Gramophone – Page 56

Stem gall fly management in snake gourd

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If it takes six to eight leaves on the plant, make a solution of 1 ml of 0.25-1 ml of 10 liters of ethylene or gibberellic acid and spraying on the vines and flowers will increase the number of female flowers and the number of fruits will be doubled, and this Works for up to 80 days.

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The maggot burrows into the fruits and sucks the sap.
Infested fruits decay and drop.
The fly mainly prefers tender fruits for egg laying.
Ovipositional punctures caused by adults also cause injury on fruits and fruit juices oozes out.
Collect and destroy infested fruits.
To prevent egg laying, fly traps(pheromone trap) can be set up in the field with 1% Methyl Eugenol or Citronella oil or Vinegar or Dextrose or Acetic acid or Lactic acid.
Cover developing fruits with paper or polythene cover immediately after anthesis pollination.
Maize plants grown in rows at a distance of 8-10 cm in cucurbit field is effective as flies rest on such tall plants.
Soil incorporation of Carbaryl 10 % dust can be made in fruit fly endemic areas.
Deep ploughing to expose hibernating stages.
spray dichlorvos 76% EC 250 to 500ml /acer

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Snake gourd grows very fast and vines elongate rapidly within two weeks after planting.
Staking and trellising will increase fruit yield, size, reduce fruit rot and make spraying and harvesting easier.
The trellis should be 1.2-1.8 meter high constructed from stacks 1.2 -1.8 meter apart.

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To make a kharif crop, a deep plowing should be done with soil reversal solution and after 2-3 years after the weeding by cultivating it with a native solution or cultivator, keep the plates in the field and flatten it.
For prevention of termite, the chlorpyriphos 1.5% DP of the powder is 10-15 kg /acre. At the time of preparation of the field should be mixed with soil.
For the cultivation of summer moong, immediately after harvesting rabi crops, the farm should be plucked immediately after 4-5 days.
After plaque, make 2-3 plough and make the farm flat and fried by placing it with a native solution or cultivator. With this, moisture is preserved in it and seeds get good germination.

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Neem oils are most effective against small, soft-bodied insects and mites that are immobile or slow-moving such as thrips, aphids, scales, leafhopper nymphs, and whiteflies.
Apply neem cake@ 40 kg/ acre at sowing and after 30 days.
Spray PNSPE (4%) or neem/Pongamia soap ( 8-10 gm/liter of water) at 10 days interval.

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In this disease, there is an infection in all the parts except the root of the plant.
Early symptoms: Yellowness/greenness is seen on the edges of the leaves of the plant, and the surface filled with spots appear.
The wound is formed on the stem of the plant that is infected with this disease, from which the red-brown, black-colored gummy substance is released.
On the string, brown spots become black spots which later go to the wound.
In bottle gourd seeds have medium-brown, dark spots.

Management:-

Choose healthy seeds.
Inspect transplantation and uproot the infected plants and leave the farm out of the field.
On the appearance of illness, immediately spray chlorothalonil 75% WP @ 350gm / acre or tebuconazole 25.9% EC @ 200 ml / acre solution.

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The affected plants have to be uprooted and destroyed to prevent the spread of the disease.
For effective control of aphid fortnightly spray of acephate 75 % SP @ 300- 400 gm / acre or Imidacloprid 17.8% SL @ 100 ml /acre or acetamiprid 20% SP @ 150-200 gm/ acre.

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Increase micronutrients availability to plant from the soil like Mn, Mg, Fe, Mo, B, Zn and Cu in addition to P2O5.
Encourage faster root growth for water and nutrient uptake.
PSB produce organic acids like malic, succinic, fumaric, citric, tartaric acid and acetic acid which fasten the P2O5 uptake, maturity and increase yield.
Increase resistance towards diseases and drought tolerance due to rapid cell development in the plants.
Reduce 25 – 30% phosphatic fertilizer requirement.

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