Fungicide – Gramophone

Management of powdery mildew in green gram crop

Usually this disease affects the leaves of the green gram crop, invading the lower and upper part of the leaves.
Yellow to white powder appears on the upper and lower surface of the leaves of green gram.
For managing them use, Azoxystrobin 11% + tebuconazole 18.3% SC @ 300 ml /acre or Azoxystrobin @ 300 ml/acre
Spray: Trichoderma viride @ 500 gram/acre + Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 250 gram/acre as a biological treatment

Use good quality water to prepare spray fluid
Prepare the spray drum in a clean drum or plastic buckets.
insecticide and fungicide should not be mixed together.
Also, do not spray in the afternoon and do not spray even when the wind is blowing. Do spraying in the morning only because in the afternoon there is a movement of bees, keeping these things in mind, you can not only protect yourself but also protect the environment.
While using pesticides, it should be noted that there is no leakage in the equipment. Never try to slurp on a pesticide device. Liquid pesticides should be put in the device carefully and it should be taken care of not to enter any part of the body. If this happens, one must wash several times with clean water immediately.
The remaining pesticide should be stored safely. Keep its chemicals out of the reach of children, old people, and animals. Empty containers of pesticides should not be used for any other purpose. They should be broken and pressed into the soil. No humans or animals should be allowed in the sprayed field after spraying the pesticide.
Ensure spraying direction in the field and spray the same quantity
Do not use more than the required amount of pesticides.

Management of early blight in Potato:-

Diseased plant parts should be destroyed properly, Avoid irrigation in cool cloudy weather and time irrigation to allow plants time to dry before nightfall.
Maintain good soil fertility and crop vigor, Harvest when skin is mature to avoid bruising and in turn infection of tubers.
Spray 2 gm Mancozeb 75 WP + 10 gm urea per litre of water at 15 days interval when symptoms start or Carbendazim 12%+ Mancozeb 63% WP @ 50 Gm/15 litre water or Copper oxychloride 50% WP@ 50 Gm/ 15 litre water.

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23/10/2019

Management of Downy Mildew in Onions:-

Symptoms:-

Violet colour fungus on the surface of leaves or flower stalk, which later becomes pale greenish yellow colour.
Finally, the leaves or seed stalks collapses.
The disease is worst in damp condition, late planting and application of higher doses of fertilizer and numerous irrigation.

Control

Onion bulb used for seed crop should be exposed to sunlight for 12 days to destroy the fungus.
Spray with Mancozeb + Metalxyl or Carbendazim + Mancozeb @ 400 Gm/Acre at fort night interval.

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Initially yellowing of leaves and stunted growth of the plant is observed, which later on dry from tip to downwards.
In the early stage of infection, the roots of the plants become pink in colour and rotting take place later. In the advanced stage, the bulb starts decaying from lower ends and ultimately the whole plant dies.
Survival and spread:- Pathogen survives in soil and garlic bulb as a primary source of inoculum in the form of Chlamydospore, resting spore) for many years.
Favourable conditions:- Moist soil and 27 °C temperature favours the development of disease.

Leaves, stems and pods of cowpea are susceptible to infection.
Small reddish-brown, slightly sunken spots form on the pods and rapidly develop into large, dark-sunken lesion.
In moist weather, masses of pink spores develop on these lessons.
Infection of the leaves causes blacking along the veins particularly on the under surface.
Use disease free certified seed.
Do not grow cowpea for at least two years in the same land that has carried on infected crop.
Remove and destroy the disease infected cowpea plants to check the spread of disease.
Treat the seeds with carboxin 37.5 +thiram 37.5% @ 2.5 gm / kg seed.
Weekly spray with mancozeb 75% WP@ 400-600/acre.

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23/03/2019

Initially, the plants show temporary wilting symptoms which become permanent and progressive.
The leaves of the affected plants show yellowing, loose turgidity and show drooping symptoms.
Eventually, the plants die.
Cutting the base of the stem revel a dark woody portion.
Continuous cultivation of okra on the same piece of land should be avoided.
Crop rotation should be applied in case of fields are severely infected.
Spray of thiophanate methyl 70% WP @ 200-300 gm /acre.
And spray of hexaconazole 5% EC @ 250-400 ml/acre is also effective.

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Infected fruit tissue is water-soaked and dark-green at first; later white mycelium and sporangia develop on the surface of the affected area and, within several days, consume the entire fruit.
Fruit affected by these fungi dry rapidly and shrivel but do not drop.
Remove and destroy affected fruits.
Spraying Mancozeb 75% WP @ 400 gm/acre or Tebuconazole 25.9% EC @ 250 gm/ acre.

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Muskmelon plants get infected early in the season and they do not produce more fruit.
The first signs of fusarium wilt appear on older leaves. Leaves are yellowing and dry. The symptoms of this disease are most clearly seen during the heat of the day.
Brown cracks are visible in the stem, from which the brown red-coloured exudate.
Use the disease-free seed for sowing.
Plough the fields deep, destroy the weeds and make proper drainage.
For the effective control of fusarium wilt use the Propiconazole 25% EC @ 200 ml/acre or thiophanate-methyl 70 % WP @ 250-500 gm/acre.

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