• Climate: This is the most important factor in cropping patterns. Climate determines which crop will provide good yield in which area. The crop production capacity of an area mainly depends on the climatic and soil condition of the region.

• Soil: Soil is also an important factor in cropping patterns. Each soil has some special properties which are more suitable for the production of a particular crop. Similarly, the soil of an area is more fertile and the soil of some area is less fertile.

• Rainfall: Due to less or more rainfall, the crop is affected a lot because some crops suffer from fungal diseases due to excessive rainfall and some crops are not able to germinate well due to less rainfall. If there is no rain and there is a shortage of water while filling the grain, then the grain does not fill and there is a decrease in the yield.

• Temperature: Temperature plays an important role in the growth of plants. It controls the physical process of plant metabolism. If the temperature is too low or too high, the growth of the crop will be affected.

• Irrigation: Irrigation is an important factor among non-physical factors. We can compensate for the lack of rainfall by irrigation. We can manage irrigation by building canals. With an irrigation facility, production per hectare can be increased.

• Seed: The quality of seeds also plays an important role in cropping patterns. Sowing high yielding seeds can make significant improvements to an agro-economy like India. Area-specific yields can be increased by 10 to 20 percent with improved seeds.

• Fertilizers: Fertilizers help in increasing the production of food grains by increasing the fertility of the soil. Agricultural yields increase in areas where balanced fertilizers are used.

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