Tip of the day – Page 17

Management of fruit fly in watermelon

09/04/2025 Wednesday April 9th, 2025

Damage and control measure of fruit fly in watermelon

In the Cucurbitaceae crops, the attack of fruit flies is mainly seen in the watermelon crop. Which affects the yield by damaging the crop.
The fruit fly lays eggs inside the fruit, and the caterpillar emerges from the egg and eats the pulp of the fruit, which causes the rotting of the fruit. The fruits become twisted, become weak and separate from the vine.
Management :- Spray Fenpropathrin 10% EC [Danitol] @ 400 ml or Profenofos 40% + Cypermethrin 4% EC [ProfeNova] @ 400 ml or Spinosad 45% SC [Tracer] @ 60 ml/acre.
For better management of fruit flies, installed 10 fruit fly traps per acre.
For organic management, use Beauveria bassiana [Bave Curb] @ 250 gm/acre.

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Gummy stem blight symptoms and control in watermelon crop Symptoms

08/04/2025 Wednesday April 9th, 2025

During the cultivation of watermelon, the outbreak of many types of diseases is seen in its entire crop cycle. By preventing these diseases, a good yield of watermelons can be obtained. Gummy stem blight is one of the major diseases of the watermelon crop and in this article, we will know the information and prevention measures related to this disease.

Gummy stem blight is one of the serious foliar diseases in watermelon crops. In this disease, brown spots appear on the stems and leaves and these spots are surrounded by yellow tissues. After that, this lesion on the stem enlarges and forms a rotting which secretes a sticky, brown liquid. Fruit is rarely affected by this disease, but the loss of foliage can also affect yield and fruit quality.

Control: To avoid gummy stem blight, use disease-free seeds, as well as crop rotation of 2 years in all cucurbits crops. Also, on the appearance of disease symptoms, for chemical control, spray fungicide like Jatayu (Chlorothalonil 75% WP) @ 400 gm/acre or M45 (Mancozeb 75% WP) @ 600-800 gm/acre @ 150 to 200 litres of water.

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Know the benefits of growing summer moong

07/04/2025 Friday April 4th, 2025

After the rabi crops are harvested, the field remains fallow till the Kharif season. But if the farmer brothers want, they can get good benefits by making proper use of the time between Rabi and Kharif, which is called Zayed. If there can be any best choice for farming in the Zayed season then it is the moong crop which is a short-duration crop and can give good profit. The following are the main reasons why its cultivation is beneficial.

It controls weeds and prevents wind erosion in summer.
The attack of pests and diseases on the crop is very less.
Crop/varieties take less time to mature (60-65 days)
In turn, this adds at least 30-50 kg of available nitrogen/ha through rhizobium fixation which can be adjusted while applying fertilizers in the next Kharif season crop.
Cropping intensity increases.
The area and production under pulses can be increased without giving up the cereal crop grown during the Kharif season.
It makes use of residual soil fertility when grown after crops with heavy fertilizer demands such as potatoes, wheat and winter maize.

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Coriander cultivation will give tremendous yield in less time and earn a lot

06/04/2025 Friday April 4th, 2025

Climate: Dry and cool weather is favorable for getting good production. 25 to 26 *Centigrade temperature is good for seed germination.
Soil: Well drained loamy soil is good for irrigated coriander crop and black heavy soil is good for non-irrigated crop. Coriander does not tolerate alkaline and saline soils. Well drained and fertile loam or clay loam soil is suitable. The pH of the soil should be 6.5 to 7.5. In irrigated areas. In the irrigated area, if there is not enough moisture in the land at the time of plowing, then the land should be prepared after irrigation. Due to which lumps will not be formed in the soil at the time of plowing and the weed seeds will be destroyed after germination at the time of plowing. For rainfed crop, after harvesting of kharif crop, plowing should be done immediately by doing two horizontal ploughings.
Improved varieties of coriander: Fauja, Surabhi, Raunak-31,
Time of sowing: For green leaves, it can be sown in the month of April-May.
Seed rate: 15-20 kg/ha of seed is required in irrigated crops and 25-30 kg/ha in non-irrigated crops.
Seed treatment & fertilizers: For protection from soil and seed-borne diseases, seed should be treated with Carmanova (Carbendazim+Mancozeb) 2.5 g./kg. To get a good yield of coriander, apply farm yard manure 20 tons/ha. For irrigated crops, use fertilizers at the rate of 60 kg nitrogen, 40 kg phosphorus, 20 kg potash and 20 kg sulfur per hectare.

