cases, the leaves fall and the grains become shrivelled and discoloured.
Stem blight disease: – The disease infection appears at the time of maturity of the crop, in this disease also irregular-shaped spots appear on the leaves.
Blight disease: – In this disease dark brown spots appear on the leaves. Irregular spots of purple-black colour appear on the stems and red or brown on the pods. In the severe stage of the disease, the stem starts to become weak.

Proper management of appropriate diseases-

Chemical Management:- Spray Thiophanate Methyl 70% WP [Milduvip] @ 300 gm or Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% WP [CarmaNova] @ 300 gm or Tebuconazole 10% + Sulfur 65% WG [Swadheen] @ 500 gm or Chlorothalonil 75% WP [Jatayu] @ 400 gm/acre.
Biological management: – For biological treatment of all these diseases, spraying of Trichoderma viride @ 500 gm or Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 250 gm/acre can be done.

With the sowing of the crop, connect your farm with the Gramophone app and keep on getting the exact advice and solutions related to smart agriculture throughout the crop cycle. Share this article with your friends with the share button below.

Keep these things in mind while using drone in fields

10/04/2025 Thursday April 10th, 2025

Drones are a perfect option for spraying in the fields, This saves water and chemicals with less manpower requirement. While spraying with a drone, keep the following things in mind.
Be sure to wear a PPE kit while spraying with a drone, so that the chemicals do not get into the nose and eyes.
Do not smoke while spraying.
Spray pure water (without chemicals) for at least 5 minutes to test the spraying operation.
Be sure to dilute in two steps to completely dissolve the pesticide in the water.
Check the weather conditions for wind speed, humidity and temperature. These conditions affect spray efficiency.
Do not spray at the time of bee pollination.
Ensure proper flight height and speed of the drone along with the amount of water in the tank for effective spraying.
For maximum use of chemicals, an anti-drift nozzle must be used.

Keep reading Gramophone’s articles for similar home remedies and other important information related to agriculture. Also, share this article with your friends using the share button below.

Management of fruit fly in watermelon

09/04/2025 Wednesday April 9th, 2025

Damage and control measure of fruit fly in watermelon

In the Cucurbitaceae crops, the attack of fruit flies is mainly seen in the watermelon crop. Which affects the yield by damaging the crop.
The fruit fly lays eggs inside the fruit, and the caterpillar emerges from the egg and eats the pulp of the fruit, which causes the rotting of the fruit. The fruits become twisted, become weak and separate from the vine.
Management :- Spray Fenpropathrin 10% EC [Danitol] @ 400 ml or Profenofos 40% + Cypermethrin 4% EC [ProfeNova] @ 400 ml or Spinosad 45% SC [Tracer] @ 60 ml/acre.
For better management of fruit flies, installed 10 fruit fly traps per acre.
For organic management, use Beauveria bassiana [Bave Curb] @ 250 gm/acre.

With the sowing of the crop, connect your farm with the Gramophone app and keep on getting the exact advice and solutions related to smart agriculture throughout the crop cycle. Share this article with your friends with the share button below.

Gummy stem blight symptoms and control in watermelon crop Symptoms

08/04/2025 Wednesday April 9th, 2025

During the cultivation of watermelon, the outbreak of many types of diseases is seen in its entire crop cycle. By preventing these diseases, a good yield of watermelons can be obtained. Gummy stem blight is one of the major diseases of the watermelon crop and in this article, we will know the information and prevention measures related to this disease.

Gummy stem blight is one of the serious foliar diseases in watermelon crops. In this disease, brown spots appear on the stems and leaves and these spots are surrounded by yellow tissues. After that, this lesion on the stem enlarges and forms a rotting which secretes a sticky, brown liquid. Fruit is rarely affected by this disease, but the loss of foliage can also affect yield and fruit quality.

Control: To avoid gummy stem blight, use disease-free seeds, as well as crop rotation of 2 years in all cucurbits crops. Also, on the appearance of disease symptoms, for chemical control, spray fungicide like Jatayu (Chlorothalonil 75% WP) @ 400 gm/acre or M45 (Mancozeb 75% WP) @ 600-800 gm/acre @ 150 to 200 litres of water.

