Gram Salah – Page 665

Storage technique for gram

With about 13 to 15 percent humidity, the harvesting of the crop decreases with fewer grains.
There is a big impact on the presence of chickpeas, e.g. colour.
Visual appearance is often important for its market value.
The harvest should be stored only by cleaning.
Regular monitoring of pulses in storage hygiene, wastewater cooling and storage is very important.
Take special care of moisture in the grain during storage.
The quantity of low moisture can be broken during the harvest and handling.
If the environment is not favorable, the breaking of grain is increasing so decrease the quality and life of the storage of seed and germination of seed.
Grain should be healthy so that the market will get good value in the crop market.

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04/03/2019

Before storage, the grains should be properly dried.
The storehouses should be well ventilated and “pucca” cement concrete or brick made storehouses are recommended.
Maintenance of adequate free space (2-2 ft.) between stacks.
Stacks should be well separated from the wall and ceiling.
Time to time aeration of the storehouse reduces the moisture content and prevents the lesser grain borer growth.
Damp and wet bags should not be used for storing grains.
Grains should be frequently inspected at least once a month during dry season and once a fortnight during rainy season.
The damp and moist grains should be disposed off at earliest or should be removed from the store house to be dried in the sun.
Malathion spray @ 100 mg/square meter is a better choice.
Treating infested grain with dichlorvos @ 0.5 gm/square meter
Mix 10 gram of deltamethrin per liter of water spray in storage house.
Pesticides are poisons so it is essential to follow all safety precaution on labels.

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Gram harvesting

When most of the pod is yellow, then gram must be harvested.
Moisture should be around 15 percent in gram.
When the plant gets dry and the leaves become red brown and the leaves begin to fall, then the crop is ready for harvesting.

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Plants infected with thrips develop spotted appearance on leaves which turn pale-white blotches due to drainage of sap. Due to thrips attack reduces production.
For effective control, spray Profenofos 3 Ml/litre of Water or fipronil 5% SC 3 ml/litre of Water or Thiamethoxam 0.5 Gm/litre of Water after every 10 days interval.

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22/02/2019

Open burning chaff as a method of disposal is worrisome as a result of the associated air pollutants and their effects on air quality and public health.
This also adversely affects the nutrient budget and beneficial microorganism in the soil.
Burning creates severe air pollution on and off farms. People are affected by smoke and polluted air in farming areas and hundreds of kilometers away from farms.
lose of essential moisture in field, Continuous burning of rice straw will lead to severe degradation of the soil in farmers’ fields.
Straw burning releases CO2 — a greenhouse gas — that will aggravate global warming and climate change.
Risk of fires spreading out of control.

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Picking depends upon the purpose for which they are used. Four maturity stages are generally identified.

Green stage: The mature green fruits are generally picked to send them to the distant market.
Pink Stage: At this stage, colour turns to pink or red at the blossom end. They are picked for local market.
Ripe stage: At this stage surface of most of the fruits is red and the softening of fruits begins.
Fully Ripe: At this stage, fruits have approached maximum colour development and are soft. Starch is charged into sugars. They are generally consumed or used for canning and processing.

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White to dirty gray spots or patches appear on leaves which become white powdery as they enlarge.
Fortnightly spray hexaconazole 5% SC @ 300 ml per acre or thiophanate methyl 70% WP @ 400 gm per acre.

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Water soaked lesions appear on undersurface of leaf lamina.
Angular spots appear on upper surface similar to water-soaked lesions.
Lesions appear first on the older leaves and progressively on the younger leaves.
As the lesions expand, they may remain yellow or become dry and brown.
Affected vines do not set fruit properly.
Plucking and destroy of affected leaves.
Spray with Mancozeb 75% WP @ 350-400 gm/acre or Chlorothalonil 75% WP @ 200-250 gm/ acre.
Crop rotation and sanitation reduces the severity of the disease.

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For Kharif season, use seed rate of 8-9 kg/acre whereas for summer season used seed rate of 12-15 kg/acre.

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The crop is harvested when the grains become hard and the straw becomes yellow dry and brittle.
Cereals are harvested at about 15 percent of the moisture in the grain.
Wheat should be yellow at the time of wheat harvest.
Wheat harvesting is done at 110-130 days after sowing.

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