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Major pests and control measures of cucurbitaceous crops

05/04/2025 Friday April 4th, 2025

Red pumpkin beetle: This bright red-coloured insect makes a sieve-like appearance by feeding on the leaves of the plant, especially in the early stages. Affected leaves split and plant growth is stunted.

Control: To avoid the damage caused by this pest, sow the crop till the month of December. Keep the field clean by destroying the weeds. For chemical control, spray Marquit (Bifenthrin 10 % EC) @ 2 ml + SilicoMaxx Gold @ 0.5 ml per liter of water. For biological control, take spray of Beauveria bassiana mixed in 2 g/Lit of water.

Leaf miner: The caterpillar of the insect damages the leaves by making tunnels inside the leaves and eats the chlorophyll, due to which white stripes are formed on the leaves. It mainly damages tomato, sponge gourd, cucumber and cucurbitaceous crops.

Control: For, Spray Neemgold (Azadirachtin 0.3%) 3000 ppm, @ 150 ml, or Benevia (Cytraniliprole 10.26% OD) @ 20 – 25 ml + SilicoMaxx @ 5 ml per 15 liters of water.

Fruit fly: It is a fruit-attacking pest in cucurbit crops. Its maggots cause more damage to small fruits. The caterpillar of fruit fly damages the fruit from inside. Due to this the fruits fall before ripening. Due to the attack of caterpillars of fruit fly, sticky liquid of brown color flows from the fruits and the shape of the fruit deteriorates. Fruit flies bore holes in fruits to lay eggs. Due to this holes start appearing in the fruits. Affected fruits become oblong. When the pest attack increases, the fruits start rotting.

Control: Direct control of its maggots is not possible but by controlling the number of adult male flies their outbreak can be reduced. Before transplanting the plants in the field, do deep plowing of the field. This will destroy the pupae already present in the soil. To attract the pest, set 10 to 12 pheromone traps per acre of field and change the lure at an interval of 15 -20 days. Male insects are attracted by the lure and get trapped. This can control the growth of fruit flies. Pluck and destroy the affected fruits. Also for chemical control spray Decis (Deltamethrin 100 EC) @ 1 ml per liter of water. Or spray Celquin (Quinalphos 25% EC) @ 2 ml per liter of water.

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Control of Anthracnose disease in Watermelon and Muskmelon

04/04/2025 Friday April 4th, 2025

Small, irregular yellow or brown spots first appear on the leaves. These spots spread with time and become deep and surround the entire leaf. Small black deep spots also appear on the fruit, which gradually spread. In moist weather, pink spores form in the center of these spots.
To prevent this disease, treat with Vitavax (Carboxin 37.5 + Thiram 37.5) 2.5 gm/kg of seed.
Spray Novaphanate (thiophanate methyl 70% WP) at 300 gm per acre or Jatayu (Chlorothalonil 75 WP) @ 400 gm per acre in 200 litres of water at an interval of 10 days.
For biological control, spray Monas Curb (Pseudomonas fluorescens) @ 500 gm/acre in 200 litres of water.

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Farming in polyhouse will get many benefits

03/04/2025 Thursday April 3rd, 2025

In a polyhouse, plants can be grown in a controlled environment with less water, limited sunlight, and a minimum amount of pesticides.
In a polyhouse, plants can be grown under different conditions, which are impossible to cultivate in that particular climatic zone. For example, growing strawberries in the plains of India.
External climate does not affect the growth of crops
product quality improves.
It conserves 90% of water in vegetables, fruits and flowers, thereby increasing the shelf life of the produce
Polyhouse also provides a high concentration of Co2 to increase production to the maximum level, due to which polyhouse yield is much higher than open field cultivation.
Water is saved due to drip irrigation.
It can create the right environment for plants in any season.
With the help of polyhouse, crops can be protected from wind, rain, precipitation and other climatic factors.

Keep reading Gramophone articles daily for important news related to your life. If you liked today’s information, do not forget to share.

