Gramophone – Page 681

Muskmelon plants get infected early in the season and they do not produce more fruit.
The first signs of fusarium wilt appear on older leaves. Leaves are yellowing and dry. The symptoms of this disease are most clearly seen during the heat of the day.
Brown cracks are visible in the stem, from which the brown red-coloured exudate.
Use the disease-free seed for sowing.
Plough the fields deep, destroy the weeds and make proper drainage.
For the effective control of fusarium wilt use the Propiconazole 25% EC @ 200 ml/acre or thiophanate-methyl 70 % WP @ 250-500 gm/acre.

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Fungus attack usually starts on the germinating seed, spreading hypocotyls, basal stem and developing taproot.
Infected seedlings appear pale green with brownish water-soaked lesions at the basal portions of the stem.
Raise nursery beds at least 10 cm high.
Treat the seeds with carbendazim @ 2 gm/kg of seed.
To avoid mortality of seedlings due to damping off, drenching of the beds with Mancozeb 75% WP @ 400-600 gm/acre, is effective.

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The use of fertilizers and fertilizers depends on the condition of the soil.
Add farmyard manure @ 4-5 tonnes/acre at the time of field preparation.
Application of 40 kg urea, 45 kg DAP and 40-60 kg muriate of potash per acre at the time of final field preparation.
Apply 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre.

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Raised beds are necessary to avoid problem of water logging in heavy soils.
In sandy soils, however, sowing can be taken up in flat beds.
Raised beds of size 3 x 1 m and 10-15 cm in height are prepared.
About 70 cm distance is kept between two beds to carry out operations of watering, weeding, etc.
The surface of beds should be smooth and well levelled. Well-decomposed FYM or leaf mould may be mixed with the soil at the time of bed preparation.
To avoid mortality of seedlings due to damping off, drenching of the beds with Mancozeb 75% WP @400-600 gm/acre, is effective.

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These boron-deficient leaves show light general chlorosis.
These deficiency symptoms are similar to those caused by calcium deficiency.
The leaves are unusually brittle and tend to break easily.
Also, there is often a wilting of the younger leaves even under an adequate water supply, pointing to a disruption of water transport caused by boron deficiency.
Correction measure: Foliar spray of boron 20% EDTA @ 200 gm/acre.

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Cowpea is sensitive to waterlogging and requires less moisture compared to other vegetables.
Grain types require only 2-3 protective irrigations at flowering and pod development stages.
Water requirement of vegetable type with protected and long fruiting phase is more than grain types.
Harden plants by restricting irrigation during pre-flowering stage.

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Plough 2-3-feet deep and level the ground.
At the time of preparation of the soil, add FYM/compost @ 6-8 t/acre and mix well in the soil.

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Pole types/Climbing type’s varieties are visually trailed to bower or tiles made of bamboo poles and coir or plastic wire.
Erect supports with wooden sticks for trailing plants to bower when plants start vining.
Nipping of excess vegetative growth is a common practice for including flowering and fruiting in bush and semi trailing cowpea varsities especially when there is rain during flowering and fruiting phase.

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Hand weeding is done, when the plants are young.
spray weedicide pendimethalin 30% EC @ 1.2 litres/acre within 72 hours after transplanting + Hand weeding at 30 days after transplanting.

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Diseases are more common in sandy soil.
Destroy infected plants and plant debris.
Use of disease-free seed.
Seed treatment with carbendazim @ 2 gm/kg seeds before sowing.
Use Propiconazole 25% EC @ 80-100 ml/acre when the disease appears on the watermelon plant.

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