Importance of rhizobium culture in moong crop

13/03/2025Posted on
Importance of rhizobium culture in moong crop

Rhizobium is a symbiotic bacterium. Which is especially found in the roots of pulse crops, specific species of bacteria live with specific plants, such as soybean, groundnut, gram, moong, urad, peas, etc. Rhizobium bacteria of different crops are also different. Rhizobium bacteria mainly fulfil nitrogen in crops by converting atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates, living as symbionts in all oilseeds and pulses crops. Rhizobium bacteria enter the roots of the crops after entering the soil and form small nodules. Bacteria live in large amounts in these nodules, these bacteria take natural nitrogen from the atmosphere and convert it into nutrients and make it available to plants. Excess nodules in the roots of the plant keep the plant healthy. In the process of stabilization of nitrogen by Rhizobium, another product is formed, it is hydrogen. Certain species of Rhizobium use this hydrogen in the process of nitrogen fixation.

Rhizobium bacteria can be used for crops in two ways, seed treatment and soil treatment.

Seed treatment: Treat the seeds by making a coating over the seeds by taking 5 grams of nitrogen-fixing bacteria/kg of seeds and using the treated seeds immediately for sowing.

Soil treatment: Mix 1 kg/acre of Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria with decomposed cow dung manure or farm soil and broadcast it in an empty field before sowing.

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Know how bees are helpful in increasing crop production

12/03/2025Posted on
Know how bees are helpful in increasing crop production

Honey bees not only give honey to humans, but they also help in increasing their production by pollinating crops and trees. Bees collect pollen and nectar from fruits, vegetables and crops. Due to this, bees unknowingly increase yield by pollination. Domesticated and wild bees contribute up to 80 percent in pollination.

The income from the increase in production by bees is many times more than the honey and wax obtained from it. A bee visits about 100 flowers at a time. In this way they pollinate by carrying pollen from one flower to another. Due to this, the process of making seeds and grains becomes faster.

Bees are such pollinating insects, which do not cause any harm to the crops and we can keep them in the crops for pollination as per our wish. Bees pollinate the crops growing in an area of ​​about one kilometer from their habitat.

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Symptoms and control of anthracnose in cucurbit crops

11/03/2025Posted on
Symptoms and control of anthracnose in cucurbit crops

This disease is spread by a fungus called Colletotrichum legendarium. This disease mostly damages melons, gourds and cucumbers. In this disease, spots appear on the veins of the leaves, which later become 1 cm in diameter. Their colour is brown and their shape is angular. The spots on the leaves of infested plants coalesce as they grow, resulting in the drying of the leaves. In favourable environments, these spots are also found on plants and other parts and fruits.

Control: As soon as symptoms appear spray, Bavistin (Carbendazim 50% WP) @ 120 gm/acre or Indofil Z 78 (Zineb 75% WP) @ 600- 800 gm per acre in 150-200 litres of water.

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Stem borer attacks in paddy crop

10/03/2025Posted on
Stem borer attacks in paddy crop

  • The larval stage of this insect is harmful, after hatching from the egg, the larva penetrates inside the leaves of the middle buds and eats the stem inside and goes to the internode.

  • Panicles do not come out when there is an outbreak in the growing stage of plants, When an outbreak occurs in the panicle emergence stage, the earhead dry up and turn white and no grains are formed.

  • For its control, spray Chlorpyriphos 50% + Cypermethrin 5% EC [Super-D] @ 500 ml or Cypermethrin 4% EC + Profenofos 40% EC [ProfeNova] @ 400 ml per acre.

  • Apply Cartap Hydrochloride 4% GR [Caldan] @ 8 kg per acre in the soil.

  • For biological control, spray Beauveria bassiana (Bave Curb) @ 250 gm/acre.

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Symptoms and control of fruit borer in okra crop

09/03/2025Posted on
Symptoms and control of fruit borer in okra crop

This insect has yellow, orange, and brown spots on the body. In the initial stage, these caterpillars grow inside by making holes in the buds, due to which the buds wither and dry up. Later these caterpillars damage buds and flowers. They make a hole and enter inside the fruit and feed on the pulp of the fruit, because of this, the affected fruits are not suitable for eating.

Control:

  • Collect and destroy the stems and fruits of the damaged plants.

