Factors Affecting storage of Onion and Garlic

20/12/2017Posted on

Factors Affecting Storage of Onion and Garlic :-

Selection of Varieties:- The storage capacity of all varieties is not uniform. The varieties of onion produced in kharif are not sustainable. In the Rabi season varieties of onion are usually stored for 4-5 months.It can be less or more according to the variety.Experiences of the last 10-15 years show that N-2-4-2, Agrifound Light Red, Arka Niketan etc. varieties can be stored well for 4-5 months. Garlic Variety G-1, G-2, G 50 and G-323 etc. can be stored for 6 to 8 months.

Fertilizer and Water Management:- The  quantity and type of fertilizer and water management effects on the storage of garlic and Onion. Apply FYM increase storage capacity. Therefore it is necessary to use more quantity of FYM or green manure. Recommended dose of Nitrogen @ 150 Kg, Phosphorus @ 50 Kg and Potash @ 50 Kg per hectare for Onion and Garlic Cultivation. If possible, all nitrogen dose should be given through organic fertilizers and should be given before 60 days after  transplantation. By giving late nitrogen, the stems (neck) of the plants become thick and the onion does not store and there is more outbreaks of fungal diseases, as well as sprouting. Potassium amount 50 Kg raised from 80 kg Per hectare should be given. For the use of ammonium sulphate, single super phosphate or potassium sulphate, the plants get adequate quantity of sulfur after transplantation.

Atmosphere of storage room:- Temperatures and relative humidity are important factors for the storage of onions and garlic for longer periods. More humidity (more than 70%) is the biggest enemy of onion storage.This increases the wrath of the fungus and the onion starts rotting. And when the humidity is low (more than 65%), the transpiration of onion is high and the weight decreases more.For good storage, the storage houses are 25-30 °C and humidity should be between 65-70 percent. In the months of May-June, due to high temperature and reduced humidity of the warehouses, weight loss is high. Moisture is more than 70 percent from July to September. This increases the rot. At the same time, in the October-November low temperature, the problem of sprouting increases.

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Use of growth regulators in Watermelon

19/12/2017Posted on

Use of growth regulators in Watermelon:- For hormonal remedies in watermelon, they should use the same hormone which is beneficial for the watermelon crop and whose effect is not harmful on the watermelon crop and if increases the number of female flowers which provide fruit in watermelon. To achieve maximum production, hormone treatment is Important in this crop for this purpose, which is necessary for its production. At 2-4 leaf stage of watermelon, spraying of ethyl 250 PPM (4 ml / pump) solution, increases the number of female flowers, and yields more.

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Role of Calcium in Plants

19/12/2017Posted on

Role of Calcium in Plants:- Calcium is an essential plant nutrient. It has many roles:

  • Participates in metabolic processes of other nutrients uptake.
  • Promotes proper plant cell elongation.
  • Strengthen cell wall structure – calcium is an essential part of plant cell wall. It forms calcium pectate compounds which give stability to cell walls and bind cells together.
  • Participates in enzymatic and hormonal processes.
  • Helps in protecting the plant against heat stress – calcium improves stomata function and participates in induction of heat shock proteins.
  • Helps in protecting the plant against diseases – numerous fungi and bacteria secret enzymes which impair plant cell wall. Stronger Cell walls, induced by calcium, can avoid the invasion.
  • Affects fruit quality.
  • Has a role in the regulation of the stomata.

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Management of Pea Pod Borer

18/12/2017Posted on

Pea Pod Borer:- The larva of this insect cuts the pedicel of the flower and feeds on the stalk. Single larva damages many flower stalks. The larva feed on the leaves initially stage then bore in to the basal portion of stalks and inter the pod feeds on soft grains.

Management:- Plough deeply, Clean cultivation to expose the resting pupae. Trap cropping with crops likes Tomato and destroying them when the population is high and mechanically remove the adults and larvae from the trap crop. Use of inter crops like maize cow pea and brinjal significantly helps in reducing the pest population. Install the bird perches in the field. Application of HaNPV at the rate of 100 LE per acre along with 0.5 % jiggery and 0.1% boric acid at egg hatch stage and repeat at 15-20 days. Use of chemicals should comprise 2.00 ml profenophos 50 EC per litre of water as ovicides. Spraying neem seed kernel extract 5% in the early stage. If the infestation is sevre, spraying 0.5 ml Indoxacarb 14.5% SC or 0.1 ml Spinosad 45 SC or 2.5 ml Chlorpyriphos 20 EC can be applied.

