Tip of the day – Page 8

Precautions while taking sample for soil test

21/04/2025 Monday April 21st, 2025

The soil sample should be taken in such a way that it is representative of the soil of the entire field. For this 500-gram sample to be taken. Use clean tools and put them in a clean bag to avoid contaminating the soil sample.
Do not use any bag which has been used for fertilizers and other chemicals.
Send the soil sample to Gramophone’s laboratory about one month before sowing, so that soil test reports can be received on time And accordingly, fertilizers and soil reformers can be used.
Do not take samples immediately from the field where compost, manure, lime, gypsum and any other soil reformers have been applied.
Do not use metal tools or utensils as they contain iron, zinc and copper. As far as possible, use plastic or wooden tools.
In the field, do not take samples from the place where water remains for a long time.
Sampling should not be done near irrigation channels, under trees or around manure piles.

Control of leaf minor pest in bitter gourd crop

20/04/2025 Monday April 21st, 2025

Pest Identification: The tiny maggot insects are very small, legless, and yellow in colour and adult insects are light yellow in colour.
Symptoms of Damage: Symptoms of its damage first appear on the leaves. The larvae of this insect enter the leaves and make tunnels by eating the green matter. Due to this white spiral stripes appear on the leaves.
The affected plant bears less fruit and leaves fall prematurely. Plant growth stops and plants remain small.
Due to the attack of this insect, the photosynthesis of plants is also affected.
Control: To control this pest, spray Abamectin 1.9% EC [Abacin] @ 150 ml or Spinosad 45% SC [Tracer] @ 60 ml or Cyantraniliprole 10.26% OD [Benevia] @ 250 ml per acre.
As a biological treatment, spray Beauveria bassiana [Bave curb] @ 500 gm/acre.

Save Zayed Moong crop from the outbreak of weeds in this way

19/04/2025 Monday April 21st, 2025

Failure to control weeds in moong crop at the right time can result in reduction of crop yield by 40-60%. In Kharif season crops, narrow leaf weeds such as Sanwa (Echinochloa colonum/Krasgali), Doob grass (Cynodon dactylon) and broad leafed Patharchatta (Tryanthma monogynae), Kanakwa (Commelina benghalensis), Mahkuwa (Ageratum conyzoides), Safed Murg ( Celosia argentea), Hazardana (Phyllanthus niruri), Lahsua (Digera arvensis) and Motha (Cypress rotundus, Cypress eria) etc., emerge in abundance. The critical stage of crop-weed competition lasts for the first 30 to 35 days in moong, so the first weeding should be done on 15-20 days and the second on 35-40 days. This work can be done easily by a device called wheel hoe in the crop sown in row. Apart from this, effective control can also be done by chemical weedicide. Always use a flat fan nozzle for spraying weedicide. And for spraying per acre, use 200 liters of water.

Some major weedicides:

Dost Super @ 700 ml/acre (sprayed within 3 days of sowing)
Weed Block @ 300 ml/acre (15 – 20 days after sowing)
Targa Super @ 400 ml/acre (15-20 days after sowing – narrow leaf weed control)

Do these agricultural work in empty fields in summer

18/04/2025 Monday April 21st, 2025

After harvesting Rabi crops, deep ploughing, soil solarization, soil testing etc. is very beneficial in the summer season when the field remains empty.
Deep ploughing – To get a higher yield from the next crop, it is beneficial to keep the field vacant during the summer season by doing deep ploughing immediately after harvesting of Rabi crop. Summer ploughing is done from April to June, as far as possible, farmers should do summer ploughing with a cultivator/ plough immediately after harvesting of Rabi crop.
Soil solarization- For this, spread a sheet of polythene on the surface of the soil. Due to this, the temperature under the layer increases greatly due to the heat of the soil, due to which the germs of diseases, unnecessary seeds, eggs of insects and moths, etc., are all destroyed. For soil solarization, the best time is from 15 April to 15 May.
Soil test- After harvesting the soil must be tested. Soil testing determines soil pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon as well as deficiencies of major and micronutrients that can be improved over time.

Destroy the eggs of white grub in the summer season like this

17/04/2025 Monday April 21st, 2025

White grubs as the name suggests are white-coloured insects that live as a grub in a field whose dormancy period is in the winter.
They initially damage chilli plant roots.
Symptoms of white grub include a complete withering of the plant or stunting of the growth of the plant resulting in the plant dying.
Usually, this pest should be controlled in the month of June and in the early week of July.
For this, do deep ploughing in summer, use Metarhizium culture [kalichakra] @ 2 kg along with FYM @ 50-75 kg per acre for control of white grub.
But if an infestation of white grub is visible even in the immature stage of the crop, then chemical treatment can also be done to control this pest.
But if an infestation of white grub is visible even in the immature stage of the crop, then chemical treatment can also be done to control this pest.
As a soil application Use FENPROPATHRIN 10% EC [DANITOL] @ 500 ml, CLOTHIANIDIN 50.00% WG [DANTOTSU] @ 100 gm or CHLORPYRIFOS 20 % EC [TRICEL] @ 1 litre/ acre.

