Symptoms and control measures of Cercospora leaf spot disease in okra crop

05/03/2024Posted on
Symptoms and control measures of Cercospora leaf spot disease in okra crop

This disease is caused by the fungus Cercospora malaensis. Affected plants develop angular to irregular brown spots on the leaves. In case of severe infection, these spots spread over the entire leaves and the leaves wither, due to which the affected leaves start falling soon.

Control Measures: Blue Copper (Copper Oxychloride 50% WP) @ 1 kg per acre or Indofil Z 78 (Zineb 75% WP) @ 600-800 g per acre + Silico Maxx  @ 50 ml + Novamaxx (Gibberellic Acid 0. 001%) @ 300 ml per acre, mix it in 150 to 200 litres of water and spray.

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Identification and control of downy mildew disease in bottle gourd crop

04/03/2024Posted on
Identification and control of downy mildew disease in bottle gourd crop

Downy mildew in bottle gourd plants is caused due to irregularity of water and moisture content in the ground. Downy mildew is a serious disease in bottle gourd plants which is caused by the fungus PseudoPeronospora cubensis. This disease can affect plants at any growing stage. Due to this disease, brown and yellow spots appear on the leaves, later it spreads to the veins of the leaves due to which the leaves turn yellow and fall down.

Control: To prevent this disease, avoid giving excess water to the gourd plant. Avoid wetting the leaves when watering the plant. And when symptoms appear, spray Jatayu (Chlorothalonil 75% WP) @ 200 grams per acre or Novaxyl (Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP) @ 800 – 1000 grams per acre mixed with 150 to 200 litres of water.

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Appropriate time and precautions for harvesting wheat crop

02/03/2024Posted on
Appropriate time and precautions for harvesting wheat crop

In wheat crops, usually, the leaves start drying up at the time of ripening, sometimes one or two leaves may remain green and the lower part of the ear becomes golden. Also, if the grain is pressed with the thumb, milk does not come out and the grain becomes hard. Apart from this, when 25-30% moisture remains in the grains, then the crop may be harvested.

The crop should be harvested immediately after ripening, because late harvesting may lead to grain shedding in some varieties, also rats and birds can cause damage. Sometimes delay in cutting also affects the quality of wheat grain. If harvesting is not done in time, then the yield can also reduce, Because 5-10% of grains are lost due to shedding, eating by birds and rats and bad weather.

In wheat crops, before harvesting irrigation should be stopped Also it is very important to protect the crop from falling. After harvesting the bundle should be dried in the sun for 4-5 days because if the soil is mixed in with the grains at the time of harvesting the quality of produce will be affected.

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Molybdenum element is essential in the crop of green and black gram

01/03/2024Posted on
Molybdenum element is essential in the crop of green and black gram

  • Molybdenum is essential for the process of symbiotic nitrogen fixation by Rhizobium bacteria in the root nodules of pulses.

  • Molybdenum is a micronutrient that green gram and black gram crops require in very small amounts.

  • But its small quantity is also very important for the good growth of the green gram and black gram crop.

  • Molybdenum plays a very important role in chemical changes in nitrogen in green gram and black gram crops.

  • It enhances the disease resistance of plants, as well as helps in the synthesis of vitamin C and sugar in plants.

  • Due to the deficiency of Molybdenum, the crop does not develop properly.

  • Yellowing occurs on the edges of the leaves, new leaves start drying. In general, the symptoms of molybdenum deficiency are similar to those of nitrogen deficiency.

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Burning crop residue is dangerous

29/02/2024Posted on
Burning crop residue is dangerous

  • The micro-organisms and earthworms present in the soil are destroyed by burning crop residues, due to which there is an adverse effect on the fertility of the field and the physical condition of the land and chemical reactions. The land becomes hard, due to which the water holding capacity of the ground also decreases.

  • Burning of crop residue is fatal, to avoid this, farmers can use the following agricultural machines –

  • Use a straw reaper with a combined harvester, this helps in harvesting as well as collecting straw.

  • Reaper cum binder eliminates the crop residue from the root.

  • Super Seeder and Happy Seeder – After harvesting with this device, if there is moisture, then sowing can also be done.

  • Sowing can be done even at the crop residues stage with zero tillage seed cum fertilizer drill.

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Uses of the biological insecticide Metarhizium anisopliae

28/02/2024Posted on
Uses of the biological insecticide Metarhizium anisopliae

Metarhizium anisopliae is a fungus-based organic insecticide. It is found freely in the soil and it is commonly found as a parasite in insects. 

When the spores of Metarhizium anisopliae come in contact with the target insect, they attach to their covering and Spores germinate when there is proper temperature and humidity. Their germinal tubes enter the insect’s body through the respiratory holes (spiracles), sensory organs and other soft parts.

