Boron deficiency in tomato

  • These boron-deficient leaves show light general chlorosis.
  • These deficiency symptoms are similar to those caused by calcium deficiency.
  • The leaves are unusually brittle and tend to break easily.
  • Also, there is often a wilting of the younger leaves even under an adequate water supply, pointing to a disruption of water transport caused by boron deficiency.
  • Correction measure: Foliar spray of boron 20% EDTA @ 200 gm/acre.

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How to improve flowering in muskmelon

  • We can promote flowering and takes high yield through given below products.
  • Spray Homobrassinolide 0.04% W/w 100-120 ml/acre.
  • Apply seaweed extract 180-200 ml/acre.
  • Use multi-Micro nutrients 300 Gm/acre.

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Boron deficiency symptoms and control in watermelon

  • Young leaves are smaller than normal and may be curled.
  • Yellowing proceeds from the marginal area between the veins towards the center.
  • The youngest leaves show necrotic tips.
  • Stems can crack due to the low cell strength.
  • Plants are stunted or dwarfed as the internodes are shortened.
  • Growing points die back.
  • Flowering and fruit set is poor.
  • Fruits are distorted with a poor skin finish.
  • Hollow heart is more common.
  • Deficiencies usually occur when soil moisture contents are too high, or under conditions of high pH.

Control :-

  • Use of calcium nitrate with added boron fertliizer @ 25 kg/acre.
  • Use of phosphate solubilizing bacteria @ 4 kg per acre.
  • Spray of boron 20% @ 200 gm per acre twice in 10 days at flowering stage.

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Flower promotion nutrients in watermelon

  • The flowering stage is most important in watermelon.
  • The flowering is played a vital role in the production of watermelon.
  • A flowering stage comes 40-45 days after seed sowing.
  • We can promote flowering and takes high yield through given below products.
  • Spray Homobrassinolide 0.04% W/w 100-120 ml/acre.
  • Apply seaweed extract 180-200 ml./acre.
  • Use multi-Micro nutrients 300 Gm/acre.
  • Spray 2 gm/acre gibberellic acid.

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Role of Copper in Plant

Role of Copper in Plant:- Copper is a highly essential component to healthy plant growth. Among other things, it plays a part in several enzyme processes and is key to the formation of chlorophyll.

Function of Copper: Copper activates some enzymes in plants which are involved in lignin synthesis and it is essential in several enzyme systems. It is also required in the process of photosynthesis, is essential in plant respiration and assists in plant metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins. Copper also serves to intensify flavor and color in vegetables and color in flowers.

Deficiency: Copper is immobile, meaning its deficiency symptoms occur in the newer leaves. Symptoms vary depending on the crop. Typically, the symptoms start as cupping and a slight chlorosis of either the whole leaf or between the veins of the new leaves. Within the chlorotic areas of the leaf, small necrotic spots may form, especially on the leaf margins. As the symptoms progress, the newest leaves are smaller in size, lose their sheen and in some cases the leaves may wilt. The apical meristems may become necrotic and die, inhibiting the growth of lateral branches. Plants typically have a compact appearance as the stem length between the leaves shortens. Flower color is often lighter than normal.

Excess potassium, phosphorus or other micronutrients can indirectly cause copper deficiency. Also if the pH of the growing medium is high, this can induce a copper deficiency as it is less available for plant uptake.

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Importance of Manganese in Plant growth

Importance of Manganese in Plant growth:- Manganese (Mn) is an essential plant mineral nutrient, playing a key role in several physiological processes, particularly photosynthesis. Manganese (Mn) is required by plants in the second greatest quantity compared to iron. Numerous crop species have been reported to show high susceptibility to Mn deficiency in soils, or a very positive response to Mn fertilization, including cereal crops (wheat, barley and oats), legumes (beans, peas and soybean), stone fruits (apples, cherries and peaches), palm crops, citrus, potatoes, and sugar beets etc. The impact of Mn deficiencies on these crops includes reduced dry matter production and yield, weaker structural resistance against pathogens and a reduced tolerance to drought and heat stress.

Function: Manganese is used in plants as a major contributor to various biological systems including photosynthesis, respiration, and nitrogen assimilation. Manganese is also involved in pollen germination, pollen tube growth, root cell elongation and resistance to root pathogens.

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Role of zinc in Plants

Role of zinc in Plants:- Zinc, one of the eight essential micronutrients and an important constituent of several enzymes and proteins, is only needed by plants in small quantities. However, it is crucial to plant development, as it plays a significant part in a wide range of processes. The Zn deficiency is becoming more critical more than 40 per cent yield losses can have major economical impact on the farmer due to reduce income.

Function of Zinc: Zinc activates enzymes that are responsible for the synthesis of certain proteins. It is used in the formation of chlorophyll and some carbohydrates, conversion of starches to sugars and its presence in plant tissue helps the plant to withstand cold temperatures. Zinc is essential in the formation of auxins, which help with growth regulation and stem elongation.

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Role of Boron in Plants

Role of Boron in Plants:- Boron (B) is not required by plants in high amounts, but can cause serious growth problems if it is not supplied at appropriate levels. Boron is different from other micronutrients in that there is no chlorosis associated with its deficiency; however it does have similar toxicity symptoms as other micronutrients.

Function: Boron is used with calcium in cell wall synthesis and is essential for cell division (creating new plant cells). Boron requirements are much higher for reproductive growth so it helps with pollination, fruit and seed development. Other functions include translocation of sugars and carbohydrates, nitrogen metabolism, formation of certain proteins, regulation of hormone levels and transportation of potassium to stomata (which helps regulate internal water balance). Since boron helps transport sugars, its deficiency causes a reduction of exudates and sugars from plant roots, which can reduce the attraction and colonization of mycorrhizal fungi.

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