Mites infestation in cucurbitaceous crops

16/04/2025 Monday April 21st, 2025

Mites are small and coloured insects that are found in large quantities on soft parts of cucurbitaceous crops such as leaves, flower buds, and twigs.
Webs can be seen on bitter gourds infested with mites.
This insect sucks the tender parts of the plant, weakens them and in the end, the plant dies.
Chemical management:- Propargite 57% Ec [Omite] @ 400 ml/acre or Spiromesifen 22.9% SC [Oberon] @ 200 ml/acre or Abamectin 1.9 % EC [Abacin] @ 150 ml/acre
Biological management:- Use Metarhizium Anisopliae @ 1 kg/acre.

Soil health management is also necessary for polyhouse crops

15/04/2025 Monday April 21st, 2025

In the polyhouse/greenhouse, different types of fertilizers are used continuously for good yield of crops throughout the year.
Because of this, the health of the polyhouse soil starts deteriorating within 3-4 years. In spite of good seeds, proper nutrients and all the precautions, there has been a drastic reduction in the yield and quality of the crop.
Therefore, it is necessary that in order to do scientific farming, farmers should constantly examine the health of the soil and maintain complete information about it.
Correct sampling is very important for soil testing.
The sample is taken from different locations inside the playhouse/greenhouse. Then it is mixed well and divided into four parts.
Repeat this process until the remaining sample weighs half a kilogram.
The samples obtained in this way are sent to the testing centre. And according to the report farm fertilizer is used.

Pod borer damage the green gram crop

14/04/2025 Monday April 14th, 2025

Pod borer is a major pest of the green gram crop which causes heavy damage to the crop.
Its caterpillar is dark in green colour, which later becomes dark brown, this insect damages the crop from the time of flowering till the harvest.
This insect makes a hole in the pod and makes the pod hollow by eating its grains inside.
To control this, spray Emamectin benzoate 5% SG [EmaNova] @ 100 gm or Flubendiamide 39.35% SC [Fame] @ 50 ml or Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC [Cosco] @ 60 ml/acre.
Spray Bavaria bassiana [Bave Curb]@ 250 gm/acre as biological treatment.

Importance of Boron in Cucurbit crops and symptoms of deficiency

13/04/2025 Monday April 14th, 2025

Importance of Boron: It Stabilizes plant tissues and improves crop vigour. Boron works with calcium and also helps in increasing the quality of the crop. Along with this, Boron has a major contribution to making flowers and fruits in crops. It plays a major role in preventing flower and fruit drops and in increasing the size and quality of fruits.

Deficiency Symptoms: The younger leaves of the plant are smaller than normal and may be curled. Yellowing proceeds from the marginal area between the veins towards the centre. The youngest leaves show necrotic tips. Growing points dieback and flowering and fruit set is poor. Also, flexibility is necessary for the proper development of fruit but due to the deficiency of Boron, there is hardness in the fruit skin and due to which the cracks appear on the fruits.

Importance of shade house for vine crops

12/04/2025 Monday April 14th, 2025

A Shade house is a structure made of webs or other woven materials,
In which necessary sunlight, moisture and air can enter from open spaces. This creates a suitable microenvironment for the growth of the plants.
It helps in the cultivation of vegetables, and plants.
Used to protect from insect attack.
Provides protection against natural attacks of weather such as thunderstorms, rain, hail and frost.
Used to reduce the mortality of plants during summer.
It is also used for the strengthening of tissue culture plants.

The soil sample should be taken in such a way that it is representative of the soil of the entire field. For this 500-gram sample to be taken. Use clean tools and put them in a clean bag to avoid contaminating the soil sample.

Do not use any bag which has been used for fertilizers and other chemicals.

Send the soil sample to Gramophone’s laboratory about one month before sowing, so that soil test reports can be received on time And accordingly, fertilizers and soil reformers can be used.

Do not take samples immediately from the field where compost, manure, lime, gypsum and any other soil reformers have been applied.

Do not use metal tools or utensils as they contain iron, zinc and copper. As far as possible, use plastic or wooden tools.

In the field, do not take samples from the place where water remains for a long time.