This fungus increases itself by absorbing the physical food substances of the insect by making a fungal trap in the entire body of the insect. Metarhizium anisopliae produces spores even at less than 50% moisture. Because of this it works in all circumstances.

Metarhizium anisopliae is used for the control of beetles, white grubs, termites, caterpillars, semi-loopers, cutworms, mealybugs and aphids.

Method of use:

  • For soil application, Metarhizium anisopliae at the rate of 1 kg per acre mixed with about 75 kg of farm yard manure and should be used at the time of last ploughing.

  • For pest control in standing crops spray 1 kg per acre in 400-500 litres of water.

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Causes and diagnosis of fruit cracking in tomato crop

27/02/2024Posted on
Causes and diagnosis of fruit cracking in tomato crop

In tomato crops, fruit cracking is a physical disorder and it usually appears at the time of maturity. In this disorder, the fruits split in two ways, vertical and circular.

Fruit cracking in tomato crops is mainly due to two reasons, the first reason is irregular irrigation in the crop like the land that is dry for a long time and sudden heavy irrigation. And the second reason is the deficiency of a Boron micronutrient in the soil.

Diagnosis of fruit cracking: To avoid this problem, irrigate the crop in a balanced way from time to time. And for the boron nutrient supplements, spray Rich Bor (Boron 20%) @ 1-1.5 gm per litre of water or Rich Boramin-CA (Amino Acid, Boron, Calcium) @ 2-3 ml per litre of water.

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Symptoms and control of aphids in watermelon crop

26/02/2024Posted on
Symptoms and control of aphids in watermelon crop

This pest affects the leaves and shoots, due to which the leaves begin to curl and wither. Plant growth is stunted, as well as black mold develops on the leaves due to the secretion of honeydew from the insect.

Control: As soon as the infestation is noticed to control this pest spray, Novaceta (Acetamiprid 20 % SP) @ 30 gram per acre or Media ( Imidacloprid 17.8% SL) @ 40-50 ml per acre + Nova Maxx (Gibberellic acid 0.001%) @ 300 ml per acre in 150-200 litres of water.

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Know the reasons and prevention measure for small fruits dropping in gourd crop

25/02/2024Posted on
Know the reasons and prevention measure for small fruits dropping in gourd crop

The farmers cultivating gourds often face the problem of small fruits turning yellow and drying up, and this causes a huge loss in yield.

Causes of small fruit drop:

  • Fruits start falling due to fungal diseases in plants.

  • This problem can also occur when there is an outbreak of pests in the crop.

  • Small gourd fruits start falling even if there is irregular irrigation or lack of irrigation in the crop.

  • Unbalanced use of fertilizers also results in fruit drop.

  • Small fruits start falling due to improper pollination.

Initial symptoms of small fruit drop:

In the initial stage, the flowers attached to the small fruits start drying up, and gradually the small fruits start turning yellow and brown in colour. And later the fruits dry up completely and fall off.

Preventions:

  • Inspect the crop from time to time.

  • Make proper arrangements for drainage in the field.

  • Do not use excessive irrigation and fertilizers.

  • If symptoms of fungal diseases or fruit flies and sucking insects appear, do proper spraying for control.

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Symptoms and control measures of sucking pests in brinjal crop

24/02/2024Posted on
Symptoms and control measures of sucking pests in brinjal crop

Mites: They spread webs on the underside of the leaves and suck the sap from the leaves. Due to this, the leaves start appearing red.

Spray Tusk (Malathion 50.00% EC) @ 600 ml/acre or Meothrin (Fenpropathrin 30 % EC) @ 100 – 136 ml per acre mixed in 150 -200 litres of water.

Jassid: These insects suck the sap from the lower surface of the leaves, due to which the leaves turn yellow and become weak.

Spray Solomon (Beta-cyfluthrin 08.49 % + Imidacloprid 19.81 % w/w OD) @ 70 -80 ml per acre or Tafgor (Dimethoate 30 % EC) @ 792 ml per acre in 150 – 200 litres of water.

Whitefly: They suck the sap from the leaves, which results in the leaves becoming shrivel. Apart from this, these insects also work to spread viral diseases from one plant to another. 

Spray Pager (Diafenthiuron 50 % WP) @ 240 gm/acre and Areva (Thiamethoxam 25 % WG) @ 80 gm/acre in 150 – 200 litres of water.

Aphid: These insects are small and green in colour, which live on the lower surface of the leaves and sucks the sap, due to which the leaves turn yellow.

Spray, Solomon (Beta-cyfluthrin 08.49 % + Imidacloprid 19.81 % w/w OD) @ 70 -80 ml per acre mixed with 150 to 200 litres of water.

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