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Know the benefits of growing summer moong

07/04/2025 Friday April 4th, 2025

After the rabi crops are harvested, the field remains fallow till the Kharif season. But if the farmer brothers want, they can get good benefits by making proper use of the time between Rabi and Kharif, which is called Zayed. If there can be any best choice for farming in the Zayed season then it is the moong crop which is a short-duration crop and can give good profit. The following are the main reasons why its cultivation is beneficial.

It controls weeds and prevents wind erosion in summer.
The attack of pests and diseases on the crop is very less.
Crop/varieties take less time to mature (60-65 days)
In turn, this adds at least 30-50 kg of available nitrogen/ha through rhizobium fixation which can be adjusted while applying fertilizers in the next Kharif season crop.
Cropping intensity increases.
The area and production under pulses can be increased without giving up the cereal crop grown during the Kharif season.
It makes use of residual soil fertility when grown after crops with heavy fertilizer demands such as potatoes, wheat and winter maize.

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Coriander cultivation will give tremendous yield in less time and earn a lot

06/04/2025 Friday April 4th, 2025

Climate: Dry and cool weather is favorable for getting good production. 25 to 26 *Centigrade temperature is good for seed germination.
Soil: Well drained loamy soil is good for irrigated coriander crop and black heavy soil is good for non-irrigated crop. Coriander does not tolerate alkaline and saline soils. Well drained and fertile loam or clay loam soil is suitable. The pH of the soil should be 6.5 to 7.5. In irrigated areas. In the irrigated area, if there is not enough moisture in the land at the time of plowing, then the land should be prepared after irrigation. Due to which lumps will not be formed in the soil at the time of plowing and the weed seeds will be destroyed after germination at the time of plowing. For rainfed crop, after harvesting of kharif crop, plowing should be done immediately by doing two horizontal ploughings.
Improved varieties of coriander: Fauja, Surabhi, Raunak-31,
Time of sowing: For green leaves, it can be sown in the month of April-May.
Seed rate: 15-20 kg/ha of seed is required in irrigated crops and 25-30 kg/ha in non-irrigated crops.
Seed treatment & fertilizers: For protection from soil and seed-borne diseases, seed should be treated with Carmanova (Carbendazim+Mancozeb) 2.5 g./kg. To get a good yield of coriander, apply farm yard manure 20 tons/ha. For irrigated crops, use fertilizers at the rate of 60 kg nitrogen, 40 kg phosphorus, 20 kg potash and 20 kg sulfur per hectare.

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Major pests and control measures of cucurbitaceous crops

05/04/2025 Friday April 4th, 2025

Red pumpkin beetle: This bright red-coloured insect makes a sieve-like appearance by feeding on the leaves of the plant, especially in the early stages. Affected leaves split and plant growth is stunted.

Control: To avoid the damage caused by this pest, sow the crop till the month of December. Keep the field clean by destroying the weeds. For chemical control, spray Marquit (Bifenthrin 10 % EC) @ 2 ml + SilicoMaxx Gold @ 0.5 ml per liter of water. For biological control, take spray of Beauveria bassiana mixed in 2 g/Lit of water.

Leaf miner: The caterpillar of the insect damages the leaves by making tunnels inside the leaves and eats the chlorophyll, due to which white stripes are formed on the leaves. It mainly damages tomato, sponge gourd, cucumber and cucurbitaceous crops.

Control: For, Spray Neemgold (Azadirachtin 0.3%) 3000 ppm, @ 150 ml, or Benevia (Cytraniliprole 10.26% OD) @ 20 – 25 ml + SilicoMaxx @ 5 ml per 15 liters of water.

Fruit fly: It is a fruit-attacking pest in cucurbit crops. Its maggots cause more damage to small fruits. The caterpillar of fruit fly damages the fruit from inside. Due to this the fruits fall before ripening. Due to the attack of caterpillars of fruit fly, sticky liquid of brown color flows from the fruits and the shape of the fruit deteriorates. Fruit flies bore holes in fruits to lay eggs. Due to this holes start appearing in the fruits. Affected fruits become oblong. When the pest attack increases, the fruits start rotting.

