Management of Late blight in Potato

19/11/2018Posted on

Management Late blight in Potato

  • Late blight is the major disease in Potato crop.
  • This disease is caused by a fungus called Phytophthora infestans.
  • This disease damages leaves, stems and tubers. The disease first appears as water soaked, light brown lesions on the leaf blade.
  • The lesions turn dark brown, dry and brittle after the infected leaf tissues die. In humid atmosphere, the growth of the fungus can be seen on lower side of these spots as whitish cottony growth.
  • The spots turn black as the affected leaves start rotting. Severe infections cause all foliage to rot, dry out and fall to the ground, stems to dry out and plants to die.
  • The tubers under the ground also decay before harvest. On tubers, greenish sunken areas may be seen.
  • To control Late blight of potato, spraying of Mancozeb 75% WP@ 50 Gm/ 15 litre water or Copper oxychloride 50% WP @ 50 Gm/15 litre water or Metalaxy + Mancozeb @ 50 Gm/ 15 Litre water should be done.

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Vaccination For Dairy Animals

17/11/2018Posted on

Vaccination For Dairy Animals:-

Sl. No Name of Disease Age at first dose Booster dose Subsequent dose
1 Foot and Mouth

Disease (FMD)

 4 months and  above 1 month after first dose Six monthly
2 Haemorrhagic

Septicaemia (HS)

 6 months and  above – Annually in endemic areas.
3 Black Quarter (BQ) 6 months and  above – Annually in endemic areas.
4 Brucellosis 4-8 months of age

(Only female calves)

 – Once in a lifetime
5 Theileriosis 3 months of age and above – Once in a lifetime. Only required for crossbred and exotic cattle.
6 Anthrax 4 months and  above – Annually in endemic areas.
7 IBR 3 months and  above 1 month after first dose Six monthly (vaccine presently not produced in India)
8 Rabies (Post bite therapy only) Immediately after suspected bite. 4th day 7,14,28 and 90 (optional) days after first dose.

Source : NDDB Handbook of Good Dairy Husbandry Practices

Points to be noted

  • Animals should be in good health at the time of vaccination. Do not vaccinate animals which are already in stress (Like bad weather, Scarcity of fodder & water, Disease outbreaks, after transportation etc.)
  • Try to deworm animals & remove ecto-parasites one to two weeks prior to vaccination.
  • Strictly follow vaccination schedule after consultation with veterinary experts.
  • Keep records of vaccination for name of vaccine manufacturing company, Batch number, Expiry date, Dose & route of vaccine.
  • Maintain cold chain for vaccines which may have to keep for 2-8 degree Celsius temperature.
  • Create stress free environment for animals after vaccination.

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Greening in Potato Tubers

17/11/2018Posted on

Greening in Potato Tubers –

  • This is a physiological response that occurs when tubers are exposed to light.
  • If plants in the field are not hilled properly so that the upper portions of tubers are exposed to light, these exposed portions will turn green.
  • If harvested potatoes are stored in the home under low levels of light, the tubers will turn pale green.
  • Tubers which turn green produce solanin chemical which imparts a bitter taste to the cooked potatoes.

Precautions –

  • Excessively green potatoes should not be consumed.
  • Greening can be prevented by hilling up around plants to prevent exposure to light.
  • Storing the harvested crop in the dark.
  • If the home storage area is not completely dark, provide dark by storing in paper bags to allow air movement.

 

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Drip irrigation a Boon

16/11/2018Posted on

Drip irrigation a Boon-

Availability of water for the successful production of a good crop is an important factor. Due to the ever-increasing population and climate change, the quantity of water available in the ground is decreasing, due to which the production of crops is constantly decreasing. Drip irrigation was invented to solve this problem which has proved to be a boon for farmers. In this method, water is transported directly from the sources of plastic pipes to the roots of plants.

Advantages of Drip Irrigation –

  • Saves 60-70% of water compared to other irrigation systems.
  • Drip irrigation helps plants to provide nutrients with greater efficiency.
  • Drip irrigation can prevent losses of water (due to evaporation and leakage).
  • Water in drip irrigation is given directly in the crop roots. Due to which the surrounding soil becomes dry, weeds cannot be grown.

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Prevention/Control/Treatment of Mastitis

14/11/2018Posted on

Prevention/Control/Treatment of Mastitis:-

Prevention:-

  • A good milking routine is vital.