Sampling should not be done near irrigation channels, under trees or around manure piles.

Pest Identification: The tiny maggot insects are very small, legless, and yellow in colour and adult insects are light yellow in colour.

Symptoms of Damage: Symptoms of its damage first appear on the leaves. The larvae of this insect enter the leaves and make tunnels by eating the green matter. Due to this white spiral stripes appear on the leaves.

The affected plant bears less fruit and leaves fall prematurely. Plant growth stops and plants remain small.

Due to the attack of this insect, the photosynthesis of plants is also affected.

Control: To control this pest, spray Abamectin 1.9% EC [Abacin] @ 150 ml or Spinosad 45% SC [Tracer] @ 60 ml or Cyantraniliprole 10.26% OD [Benevia] @ 250 ml per acre.

As a biological treatment, spray Beauveria bassiana [Bave curb] @ 500 gm/acre.

Some major weedicides:

Dost Super @ 700 ml/acre (sprayed within 3 days of sowing)

Weed Block @ 300 ml/acre (15 – 20 days after sowing)

Targa Super @ 400 ml/acre (15-20 days after sowing – narrow leaf weed control)

After harvesting Rabi crops, deep ploughing, soil solarization, soil testing etc. is very beneficial in the summer season when the field remains empty.

Soil test- After harvesting the soil must be tested. Soil testing determines soil pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon as well as deficiencies of major and micronutrients that can be improved over time.

White grubs as the name suggests are white-coloured insects that live as a grub in a field whose dormancy period is in the winter.

They initially damage chilli plant roots.

Symptoms of white grub include a complete withering of the plant or stunting of the growth of the plant resulting in the plant dying.

Usually, this pest should be controlled in the month of June and in the early week of July.

For this, do deep ploughing in summer, use Metarhizium culture [kalichakra] @ 2 kg along with FYM @ 50-75 kg per acre for control of white grub.

But if an infestation of white grub is visible even in the immature stage of the crop, then chemical treatment can also be done to control this pest.

But if an infestation of white grub is visible even in the immature stage of the crop, then chemical treatment can also be done to control this pest.

As a soil application Use FENPROPATHRIN 10% EC [DANITOL] @ 500 ml, CLOTHIANIDIN 50.00% WG [DANTOTSU] @ 100 gm or CHLORPYRIFOS 20 % EC [TRICEL] @ 1 litre/ acre.

Mites are small and coloured insects that are found in large quantities on soft parts of cucurbitaceous crops such as leaves, flower buds, and twigs.

Webs can be seen on bitter gourds infested with mites.

This insect sucks the tender parts of the plant, weakens them and in the end, the plant dies.

Chemical management:- Propargite 57% Ec [Omite] @ 400 ml/acre or Spiromesifen 22.9% SC [Oberon] @ 200 ml/acre or Abamectin 1.9 % EC [Abacin] @ 150 ml/acre

Biological management:- Use Metarhizium Anisopliae @ 1 kg/acre.

In the polyhouse/greenhouse, different types of fertilizers are used continuously for good yield of crops throughout the year.

Because of this, the health of the polyhouse soil starts deteriorating within 3-4 years. In spite of good seeds, proper nutrients and all the precautions, there has been a drastic reduction in the yield and quality of the crop.

Therefore, it is necessary that in order to do scientific farming, farmers should constantly examine the health of the soil and maintain complete information about it.

Correct sampling is very important for soil testing.

The sample is taken from different locations inside the playhouse/greenhouse. Then it is mixed well and divided into four parts.

Repeat this process until the remaining sample weighs half a kilogram.

The samples obtained in this way are sent to the testing centre. And according to the report farm fertilizer is used.

Pod borer is a major pest of the green gram crop which causes heavy damage to the crop.

Its caterpillar is dark in green colour, which later becomes dark brown, this insect damages the crop from the time of flowering till the harvest.

This insect makes a hole in the pod and makes the pod hollow by eating its grains inside.

To control this, spray Emamectin benzoate 5% SG [EmaNova] @ 100 gm or Flubendiamide 39.35% SC [Fame] @ 50 ml or Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC [Cosco] @ 60 ml/acre.

Spray Bavaria bassiana [Bave Curb]@ 250 gm/acre as biological treatment.

A Shade house is a structure made of webs or other woven materials,

In which necessary sunlight, moisture and air can enter from open spaces. This creates a suitable microenvironment for the growth of the plants.

It helps in the cultivation of vegetables, and plants.

Used to protect from insect attack.

Provides protection against natural attacks of weather such as thunderstorms, rain, hail and frost.

Used to reduce the mortality of plants during summer.

It is also used for the strengthening of tissue culture plants.