Control: Direct control of its maggots is not possible but by controlling the number of adult male flies their outbreak can be reduced. Before transplanting the plants in the field, do deep plowing of the field. This will destroy the pupae already present in the soil. To attract the pest, set 10 to 12 pheromone traps per acre of field and change the lure at an interval of 15 -20 days. Male insects are attracted by the lure and get trapped. This can control the growth of fruit flies. Pluck and destroy the affected fruits. Also for chemical control spray Decis (Deltamethrin 100 EC) @ 1 ml per liter of water. Or spray Celquin (Quinalphos 25% EC) @ 2 ml per liter of water.

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Control of Anthracnose disease in Watermelon and Muskmelon

04/04/2025 Friday April 4th, 2025

Small, irregular yellow or brown spots first appear on the leaves. These spots spread with time and become deep and surround the entire leaf. Small black deep spots also appear on the fruit, which gradually spread. In moist weather, pink spores form in the center of these spots.
To prevent this disease, treat with Vitavax (Carboxin 37.5 + Thiram 37.5) 2.5 gm/kg of seed.
Spray Novaphanate (thiophanate methyl 70% WP) at 300 gm per acre or Jatayu (Chlorothalonil 75 WP) @ 400 gm per acre in 200 litres of water at an interval of 10 days.
For biological control, spray Monas Curb (Pseudomonas fluorescens) @ 500 gm/acre in 200 litres of water.

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Farming in polyhouse will get many benefits

03/04/2025 Thursday April 3rd, 2025

In a polyhouse, plants can be grown in a controlled environment with less water, limited sunlight, and a minimum amount of pesticides.
In a polyhouse, plants can be grown under different conditions, which are impossible to cultivate in that particular climatic zone. For example, growing strawberries in the plains of India.
External climate does not affect the growth of crops
product quality improves.
It conserves 90% of water in vegetables, fruits and flowers, thereby increasing the shelf life of the produce
Polyhouse also provides a high concentration of Co2 to increase production to the maximum level, due to which polyhouse yield is much higher than open field cultivation.
Water is saved due to drip irrigation.
It can create the right environment for plants in any season.
With the help of polyhouse, crops can be protected from wind, rain, precipitation and other climatic factors.

Keep reading Gramophone articles daily for important news related to your life. If you liked today’s information, do not forget to share.

Symptoms and control of downy mildew in cucumber crop

02/04/2025 Wednesday April 2nd, 2025

This is the most important disease of cucumbers, and this disease is caused by a fungus. Usually, its symptoms appear on the upper surface of the leaves. Initially, small yellow or orange spots appear on the leaves, and as the spots enlarge, they become brown with irregular margins. The white or light purple powder appears on the surface of the lower leaves of infected plants. The fruit is not affected by this disease, but it is less sweet in taste.

Control: To control it, grow resistant/tolerant varieties, avoid excessive overhead irrigation and irrigate the field late in the morning to dry leaves faster. If infestation is observed, spray Mirador (Azoxystrobin 23% SC) @ 200 ml per acre or Clutch (Metiram 55% + Pyraclostrobin 5% WG) @ 600 -700 gm per acre.

Keep reading Gramophone articles daily for important news related to your life. If you liked today’s information, do not forget to share.

Stem blight disease: – The disease infection appears at the time of maturity of the crop, in this disease also irregular-shaped spots appear on the leaves.

Blight disease: – In this disease dark brown spots appear on the leaves. Irregular spots of purple-black colour appear on the stems and red or brown on the pods. In the severe stage of the disease, the stem starts to become weak.

Proper management of appropriate diseases-

Chemical Management:- Spray Thiophanate Methyl 70% WP [Milduvip] @ 300 gm or Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% WP [CarmaNova] @ 300 gm or Tebuconazole 10% + Sulfur 65% WG [Swadheen] @ 500 gm or Chlorothalonil 75% WP [Jatayu] @ 400 gm/acre.

Biological management: – For biological treatment of all these diseases, spraying of Trichoderma viride @ 500 gm or Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 250 gm/acre can be done.

Drones are a perfect option for spraying in the fields, This saves water and chemicals with less manpower requirement. While spraying with a drone, keep the following things in mind.

Be sure to wear a PPE kit while spraying with a drone, so that the chemicals do not get into the nose and eyes.