Symptoms and control of downy mildew in cucumber crop

02/04/2025 Wednesday April 2nd, 2025

This is the most important disease of cucumbers, and this disease is caused by a fungus. Usually, its symptoms appear on the upper surface of the leaves. Initially, small yellow or orange spots appear on the leaves, and as the spots enlarge, they become brown with irregular margins. The white or light purple powder appears on the surface of the lower leaves of infected plants. The fruit is not affected by this disease, but it is less sweet in taste.

Control: To control it, grow resistant/tolerant varieties, avoid excessive overhead irrigation and irrigate the field late in the morning to dry leaves faster. If infestation is observed, spray Mirador (Azoxystrobin 23% SC) @ 200 ml per acre or Clutch (Metiram 55% + Pyraclostrobin 5% WG) @ 600 -700 gm per acre.

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Harm and symptoms of lame fever disease in animals

01/04/2025 Tuesday April 1st, 2025

One of the major diseases occurring in cattle is lameness fever. And if the treatment of lame fever in animals is not done at the right time, then the animals can die. Lame fever is known by many names like black quarter disease, Krishna Janga disease, lameness disease, Jaharbad disease, Ektanga disease, etc. Cows of a young age are more affected by this disease. Animals can die within 24 hours after the symptoms of lameness fever appear. The outbreak of this disease is more in the month of April to June.

Symptoms of lameness fever in cattle

The body temperature of animals increases.
Swelling occurs in the flesh of the legs and back of animals.
Due to pain in the leg, animals start walking with a limp.
Animals sit or lie down for a long time.
After some time the swelling cools down and the swollen part starts rotting.
On pressing the rotten place, there is a sound of char-char.

Preventive measures against lame fever

Every year all animals from 4 months to 3 years should get a lame fever vaccine.
To protect animals from lameness fever, do regular cleaning of the animal house.
Keep disease-affected animals separate from healthy animals.

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Measures to protect moong crop from sucking insect

31/03/2025 Friday March 28th, 2025

Moong has a special place in pulse crops. But many times due to the outbreak of sucking insects, there is a huge loss to the moong crop.

Thrips: These insects harm the crop by sucking the sap from the leaves. Affected leaves tend to curl upwards. As the infestation increases, the plants turn yellow and become weak and the growth of the plants stops.

Control: To control infestation as soon as an infestation is observed spray, Lamnova (Lambda-cyhalothrin 4.9% SC) @ 250 ml per acre or Profenova Super (Profenofos 40% + Cypermethrin 4 % EC) @ 400 ml per acre in 150-200 litres of water.

Aphid: This insect lives in the group and due to this it causes more damage to the crop in less time. These insects suck the sap of tender stems, leaves, flowers and pods of plants. As a result, less flowers emerge in the plants and grains are not formed in the pods.

Control: To control aphids, use 5-6 yellow sticky traps per acre in the field. Along with this, spray Thianova 25 (Thiamethoxam 25 %WG) @ 100 gm per acre, and Novamaxx (Gibberellic Acid 0.001%) @ 300 ml per acre in 150-200 litres of water.

For such important information related to the agriculture sector and farmers, do read Gramophone articles daily. If you liked today’s information then don’t forget to share.

In the Cucurbitaceae crops, the attack of fruit flies is mainly seen in the watermelon crop. Which affects the yield by damaging the crop.

The fruit fly lays eggs inside the fruit, and the caterpillar emerges from the egg and eats the pulp of the fruit, which causes the rotting of the fruit. The fruits become twisted, become weak and separate from the vine.

Management :- Spray Fenpropathrin 10% EC [Danitol] @ 400 ml or Profenofos 40% + Cypermethrin 4% EC [ProfeNova] @ 400 ml or Spinosad 45% SC [Tracer] @ 60 ml/acre.

For better management of fruit flies, installed 10 fruit fly traps per acre.

For organic management, use Beauveria bassiana [Bave Curb] @ 250 gm/acre.

It controls weeds and prevents wind erosion in summer.

The attack of pests and diseases on the crop is very less.

Crop/varieties take less time to mature (60-65 days)

In turn, this adds at least 30-50 kg of available nitrogen/ha through rhizobium fixation which can be adjusted while applying fertilizers in the next Kharif season crop.

Cropping intensity increases.

