Precautions to be taken while digging in garlic crop

21/03/2025Posted on
Precautions to be taken while digging in garlic crop

Garlic crops get fully ripe in 130 to 180 days. When the crop is fully matured, the leaves of the crop start turning yellow and dry up and fall down. Along with this, due to the weakening of the hold of the plants around the tuber, the ripening of the crop can also be predicted.

Keep these things in mind while digging garlic

  • Irrigation should be stopped completely at the stage of maturity and digging should be started after a few days.

  • If the hold of the garlic crop on the soil is weak, it can be dug by hand or by using a spade.

  • While digging with a hoe, do not let the tip of the spade touch the root.

  • Allow the garlic to dry in the field along with the leaves.

  • Keep it in the sun according to the moisture present in the garlic. Too much moisture or too much sunlight can spoil the crop.

  • For longer storage, cut garlic with 2 to 3 cm of the stalk.

  • When adequate storage facilities are available, keep garlic in bundles with leaves.

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Method of seed treatment in green gram crop

20/03/2025Posted on
Method of seed treatment in moong crop

Seed treatment in moong crops can easily control seed-borne and soil-borne diseases and also increase the germination of the crop. Seed treatment is usually done in 3 ways, which we call the ‘FIR’ method.

Fungicide: The first fungicide used in seed treatment. It is used for the prevention of fungal diseases in the ground or at the time of seed germination.

For seed treatment with fungicide, use Carmanova (Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63 % WP) @ 2.5 gm per kg of seed.

Insecticide: It should be used after fungicide. Seed treatment with insecticide helps in the prevention of insects found inside the ground or sucking insects like aphids or white flies which are found in the initial stage of the crop.

For seed treatment with insecticide, use Thianova Super (Thiamethoxam 30% FS) @ 4-5 ml per kg of seed.

Rhizobium: It should be used after insecticide. Rhizobium It is a bacterium, which lives as a symbiotic in the roots of moong plants, and forms nodules in the roots of plants, due to which atmospheric nitrogen is easily available in the soil, which can be used by the plant at any stage.

For seed treatment with Rhizobium, use Jaiv Vatika (Rhizobium) @ 5 grams per kg of seed.

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Pinching in watermelon and muskmelon crop

19/03/2025Posted on
Pinching in watermelon and muskmelon crop

  • Pinching is an important process to get a good quality yield in watermelon and muskmelon crops. 

  • To prevent the overgrowth of vines and for the good development of fruits, the process of pinching is done in the vines.

  • In this process, when the vine bears enough fruits, the tops of the vines are plucked, as a result, the vegetative growth of the vines stops.

  • By stopping the growth of the vines, the size and quality of the fruits are improved.

  • If there is more fruit on a vine, then remove the small and weak fruits so that the main fruit gets better.

  • By removing unnecessary branches, watermelon and muskmelon fruits get complete nutrition and they grow quickly.

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Symptoms and control of jassids in okra crop

18/03/2025Posted on
Symptoms and control of jassids in okra crop

These insects are greenish-yellow. Its infants and adults suck the sap by staying on the lower surface of the leaves. Its outbreak occurs from March to September. The leaves turn yellow due to the sucking of the sap, and the edges turn upwards to form a cup. On heavy infestation, the leaves burn and wither and dry up.

Control:

  • Before sowing the seeds, treat them with Thianova Super (Thiamethoxam 30% FS) @ 5 ml per kg of seed.

  • If a problem is observed in standing crops, spray Thianova-25 ( Thiamethoxam 25% WG) @ 80 gm in 150-200 litres of water per acre.

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Symptoms and control of leaf miner in tomato crop

18/03/2025Posted on
Symptoms and control of leaf miner in tomato crop

Pest Identification: The adult insect is pale yellow in colour and the very small legless maggot is orange-yellow in colour. Pupation takes place in the tunnel.

Symptom: The nymphs of this insect feed on the green part of the leaves and make crooked white tunnels in them, and a white spiral line appears on the affected leaves. Due to this, the photosynthesis of plants decreases. In case of severe infestation, the leaves dry up and fall down.

Control: Remove and destroy the infected leaves. And for control spray, Tafgor (Dimethoate 30 EC) @ 396 ml/acre or Media (Imidacloprid 17.80 % SL) @ 60 ml/acre followed by Novamaxx (Gibberellic acid 0.001 % L) @ 30 ml per acre after 2 days.

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This organic insecticide will kill aphids, thrips, jassids

17/03/2025Posted on
This organic insecticide will kill aphids thrips jassids

Verticillium lecanii is an organic insecticide based on fungus. Verticillium lecanii is available in formulations of 1% WP, and 1.15% WP. The use of this fungus is beneficial for the prevention of sap-sucking insects like aphids, thrips, jassids, mealybugs etc. in different types of crops.