Do not smoke while spraying.

Spray pure water (without chemicals) for at least 5 minutes to test the spraying operation.

Be sure to dilute in two steps to completely dissolve the pesticide in the water.

Check the weather conditions for wind speed, humidity and temperature. These conditions affect spray efficiency.

Do not spray at the time of bee pollination.

Ensure proper flight height and speed of the drone along with the amount of water in the tank for effective spraying.

For maximum use of chemicals, an anti-drift nozzle must be used.

In the Cucurbitaceae crops, the attack of fruit flies is mainly seen in the watermelon crop. Which affects the yield by damaging the crop.

The fruit fly lays eggs inside the fruit, and the caterpillar emerges from the egg and eats the pulp of the fruit, which causes the rotting of the fruit. The fruits become twisted, become weak and separate from the vine.

Management :- Spray Fenpropathrin 10% EC [Danitol] @ 400 ml or Profenofos 40% + Cypermethrin 4% EC [ProfeNova] @ 400 ml or Spinosad 45% SC [Tracer] @ 60 ml/acre.

For better management of fruit flies, installed 10 fruit fly traps per acre.

For organic management, use Beauveria bassiana [Bave Curb] @ 250 gm/acre.

It controls weeds and prevents wind erosion in summer.

The attack of pests and diseases on the crop is very less.

Crop/varieties take less time to mature (60-65 days)

In turn, this adds at least 30-50 kg of available nitrogen/ha through rhizobium fixation which can be adjusted while applying fertilizers in the next Kharif season crop.

Cropping intensity increases.

The area and production under pulses can be increased without giving up the cereal crop grown during the Kharif season.

It makes use of residual soil fertility when grown after crops with heavy fertilizer demands such as potatoes, wheat and winter maize.

Climate: Dry and cool weather is favorable for getting good production. 25 to 26 *Centigrade temperature is good for seed germination.

Improved varieties of coriander: Fauja, Surabhi, Raunak-31,

Time of sowing: For green leaves, it can be sown in the month of April-May.

Seed rate: 15-20 kg/ha of seed is required in irrigated crops and 25-30 kg/ha in non-irrigated crops.

Red pumpkin beetle: This bright red-coloured insect makes a sieve-like appearance by feeding on the leaves of the plant, especially in the early stages. Affected leaves split and plant growth is stunted.

Leaf miner: The caterpillar of the insect damages the leaves by making tunnels inside the leaves and eats the chlorophyll, due to which white stripes are formed on the leaves. It mainly damages tomato, sponge gourd, cucumber and cucurbitaceous crops.

Control: For, Spray Neemgold (Azadirachtin 0.3%) 3000 ppm, @ 150 ml, or Benevia (Cytraniliprole 10.26% OD) @ 20 – 25 ml + SilicoMaxx @ 5 ml per 15 liters of water.

Small, irregular yellow or brown spots first appear on the leaves. These spots spread with time and become deep and surround the entire leaf. Small black deep spots also appear on the fruit, which gradually spread. In moist weather, pink spores form in the center of these spots.

To prevent this disease, treat with Vitavax (Carboxin 37.5 + Thiram 37.5) 2.5 gm/kg of seed.

Spray Novaphanate (thiophanate methyl 70% WP) at 300 gm per acre or Jatayu (Chlorothalonil 75 WP) @ 400 gm per acre in 200 litres of water at an interval of 10 days.

For biological control, spray Monas Curb (Pseudomonas fluorescens) @ 500 gm/acre in 200 litres of water.

In a polyhouse, plants can be grown in a controlled environment with less water, limited sunlight, and a minimum amount of pesticides.

In a polyhouse, plants can be grown under different conditions, which are impossible to cultivate in that particular climatic zone. For example, growing strawberries in the plains of India.

External climate does not affect the growth of crops

product quality improves.

It conserves 90% of water in vegetables, fruits and flowers, thereby increasing the shelf life of the produce

Polyhouse also provides a high concentration of Co2 to increase production to the maximum level, due to which polyhouse yield is much higher than open field cultivation.

Water is saved due to drip irrigation.

It can create the right environment for plants in any season.

With the help of polyhouse, crops can be protected from wind, rain, precipitation and other climatic factors.