Gram Salah – Page 664

Importance of Iron in Crop Production

Iron (Fe) is essential for crop growth and production. Iron is a component of many enzymes associated with energy transfer, nitrogen reduction, and fixation.
In high pH, soil iron turns into an unavailable form.
Young leaves are chlorotic in iron-deficient plants.
Pale yellow mottling starts at the base of the leaves and spreads upward along the midrib and outward along the veins.
Its deficiency can be corrected by spray @150-200g/acre ferrous sulfate till the chlorotic symptoms do not appear on young leaves.

The flowering stage is most important in bottle gourd.

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Collect and destroy infested fruits.
To prevent egg-laying, fly traps(pheromone trap) can be set up in the field with 1% Methyl Eugenol or Citronella oil or Vinegar or Dextrose or Acetic acid or Lactic acid.
Cover developing fruits with paper or polythene cover immediately after anthesis pollination.
Maize plants grown in rows at a distance of 8-10 cm in the field is effective as flies rest on such tall plants.
Deep plowing to expose hibernating stages.
spray dichlorvos 76% EC 250 to 500ml/acre or
Lambda Cyhalothrin 4.9%CS @ 200 ml/acre. or
Profenofos 40%EC + Cypermethrin 4 %EC @ 400 ml/acre

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Proper water management so that there is no excess moisture on the soil surface.
Saaf (Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% WP) @ 300-400 gm/acre or
Ridomil gold (Metalaxyl 4%+ Mancozeb 64% WP) @ 300-400 gm/acre.
Amistar (Azoxystrobin 23%Sc) @ 200 ml/acre.
Netivo (Tebuconazole50%+Trifloxystrobin 25%WG) can be sprayed @120 gm/acre.
Follow the crop cycle and keep the field clean.

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05/10/2019

Time of Sowing, Spacing and Seed rate of Carrot:-

Time of sowing:- August-September is best time for sowing local (desi) varieties of carrots whereas October-November month is ideal for European varieties.
Seed Rate:- For sowing of one acre land seed rate of 4-5 kg is sufficient.
Spacing:- Use row to row spacing of 45 cm and plant to plant spacing of 7.5 cm.
Sowing Depth:- For good growth, sown seeds at depth of 1.5 cm.

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A basal dose of 12 kg N per acre at planting is sufficient for stimulating early growth.

The higher dose of nitrogen has an adverse effect on nodulation fixation.
The crop gives a good response to phosphorus application as it favors nitrogen fixation by increasing nodule formation. It also increases the yield and quality of pea.
Potassic fertilizers also have an effect in increasing the yield and nitrogen fixation ability of the plant.

General Recommendations:

General recommended fertilizer doses depend upon the:

How much to apply?

06-08 t/acre of well-decomposed FYM is incorporated into the soil.
For the better yield in pea use 10 kg Urea, 50 kg DAP, 15 kg MOP and 6 kg Sulphur 90% per acre during the land preparation use the half quantity of urea and the full quantity of remain fertilizer and remaining quantity of urea used in two split doses during the irrigation.

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Remove the alternate weeds hosts.
Monitor the incidence regularly and look for crawler emergence.
Take up the management at the initial stage to get maximum control.
Wherever necessary use neem based botanical insecticides such as neem oil @ 75 ml per pump or NSKE @ 75 ml per pump.
Use of Dimethoate @ 30 ml/pump or Profenophos @ 40 ml/pump or Buprofezin @ 50 ml/pump may be adopted as an alternative.

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Heavy clustering of mealy bugs usually seen under the surface of leaves as a thick mat with a waxy secretion.
Excrete copious amount of honeydew on which the fungus sooty mold grows.
Affected plants appear sick and black, resulting in reduced fruiting capacity.

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Keeping a potato crop at optimum moisture levels for the duration of the season requires a high degree of management.
There are certain stages of growth where water management is more critical:
1) Emergence Stage
2) Tuber set Stage
3) Bulking up Stage
4) Final crop Stage
5) Pre-harvest irrigation Stage.

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Cloves are sown in September-November in central India.
The selection of cloves is important for garlic planting.
Individual cloves from seed garlic bulbs should be separated but not long before planting.
Twist off the outer skins and take the cloves apart without breaking the basal plate of the cloves, as that makes them unusable for planting.
With hardneck garlic, the remainder of the stem acts as a handy lever for separating the cloves.
Big cloves (>1.5g) should be selected for planting. Small, diseased and damaged cloves should be rejected.
The seed rate for garlic is 160-200 kg/acre.
Selected cloves should be planted vertically 2 cm below the soil surface with the plant to plant spacing of 10 cm and row to row spacing of 15 cm.

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