Disease – Page 2 – Gramophone

Control of anthracnose in cowpea

Leaves, stems and pods of cowpea are susceptible to infection.
Small reddish-brown, slightly sunken spots form on the pods and rapidly develop into large, dark-sunken lesion.
In moist weather, masses of pink spores develop on these lessons.
Infection of the leaves causes blacking along the veins particularly on the under surface.
Use disease free certified seed.
Do not grow cowpea for at least two years in the same land that has carried on infected crop.
Remove and destroy the disease infected cowpea plants to check the spread of disease.
Treat the seeds with carboxin 37.5 +thiram 37.5% @ 2.5 gm / kg seed.
Weekly spray with mancozeb 75% WP@ 400-600/acre.

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23/03/2019

Initially, the plants show temporary wilting symptoms which become permanent and progressive.
The leaves of the affected plants show yellowing, loose turgidity and show drooping symptoms.
Eventually, the plants die.
Cutting the base of the stem revel a dark woody portion.
Continuous cultivation of okra on the same piece of land should be avoided.
Crop rotation should be applied in case of fields are severely infected.
Spray of thiophanate methyl 70% WP @ 200-300 gm /acre.
And spray of hexaconazole 5% EC @ 250-400 ml/acre is also effective.

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Infected fruit tissue is water-soaked and dark-green at first; later white mycelium and sporangia develop on the surface of the affected area and, within several days, consume the entire fruit.
Fruit affected by these fungi dry rapidly and shrivel but do not drop.
Remove and destroy affected fruits.
Spraying Mancozeb 75% WP @ 400 gm/acre or Tebuconazole 25.9% EC @ 250 gm/ acre.

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Muskmelon plants get infected early in the season and they do not produce more fruit.
The first signs of fusarium wilt appear on older leaves. Leaves are yellowing and dry. The symptoms of this disease are most clearly seen during the heat of the day.
Brown cracks are visible in the stem, from which the brown red-coloured exudate.
Use the disease-free seed for sowing.
Plough the fields deep, destroy the weeds and make proper drainage.
For the effective control of fusarium wilt use the Propiconazole 25% EC @ 200 ml/acre or thiophanate-methyl 70 % WP @ 250-500 gm/acre.

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Fungus attack usually starts on the germinating seed, spreading hypocotyls, basal stem and developing taproot.
Infected seedlings appear pale green with brownish water-soaked lesions at the basal portions of the stem.
Raise nursery beds at least 10 cm high.
Treat the seeds with carbendazim @ 2 gm/kg of seed.
To avoid mortality of seedlings due to damping off, drenching of the beds with Mancozeb 75% WP @ 400-600 gm/acre, is effective.

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Diseases are more common in sandy soil.
Destroy infected plants and plant debris.
Use of disease-free seed.
Seed treatment with carbendazim @ 2 gm/kg seeds before sowing.
Use Propiconazole 25% EC @ 80-100 ml/acre when the disease appears on the watermelon plant.

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Choose healthy and disease-free seeds for sowing.
Irrigate only if needed and avoid giving extra water.
Avoid excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers, as more nitrogen can be responsible for the development of the disease.
When disease occurs on coriander plant then spray copper oxychloride 50% WP @ 400 -500 gram per acre.

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In this disease, the seeds fail either to exit the soil or fall immediately after emergence.
Before the sowing of coriander, destroy the old crop residues and weeds through deep ploughing.
Use disease-free seed and resistance variety.
Treat the seed before sowing with carboxin 37.5% + thiram 37.5% @ 2 gm/kg seed.
drenching with thiophanate methyl 70% WP 300 gm/acre.

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Wilting, stunting, yellowing of the foliage and finally collapse of the entire plant take place.
Lower leaves may drop first before wilting.
Segment of the lower stem is cut and squeezed bacterial ooze.
Develops adventitious roots from the stem.
Crop rotation with cruciferous vegetable, marigold, and paddy is recommended.
Apply of bleaching powder @ 6 kg/acre before planting.
Use streptomycin sulphate I.P. 90% w/w + Tetracycline Hydrochloride I.P. 10 %w/w 20 gm/acre.
Kasugamycin 3% SL 300 ml/acre.

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White to dirty gray spots or patches appear on leaves which become white powdery as they enlarge.
Fortnightly spray hexaconazole 5% SC @ 300 ml per acre or thiophanate methyl 70% WP @ 400 gm per acre.

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