 

  • This usually consists of applying a pre-milking teat dip or spray, such as an iodine spray, and wiping teats dry prior to milking.
  • The milking machine is then applied.
  • After milking, the teats can be cleaned again to remove any growth medium for bacteria.
  • A post-milking product such as iodine-propylene glycol dip is used as a disinfectant and a barrier between the open teat and the bacteria in the air.
  • Mastitis can occur after milking because the teat holes close after 15 minutes if the animal sits in a dirty place with feces and urine

    Control

  • Practices such as good nutrition, proper milking hygiene, and the culling of chronically infected cows can help.
  • Ensuring that cows have clean, dry bedding decreases the risk of infection and transmission.
  • Dairy workers should wear rubber gloves while milking, and machines should be cleaned regularly to decrease the incidence of transmission.

    Treatment

  • Treatment is possible with long-acting antibiotics, but milk from such cows is not marketable until drug residues have left the cow’s system.
  • Antibiotics may be systemic (injected into the body), or they may be forced upwards into the teat through the teat canal (intramammary infusion).
  • Cows being treated may be marked with tape to alert dairy workers, and their milk is syphoned off and discarded.
  • To determine whether the levels of antibiotic residuals are within regulatory requirements, special tests exist.
  • Vaccinations for mastitis are available, but as they only reduce the severity of the condition, and cannot prevent recurring infections, they should be used in conjunction with a mastitis prevention program.  

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Mastitis Disease in Dairy Cattle

13/11/2018Posted on

Mastitis Disease in Dairy Cattle:-

  • This disease can be identified by abnormalities in the udder such as swelling, heat, redness, hardness, or pain (if it is clinical). Other indications of mastitis may be abnormalities in milk such as a watery appearance, flakes, or clots. When infected with sub-clinical mastitis, a cow does not show any visible signs of infection or abnormalities in milk or on the udder.
  • Cattle affected by mastitis can be detected by examining the udder for inflammation and swelling, or by observing the consistency of the milk, which will often develop clots or change color when a cow is infected.

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Management of Carrot fly

12/11/2018Posted on

Management of Carrot fly:-

Damage –

  • The flies lay their eggs around the developing carrots.
  • Crop damage is caused by the creamy-yellow larvae (maggots) feeding on the outer layers of the carrot root. In autumn, they may penetrate further into the root.
  • The legless larvae are up to 10 mm in length.
  • Foliage becomes wilted and discoloured.
  • Leaves turn rusty red to scarlet with some yellowing. Rusty-brown tunnels are seen under the outer skin of mature roots.

 

Management –

  • Maintaining a 3–5-year crop rotation of all crops within the carrot family (Apiaceae), and locating these crops as far away as possible from the previous year’s crop.

  • Row cover is another method of exclusion.

  • Spray profenophos 50 EC @ 400 ml/acre.

  • Spray quinolphos 25 EC @ 300 ml/acre.

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Management of Wilt in Pea

10/11/2018Posted on

Management of Wilt in Pea:-

  • The roots turn black and the later rot away.
  • Plant growth is checked, foliage turn yellow and  downward curling of stipules and leaflets takes place.
  • The entire plant wilts and the stem shrivels.

Control:-

  • Treat seeds with Carboxin 37.%+ Thiram 37.5% @ 2 gm /kg or Trichoderma viride @ 5 gm/kg before sowing and avoid early sowing in badly infected areas.
  • Follow 3 years crops rotation.
  • Destroy the weed hosts.
  • Apply Mycorrhiza @ 4 kg/acre at 15 days after sowing.
  • Spraying Thiaphanate methyl 75% WP @ 300 gm/acre at before flowering.
  • Spraying Propiconazole 25% EC @ 125 ml/acre at pod formation stage.

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Happy Govardhan Puja

08/11/2018Posted on

A day of festivities and bliss,

Govardhan puja is here again,

May lord krishna bring you love and luck,

And destroy all the evils and pain.

Happy Govardhan Puja From Gramophone team.

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Happy Diwali

06/11/2018Posted on

Happy Diwali

On this illuminating festival of light,

May the glow of joy,

Prosperity and happiness

light up your in the year ahead.

Happy and safe diwali from Gramophone team.

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