Gramophone – Page 676

Termites damage the crop soon after sowing and sometimes near maturity.
They feed on roots, stems of growing plants, even dead tissues of plant-feeding on cellulose.
The damaged plants dry up completely and are easily pulled out.
The plants damaged at later stages give rise to white ears.
Infestation is heavy under unirrigated conditions and in the fields where un-decomposed farmyard manure is applied before sowing.

Avoid late sowing.
Avoid using excessive nitrogen fertilizers.
If the infestation in standing crop, Spray imidacloprid 17.8% SL @ 60-70 ml/acre.
Or apply thiamethoxam 25% WG @ 100 gm + beauveria bassiana 2 kg/acre in soil with fertilizer/Sand/soil before irrigation.

This insect is active from November to February.
Damage is more in the rainfed and late sown crop.
The yellowing of young plants is observed due to root aphids.
In this case minute, yellowish-brown aphids may be present near the base or on the roots of the plant.
Aphids also vector a viral disease name barley yellow dwarf virus (BYD). The yield of infected wheat plants can be reduced by 50%

Apply light irrigation in the evening on the leaves of the plants.
Every year, the use of small amounts of sand in the field reduces the effect of frost in crops.
Dry weed and dry wood burning in the opposite direction of the wind also reduce frost.
Irrigate after spraying Sulfur 90% WDG powder in 3 kg/ acre.
Spray Sulfur 80% WDG powder by mixing it at 40 grams/pump (15 liters of water)
spray pseudomonas fluorescent 1 kg per acre.

Adults are small black and yellow flies.
Larvae exit from the leaf upon completion of their development and pupate in the soil or in the leaf axils on plants.
Females puncture the leaf to feed plant sap and lays eggs within the leaf tissue.
The damage restricts the plant growth, results in reduce bulb yield and loss of vigor.
Tunnels or mines can be seen in the leaves.

Given nutrient sequence are apply –

Nutrition Dose (15 DAS)

Nutrition Dose (30 DAS)

Nutrition Dose (50 DAS)

Repeat irrigation 3 days after for ensuring germination.
Irrigate as per need.
Thereafter irrigate ones in a week during the vegetative phase and 10-15 days during bulb development
Avoid irrigation during bulb maturity. Irrigate 2-3 days before harvest to facilitate easy uprooting.

Remove and destroy disease-affected leaves/plants from crop fields to avoid secondary spread.
Parbhani Kranti, Janardhan, Haritha, Arka Anamika and Arka Abhay can tolerate yellow vein mosaic.
Do not use high fertilizer during plant growth.
Do not roted okra with other hosts of the virus.
If possible, choose early planting to the controlling of yellow mosaic virus disease.
Keep sanitation while using any tools that are using in crop.
Use 4-5 sticky trap/acre to the controlling of whitefly infestation.
Spray imidacloprid 17.8% SL 80 ml/acre for the controlling of whitefly.
Spray dimethoate 30% EC 250 ml/acre of water.

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This is the most important and destructive viral disease in bhindi.
The disease infects at all the stages of crop growth and severely reduces growth and yield.
The disease is transmitted by whitefly.
The characteristic symptoms of the disease are a homogenous interwoven network of yellow veins enclosing islands of green tissues.
Initially, infected leaves exhibit only yellow-colored veins but in the later stages, the entire leaf turns completely yellow.
The fruits of the infected plants exhibit pale yellow color, deformed, small and tough in texture.

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