The area and production under pulses can be increased without giving up the cereal crop grown during the Kharif season.

It makes use of residual soil fertility when grown after crops with heavy fertilizer demands such as potatoes, wheat and winter maize.

Climate: Dry and cool weather is favorable for getting good production. 25 to 26 *Centigrade temperature is good for seed germination.

Improved varieties of coriander: Fauja, Surabhi, Raunak-31,

Time of sowing: For green leaves, it can be sown in the month of April-May.

Seed rate: 15-20 kg/ha of seed is required in irrigated crops and 25-30 kg/ha in non-irrigated crops.

Red pumpkin beetle: This bright red-coloured insect makes a sieve-like appearance by feeding on the leaves of the plant, especially in the early stages. Affected leaves split and plant growth is stunted.

Leaf miner: The caterpillar of the insect damages the leaves by making tunnels inside the leaves and eats the chlorophyll, due to which white stripes are formed on the leaves. It mainly damages tomato, sponge gourd, cucumber and cucurbitaceous crops.

Control: For, Spray Neemgold (Azadirachtin 0.3%) 3000 ppm, @ 150 ml, or Benevia (Cytraniliprole 10.26% OD) @ 20 – 25 ml + SilicoMaxx @ 5 ml per 15 liters of water.

Small, irregular yellow or brown spots first appear on the leaves. These spots spread with time and become deep and surround the entire leaf. Small black deep spots also appear on the fruit, which gradually spread. In moist weather, pink spores form in the center of these spots.

To prevent this disease, treat with Vitavax (Carboxin 37.5 + Thiram 37.5) 2.5 gm/kg of seed.

Spray Novaphanate (thiophanate methyl 70% WP) at 300 gm per acre or Jatayu (Chlorothalonil 75 WP) @ 400 gm per acre in 200 litres of water at an interval of 10 days.

For biological control, spray Monas Curb (Pseudomonas fluorescens) @ 500 gm/acre in 200 litres of water.

In a polyhouse, plants can be grown in a controlled environment with less water, limited sunlight, and a minimum amount of pesticides.

In a polyhouse, plants can be grown under different conditions, which are impossible to cultivate in that particular climatic zone. For example, growing strawberries in the plains of India.

External climate does not affect the growth of crops

product quality improves.

It conserves 90% of water in vegetables, fruits and flowers, thereby increasing the shelf life of the produce

Polyhouse also provides a high concentration of Co2 to increase production to the maximum level, due to which polyhouse yield is much higher than open field cultivation.

Water is saved due to drip irrigation.

It can create the right environment for plants in any season.

With the help of polyhouse, crops can be protected from wind, rain, precipitation and other climatic factors.

Symptoms of lameness fever in cattle

The body temperature of animals increases.

Swelling occurs in the flesh of the legs and back of animals.

Due to pain in the leg, animals start walking with a limp.

Animals sit or lie down for a long time.

After some time the swelling cools down and the swollen part starts rotting.

On pressing the rotten place, there is a sound of char-char.

Preventive measures against lame fever

Every year all animals from 4 months to 3 years should get a lame fever vaccine.

To protect animals from lameness fever, do regular cleaning of the animal house.

Keep disease-affected animals separate from healthy animals.

Moong has a special place in pulse crops. But many times due to the outbreak of sucking insects, there is a huge loss to the moong crop.

Thrips: These insects harm the crop by sucking the sap from the leaves. Affected leaves tend to curl upwards. As the infestation increases, the plants turn yellow and become weak and the growth of the plants stops.

Control: To control infestation as soon as an infestation is observed spray, Lamnova (Lambda-cyhalothrin 4.9% SC) @ 250 ml per acre or Profenova Super (Profenofos 40% + Cypermethrin 4 % EC) @ 400 ml per acre in 150-200 litres of water.

Aphid: This insect lives in the group and due to this it causes more damage to the crop in less time. These insects suck the sap of tender stems, leaves, flowers and pods of plants. As a result, less flowers emerge in the plants and grains are not formed in the pods.

Control: To control aphids, use 5-6 yellow sticky traps per acre in the field. Along with this, spray Thianova 25 (Thiamethoxam 25 %WG) @ 100 gm per acre, and Novamaxx (Gibberellic Acid 0.001%) @ 300 ml per acre in 150-200 litres of water.