Tip of the day – Page 208

Soil preparation for Bottle gourd cultivation

The land is ploughed with disc harrow followed by three cross ploughing.
Well rotten compost or farmyard manure is mixed in soil at the time of ploughing.
Planting after last two ploughing with the soil pulverized and leveled.
If the soil is infested with nematodes Carbofuran @ 10 kg/Acre.
After levelling the field 40-50 cm wide make a distance of 2.0 to 2.5 cm.

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Potato harvesters are machines that harvest potatoes.
They work by lifting the potatoes from the bed using a share.
Soil and crop are transferred onto a series of webs where the loose soil is sieved out.
The potatoes are moved towards the back of the harvester on to a separation unit.
Then to a picking table where people pick out the stones, clods, and haulms by hand.
The potatoes then go on to a side elevator and into a trailer or a potato box.

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For good quality, diseases and insect free yield the seed must be treat before sowing with the below products.
Seed treat with carbendazim 12% + mancozeb 63% fungicide 2 gm/kg seed or carboxin 37.5% + thiram 37.5% fungicide 2gm/kg of seed.
Seed should be treated with imidacloprid 600 FS (48%) 1 ml/kg seeds for control of Sucking pest on early stage.

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Calcium is an important nutrient in garlic and has a key role to play in crop yield and quality.
Calcium promotes enhance of root establishment and elongation of cells resulting increasing plant height.
It also has a improve tolerance of disease and chilling injury. Although recommended dose of calcium in the Garlic is good for yield, quality, and storage capacity.
Recommended dose of calcium is 4 Kg/Acre or according to soil testing report.

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The soil or main field should be prepared thoroughly by 3-4 ploughings.
Snake gourd crop requires good soil drainage.
Better yield and quality depends on the organic matter of farm yield manure (FYM) application while preparing soil and land.

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Stripe rust is caused by the fungus.
It is easily distinguished from other wheat rusts by the orange-yellow spores.
Which produce small, closely packed pustules developing into stripes along the length of the leaf veins.
The spores occur on the upper surface of the leaves, the leaf sheaths, awns and inside of the glumes.
Pustules erupt within 10-14 days after infection.
Free moisture on the leaves and an optimal temperature (10-15°C) are required for infection.
The disease can cause up to 25% yield loss.

Managment-

Destroy volunteer wheat plants.
Crop rotation is very important in the case of yellow spot.
Growing resistant varieties is an economical and environmentally friendly way of disease reduction.
During the growing season active crop monitoring is very important for an early detection of diseases.
Avoid repeated use of fungicides with the same active ingredient.
Spray Kasugamycin 5% + Copper Oxychloride 45% WP 320 gm/acre or Propiconazole 25% EC 240 ml/Acre

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Damage:-

Fall armyworm generally feeds on foliage, but during heavy infestations, larvae will also feed on corn ears.
Foliar damage to corn is usually characterized by ragged feeding and moist sawdust-like frass near the whorl and upper leaves of the plant.
They will frequently be near the tip but may feed down the ear creating a track of damaged kernels.

Control:-

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Tomato is a day-neutral plant so wildly it found grown in any season.
Tomato can grow all seasons.eg-kharif, rabi, zaid.
But due to frost tomato cannot be grown in the rabi season.
The Kharif crop is transplanted in July, rabi crop in October – November and Zaid crop in February months.

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Watermelon responds very much to irrigation but it can not withstand waterlogged condition.
It is generally cultivated as a spring-summer crop in which frequency of irrigation is very important.
The crop should be irrigated at 3-5 days intervals.
Soil moisture stress during pre-flowering, flowering, and fruit development stage drastically reduce yield.
Irrigation should be stopped during ripening as it adversely affects fruit quality and promotes fruit cracking.
Frequently irrigation promotes diseases on the plants for the controlling diseases control measure may be applied.

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