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Healthy Potato Crop due to Sulphur Application

17/12/2017Posted on

Farmer Name:- Suresh patidar

Village:- Kanardi

Tehsil:- Tarana

District:- Ujjain

State:- Madhya Pradesh

Farmer Bhai Suresh Ji planted Chipsona-3 potatoes in two acres in which he used sulfur 90% WDG at the rate of 6 kg / acre, which gave him good results. Sulphur is an important component of enzyme and other proteins and is essential for the formation of chlorophyll. It is recommended to give the soil preparation time of 20 kg / Ha. sulphur.

 

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Role of Potassium In Plant Growth

16/12/2017Posted on

Potassium (K) essentially plays a major role in plant physiological processes. Therefore, it is required in large amounts for proper growth and reproduction in plants. It is considered vital after nitrogen as far as nutrients needed by plants is concerned. It is also termed “the quality nutrient” for its contributing factor in a number of biological and chemical processes in plants. Potassium has many different roles in plants:

  • In Photosynthesis, potassium regulates the opening and closing of stomata, and therefore regulates CO2 uptake.
  • Potassium triggers activation of enzymes and is essential for production of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). ATP is an important energy source for many chemical processes taking place in plant issues.
  • Potassium plays a major role in the regulation of water in plants (osmo-regulation). Both uptake of water through plant roots and its loss through the stomata are affected by potassium.
  • Known to improve drought resistance.
  • Protein and starch synthesis in plants require potassium as well. Potassium is essential at almost every step of the protein synthesis. In starch synthesis, the enzyme responsible for the process is activated by potassium.
  • Activation of enzymes – potassium has an important role in the activation of many growth related enzymes in plants.

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Irrigation Water quality

15/12/2017Posted on

The water quality used for irrigation is essential for the yield and quantity of crops, maintenance of soil productivity, and protection of the environment. For example, the physical and mechanical properties of the soil, ex. soil structure (stability of aggregates) and permeability are very sensitive to the type of exchangeable ions present in irrigation waters.

Irrigation water quality can best be determined by chemical laboratory analysis. The most important factors to determine the suitability of water use in agriculture are the following:

  • PH
  • Salinity Hazard
  • Sodium Hazard (Sodium Adsorption Ration or SAR)
  • Carbonate and bicarbonates in relation with the Ca & Mg Content
  • Other trace elements
  • Toxic anions
  • Nutrients
  • Free chlorine

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Role of Phosphorus in Plants

14/12/2017Posted on

Phosphorus (P) is essential for all living organisms. Plants must have phosphorus for normal growth and maturity. Phosphorus plays a role in photosynthesis, respiration, energy storage and transfer, cell division, cell enlargement and several other processes in plants. Phosphorus is a vital component of DNA, the genetic “memory unit” of all living things. Phosphorus is a vital component of ATP, the “energy unit” of plants. Thus, phosphorus is essential for the general health and vigour of all plants. Some specific growth factors that have been associated with phosphorus are:

  • Stimulated root development
  • Increased stalk and stem strength
  • Improved flower formation and seed production
  • More uniform and earlier crop maturity
  • Increased nitrogen N-fixing capacity of legumes
  • Improvements in crop quality
  • Increased resistance to plant diseases
  • Supports development throughout entire life cycle

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Subsidy on Agricultural Machinery and Equipments Part-2

