Gramophone – Page 686

Water soaked lesions appear on undersurface of leaf lamina.
Angular spots appear on upper surface similar to water-soaked lesions.
Lesions appear first on the older leaves and progressively on the younger leaves.
As the lesions expand, they may remain yellow or become dry and brown.
Affected vines do not set fruit properly.
Plucking and destroy of affected leaves.
Spray with Mancozeb 75% WP @ 350-400 gm/acre or Chlorothalonil 75% WP @ 200-250 gm/ acre.
Crop rotation and sanitation reduces the severity of the disease.

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For Kharif season, use seed rate of 8-9 kg/acre whereas for summer season used seed rate of 12-15 kg/acre.

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The crop is harvested when the grains become hard and the straw becomes yellow dry and brittle.
Cereals are harvested at about 15 percent of the moisture in the grain.
Wheat should be yellow at the time of wheat harvest.
Wheat harvesting is done at 110-130 days after sowing.

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Fruits are ready for harvest in 90 to 120 days from sowing.
Ripe fruits, when thumped with fingers, give out heavy dull sound, whereas the immature fruits give metallic sound.
The change from white to cream or pale yellow of the skin area where the melon has been resting on the soil.
Shriveling of tendrils on nodes to which melons are attached.
Slight ribbing on surface of fruit can indicate maturity in some varieties.

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Green gram can be grown on a variety of soils ranging from sandy loam to black cotton soils having good drainage capacity.
Saline and alkaline soils are not suitable for green gram cultivation.
Green gram is very sensitive to waterlogging conditions.

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Both adults and nymphs damage the crop lacerate the leaf tissue and suck the sap.
Tender shoots, buds, and flowers are attacked as a result they become twisted and deformed, upward curling of leaves.
Spray Dimethoate 30% EC @ 250 ml/acre or Profenophos 50% EC @ 400 ml/acre or Fipronil 5% SC @ 400 ml/acre at fortnightly interval.
Pesticide spraying should be changed at every 15 days interval.

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The best time for sowing of kharif is the first fortnight of July. The best time for Summer Moong cultivation is from March to April.

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For cultivation of moong, the climate should be warm and humid and the temperature of 25-35 ℃.
Green gram is best suited to areas having an annual rainfall of 60 to 75 cm.
The temperature at the time of sowing of moong is considered to be 25-30 ℃.
The temperature at the time of harvesting should be 30-35 ℃.
Green gram is considered to be hardiest among all pulse crops and can tolerate drought to a great extent.
However, water logging and cloudy weather are harmful to the crop.
It is grown in all the three seasons in the country.

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Fruits should be harvesting at tender stage but after attaining full size
White spine colour will be an indication of edible maturity.
For commercial purpose, snake gourd is harvested at immature condition 10-12 days after pollination depending upon the cultivars.
Fruits need to be harvested every second or third day since over mature fruits reduce further fruit set and development of new fruits.

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