  • To monitor and control fruit borer, apply 5-10 pheromone traps per hectare.

  • When symptoms appear, spray Fame (Flubendiamide 39.35% w/w SC) @ 60 – 70 ml per acre in 150 to 200 litres of water.

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Know how to save chilli crop from mite attack

07/03/2025Posted on
Know how to save chilli crop from mite attack

In this pest, both nymphs and adults suck the sap from the lower surface of young leaves and growing tips of plants. Due to this the leaves curl down and shrink which takes the shape of an inverted boat. The fruits of the infected plant remain small.

Control: As soon as an infestation is seen spray, Omite (Propargite 57 % EC) @ 600 ml/acre or Pager (Diafenthiuron 50 % WP) @ 240 gm/acre or Emanova (Emamectin benzoate 05 % SG) @ 80 gm/acre in 150 -200 litres of water. 

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How to do weed management in vegetable crop

06/03/2025Posted on
How to do weed management in vegetable crop

If weeds are not controlled at the right time in the vegetable crop, it badly affects the yield and quality of vegetables. Weeds not only reduce the yield but also damage the quality of the seeds if mixed with vegetable seeds, which affects their value. In most vegetable crops, it is very important to protect from the outbreak of weeds in the initial stage, because the damage done at this time affects both the growth and production of the crop.

Weed Management:

  • Use weed-free pure and certified seed/plant while sowing the crop.

  • Use only fully rotten cow dung and compost manure, otherwise, the maximum amount of weed seeds are likely to come into the field only from this.

  • Clean the soil attached to agricultural machinery before using it from one field to another.

  • Keep the nursery site weed-free.

  • Keep the bunds, water sources and drains around the field weed-free.

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Symptoms and control measures of Cercospora leaf spot disease in okra crop

05/03/2025Posted on
Symptoms and control measures of Cercospora leaf spot disease in okra crop

This disease is caused by the fungus Cercospora malaensis. Affected plants develop angular to irregular brown spots on the leaves. In case of severe infection, these spots spread over the entire leaves and the leaves wither, due to which the affected leaves start falling soon.

Control Measures: Blue Copper (Copper Oxychloride 50% WP) @ 1 kg per acre or Indofil Z 78 (Zineb 75% WP) @ 600-800 g per acre + SilicoMaxx Gold @ 50 ml + Novamaxx (Gibberellic Acid 0. 001%) @ 300 ml per acre, mix it in 150 to 200 litres of water and spray.

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Identification and control of downy mildew disease in bottle gourd crop

04/03/2025Posted on
Identification and control of downy mildew disease in bottle gourd crop

Downy mildew in bottle gourd plants is caused due to irregularity of water and moisture content in the ground. Downy mildew is a serious disease in bottle gourd plants which is caused by the fungus PseudoPeronospora cubensis. This disease can affect plants at any growing stage. Due to this disease, brown and yellow spots appear on the leaves, later it spreads to the veins of the leaves due to which the leaves turn yellow and fall down.

Control: To prevent this disease, avoid giving excess water to the gourd plant. Avoid wetting the leaves when watering the plant. And when symptoms appear, spray Jatayu (Chlorothalonil 75% WP) @ 200 grams per acre or Novaxyl (Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP) @ 800 – 1000 grams per acre mixed with 150 to 200 litres of water.

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Appropriate time and precautions for harvesting wheat crop

03/03/2025Posted on
Appropriate time and precautions for harvesting wheat crop

In wheat crops, usually, the leaves start drying up at the time of ripening, sometimes one or two leaves may remain green and the lower part of the ear becomes golden. Also, if the grain is pressed with the thumb, milk does not come out and the grain becomes hard. Apart from this, when 25-30% moisture remains in the grains, then the crop may be harvested.

The crop should be harvested immediately after ripening, because late harvesting may lead to grain shedding in some varieties, also rats and birds can cause damage. Sometimes delay in cutting also affects the quality of wheat grain. If harvesting is not done in time, then the yield can also reduce, Because 5-10% of grains are lost due to shedding, eating by birds and rats and bad weather.

In wheat crops, before harvesting irrigation should be stopped Also it is very important to protect the crop from falling. After harvesting the bundle should be dried in the sun for 4-5 days because if the soil is mixed in with the grains at the time of harvesting the quality of produce will be affected.

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