13/12/2017Posted on

Subsidy on Agricultural Machinery and Equipments Part-2

Name of Agri Machinery Maximum allowable grant (For SC, ST, small and Marginal farmer, Women etc.) Maximum allowable grant ( for others)
Land Development, Ploughing and seed bed preparation equipments
MB Plough, Disc plough, Cultivator,  Harrow, Leveller blade , Cage wheel, Furrow opener, Ridger ,  Weed slasher,    Laser Land Leveller, mechanical reversible plough 1)     Below 20 BHP 15000/- Rs.2)    20-35 BHP 19000/- Rs. 1).  Below 20 BHP 12000/-Rs.2.) 20-35 BHP 15000/- Rs.
Rotavator, Roto pedal,  reversible hydraulic  plough 1)    Below 20 BHP 35000/-Rs.2)    20-35 BHP 44000/- Rs. 1)    Below 20 BHP 28000/-Rs.2)    20-35 BHP 35000/- Rs.
Diesel Plough Machine Below 20 BHP 8000/-Rs 20-35 BHP 10000/-Rs. Below 20 BHP 6000/-Rs.20-35 BHP 8000/-Rs.
Sowing, Transplanting , Harvesting and Digging Equipments
Zero till seed cum fertilizer drill,  Raised bed planter, Seed drill, Potato digger, Tractor operated reaper, Onion harvester,  post hole digger, Potato Planter, Ground nut digger, Strip till drill, Rice straw chopper, Sugarcane cutter/ stripper/planter, Multi Crop Planter, Zero till multi crop Planter, Ridge furrow planter 1)    Below 20 BHP 15000/- Rs.2)    20-35 BHP 19000/-Rs. 1). Below 20 BHP 12000/-Rs..2.) 20-35 BHP 15000/- Rs..
turbo seeder menumetric, Menumetric Vegetable transplanter, Menumetric Vegetable Seeder, Happy seeder, Aqua ferti seed drill, Raised bed planter, Mulcher Plastic Mulch laying Machine, Seed treatment Drum, seed cum Fertilizer drill 1)    Below 20 BHP  35000/- Rs.2)    20-35 BHP 44000/-Rs. 1)    Below 20 BHP 28000/- Rs2)    20-35 BHP 35000/- Rs.
Inter cultural Equipments
 Graas/weed/slasher, Reaper straw chopper 1)    Below 20 BHP 15000/- Rs. 2)    20-35 BHP 19000/-Rs 1).Below 20 BHP 12000/-Rs.2.) 20-35 BHP 15000/- Rs.
Power weeder (Engine Operated ) 1)    Below 2 HP 15000/-Rs.2)    Above 2 HP 19000/-Rs. 1). Below 2 HP 15000/-Rs.2.) Above 2 HP 19000/-Rs
Harvesting and threshing Equipments (Engine / electric motor below 3 HP and Tractor operated Below 20 BHP)
 Ground nut pod stripper,  Thresher/ multi crop thresher, Paddy thresher, Chaff Cater,  Brush cater, Winnowing fan 20,000/-Rs. 

 

 16,000/- Rs.
Harvesting and threshing Equipments (Engine / electric motor below 3-5 HP and Tractor operated Below 20-35 BHP)
Reaper, Mower, Maize Sheller, Spiral Grader, Infielder, Mower shredder chaff cater  20,000/- to 25,000/- 16,000/- to 20,000/- Rs.
Equipment for waste/ Hay and Forage management
Sugarcane thresh cater, Hay rack,  Wood Chippers, Sugarcane ratoon Manager, Cotton stalk uprooter, straw reaper 1) Below 2 HP 15000/-Rs.. 2)    Above 2 HP 19000/- Rs 1). Below 2 HP 15000/-Rs2.) Above 2 HP   19000/- Rs.

For more information contact to SHDO/ SADO at Horticulture Deptt./Agri Deptt.

http://mpkrishi.mp.gov.in/hindisite/suvidhaye.aspx

http://www.mphorticulture.gov.in/schemes.php

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Role of nitrogen in plants

08/12/2017Posted on

Role of nitrogen in plants:- Nitrogen is so vital because it is a major component of chlorophyll, the compound by which plants use sunlight energy to produce sugars from water and carbon dioxide (i.e., photosynthesis). It is also a major component of amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. Without proteins, plants wither and die. Some proteins act as structural units in plant cells while others act as enzymes, making possible many of the biochemical reactions on which life is based. Nitrogen is a component of energy-transfer compounds, such as ATP (adenosine triphosphate). ATP allows cells to conserve and use the energy released in metabolism. Finally, nitrogen is a significant component of nucleic acids such as DNA, the genetic material that allows cells (and eventually whole plants) to grow and reproduce. Without nitrogen, there would be no life as we know it.

 

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