Verticillium lecanii is a white cotton-like fungus. White fungal growth is visible on the sides of infected insects. The spores of the fungus Verticillium lecanii are somewhat sticky in nature. Due to this, they stick to the upper cover of insects. Chemical fungicide should not be used 15 days before and after the use of Verticillium lecanii Self life of Verticillium lecanii is one year.

Method of use

The quantity of its spraying depends on the crop density and the tree. If there is a repeated outbreak of sucking insects in any crop, then Verticillium lacani should be used at an interval of 15 to 20 days, and in greenhouse crops, it is recommended to use it at an interval of 10 to 15 days.

Verticillium lecanii can be used in combination with neem and other organic insecticides and fungicides, but do not mix it with any chemical fungicide.

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Identification of red spider mites in cucurbit crops

16/03/2025Posted on
Identification of red spider mites in cucurbit crops

It is a microscopic insect which is not visible to the eyes. It sucks the sap from the leaves by sticking to the lower surface of the leaves of the plants. This pest attacks cotton, brinjal, tomato, okra and cucurbit crops. The adult of this insect is red in colour which is elliptical and two spots are found in the upper part of its body. Both their infant and adult stages are harmful. Their presence is known by the web made by them on the lower surface of the leaves.

The hot season of March-April is a favourable time for their outbreak. Due to their microscopic size, they can move from one place to another with the help of wind. In severe infestation, the leaves start drying up and falling down.

Control: Destroy infested leaves and weeds. In severe infestation, spray Tafgor (Dimethoate 30 EC) @ 300 ml per acre or Omite (Propargite 57 EC) @ 200 ml per acre dissolved in 150-200 litres of water on the infested plants.

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Be careful while harvesting watermelon, take care of proper time

15/03/2025Posted on
Best time to harvest fruit in watermelon crop

Watermelon fruits start to be plucked after 75 to 80 days of sowing. If the fruits are to be sent to a distant market, then harvesting is done early. Depending on the size and colour of the fruits according to each variety, when will the fruit mature? Generally, when ripe fruits are pressed with fingers, there is a sound of dhap-dhap, as well as when the stem starts drying, only then do the fruits become eligible for harvesting. If the portion of the fruit which remains in the soil turns yellow from white, then the fruit is considered ripe. If the fruit squeezes easily when pressed, and does not require much force while pressing, then the fruit is considered ripe. While harvesting the fruit, note that to separate the fruits from the stalk, use a sharp knife. Apart from this, the fruits should be collected in a cold place.

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Disadvantages of burning crop residue after harvesting

14/03/2025Posted on
Disadvantages of burning crop residue after harvesting

Most of the farmers burn and destroy the stubble left after wheat harvesting for early sowing of the second crop, due to which there is a continuous decrease in the amount of fossil material in the fields. The upper surface of the soil becomes hard. The fertility of the soil is destroyed as well as there is a decrease in the amount of carbon. The physical structure of the soil is also affected, and the water-holding capacity is reduced. Due to this, the biodiversity of the soil is almost destroyed, and there is a decrease in biological activities in the soil.

Due to the burning of crop residues, there is also a massive decline in the number of earthworms. Carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide are released by burning crop residues. Which pollutes the atmosphere and the ratio of nitrogen and carbon in the land is affected.

By burning crop residues, the plants on the bunds get burnt, and sometimes the possibility of fire in the villages also increases.

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Importance of rhizobium culture in moong crop

13/03/2025Posted on
Importance of rhizobium culture in moong crop

Rhizobium is a symbiotic bacterium. Which is especially found in the roots of pulse crops, specific species of bacteria live with specific plants, such as soybean, groundnut, gram, moong, urad, peas, etc. Rhizobium bacteria of different crops are also different. Rhizobium bacteria mainly fulfil nitrogen in crops by converting atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates, living as symbionts in all oilseeds and pulses crops. Rhizobium bacteria enter the roots of the crops after entering the soil and form small nodules. Bacteria live in large amounts in these nodules, these bacteria take natural nitrogen from the atmosphere and convert it into nutrients and make it available to plants. Excess nodules in the roots of the plant keep the plant healthy. In the process of stabilization of nitrogen by Rhizobium, another product is formed, it is hydrogen. Certain species of Rhizobium use this hydrogen in the process of nitrogen fixation.

Rhizobium bacteria can be used for crops in two ways, seed treatment and soil treatment.

Seed treatment: Treat the seeds by making a coating over the seeds by taking 5 grams of nitrogen-fixing bacteria/kg of seeds and using the treated seeds immediately for sowing.

Soil treatment: Mix 1 kg/acre of Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria with decomposed cow dung manure or farm soil and broadcast it in an empty field before sowing.

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