Gramophone – Page 19

Identify the symptoms of fusarium wilt in cotton and adopt control measures

10/08/2025 Friday August 8th, 2025

Fusarium Wilt is one of the major diseases of cotton.
Discolourations of leaves start from the margins and spread towards midribs.
The veins become darker, narrower and have spots.
Browning and blackening of vascular tissues.

Control of Fusarium wilt in cotton crop:-
Adopt a six-year crop rotation.
Level up after deep ploughing (6-7 inches).
Use disease-free seed.
Seed treatment with 2.5 g/kg Carmanova (Carbendazim 12%+ Mancozeb 63% WP)
Before flowering take a spray of NovaPhanate (thiophanate methyl 75%wp) @ 300 gm/acre.
Spray Zerox (Propiconazole 25%) @ 200 ml/acre at boll formation.

Onion crop will be damaged due to Damping off disease, know how to prevent

09/08/2025 Friday August 8th, 2025

High soil moisture and moderate temperature along with high humidity, especially in the rainy season leads to the development of the disease.
Pre-emergence damping off results in seed and seedling rot before these emerge out of the soil.
Post-emergence damping off results in pathogen attack on the collar region of seedlings on the surface of the soil.
The collar portion rots and ultimately the seedling collapses and dies.
Healthy seeds should be selected for sowing.
Spray of Carmanova (Carbendazim 12%+ Mancozeb 63% WP) @ 500gm/Acre.

Identify leaf blast disease in paddy and adopt preventive measures soon

08/08/2025 Friday August 8th, 2025

Rice blast is one of the most destructive diseases of rice.
A leaf blast infection can kill seedlings or plants up to the tillering stage.
At later growth stages, a severe leaf blast infection reduces leaf area for grain fill, reducing grain yield.
Initial symptoms appear as white to grey-green lesions or spots, with dark green borders.
Older lesions on the leaves are elliptical or spindle-shaped and whitish to grey centres with red to brownish or necrotic borders.

Control Measures

Treat the seed with 2.5 g/kg Carmanova (Carbendazim 12%+ Mancozeb 63% WP)
Remove and burn the infected plant debris in the soil after deep summer ploughing during June-July.
Apply increased doses of potash with a balanced dose of nitrogenous and phosphatic fertilizers.
Apply heavy doses of farm yard manure or other organic manures at 100t/ha.

Sheath Blight will cause heavy loss in paddy, take preventive measures soon

07/08/2025 Thursday August 7th, 2025

Sheath Blight is a fungal disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Due to the development of high-yielding and highly fertilizer-consuming species, this disease occupies a prominent place in paddy diseases.
Its effect is so much that it can cause up to 50 per cent loss in yield. The infection of this disease starts appearing in the nursery itself. Due to this, the plants start rotting from below.
In the main field, these symptoms appear at the final stage of tillering. Spots begin to form on the leaf sheaths above the water surface. The shape of these spots is irregular the edge is dark brown and the middle part is light coloured. Circular spots are formed on the leaves.
Many small spots together make a big spot. Due to this the sheath, stem, and flag leaf get completely affected and the plant dies. In the fields, this disease appears more acute in August and September. In infected plants, spikes emerge and grains are also not formed.
Spray Novacone (Hexaconazole 5% EC) @ 400 ml or Sheathmar (Validamycin 3% L) @ 600 – 800 ml per acre as soon as initial symptoms appear.

Give protection to soybean crop from the outbreak of Rust disease

05/08/2025 Thursday August 7th, 2025

This disease is caused by a fungus called Cacopsora pachyrhizi. When the temperature remains between 18 to 28 degree Celsius due to continuous rains or the expected humidity is around 80 percent or leaves remain wet, then the possibility of Rust disease increases.

On the leaves of plants affected by this disease, needle-tip-shaped spots appear on the lower surface. Within a short time, these spots start growing in groups and spread over the entire leaf. They emit a brown powder which falls on the healthy leaves and increases the severity of the disease.

Spray Novacone (Hexaconazole 5% EC) 300 ml or Galileo (Picoxystrobin 22.52% w/w SC) 160 ml/acre in 150 liters of water at the initial stage of the disease.

Yellow mosaic disease will increase in soybean, know the control measures

04/08/2025 Friday August 1st, 2025

In the initial stage of this disease, dark yellow coloured spots start appearing on the husks. These spots gradually spread and merge with each other. Due to this, the whole leaf turns yellow. Due to the yellowing of the leaves, many biological functions are adversely affected and the synthesis of essential food substances is not possible in the plants. Because of this, flowers are less on the plants and even if pods are planted, the development of grains is not possible in them. Whiteflies are this virus’s vectors and spread the disease to the entire crop.

Yellow mosaic disease control measures

To control this disease, apply yellow sticky traps in your field at the initial stage itself, which will help in controlling the white fly that spreads its infection. To prevent this, remove the affected plants from your field as soon as you see the symptoms of yellow mosaic disease on the crop. Spray recommended pre-mixed contact chemicals like Sperto (acetamiprid 25% + bifenthrin 25% WG) at the rate of 100 g per acre for control of white fly in such field to control white fly.

Importance of Organic Carbon for soil

31/07/2025 Friday July 18th, 2025

Humus is made of organic matter which improves soil health and maintains soil fertility.
The physical and chemical quality of the soil increases with its excess in the soil. The physical quality of the soil like soil structure, water holding capacity, etc. is increased by organic carbon.
Organic carbon is also very useful for the transfer and conversion of nutrients and for the growth of microorganisms.
It also prevents the leaching of nutrients.

Humic acid is very important in organic farming

30/07/2025 Friday July 18th, 2025

Humic acid is a versatile mineral produced from the mine. It can also be called soil conditioner in common language.
It increases the fertility of barren land and gives a new life by improving the structure of the soil.
Its most important function is to make the soil friable so that the development of roots can be more.
It accelerates the action of photosynthesis, which causes greenness in the plant and increases the branches.
It promotes the development of tertiary roots of the plants due to which the absorption of nutrients from the soil is more.
It also increases soil fertility by increasing plants’ metabolic activities.
It is also helpful in increasing the crop yield by increasing the fruits and flowers in the plants.
It increases the germination capacity of the seed and also protects the plants from adverse environments.

Onion yield will be unmatched, Pushkar seeds of Pancharatna are amazing

29/07/2025 Friday July 18th, 2025

To get a powerful yield of onion, you can choose the Pushkar seeds of Panchratna. Let us know what are the qualities of this seed.

Kharif and late Kharif varieties
2.5 to 3 kg seed rate
Deep red oval tuber
80 to 100 grams of tubers
80 to 90 days crop duration
2 Months Storage Capacity

Know how to manage fertilizers in 20 to 30 days crop stage of chilli

28/07/2025 Friday July 18th, 2025

Just as fertilizer management is necessary at the time of planting of chillies, similarly fertilizer management is very necessary 20 to 30 days after transplanting.
This management is done for the good growth of the chilli crop and to increase immunity against diseases.
At this time, the chilli plant roots are growing in the ground, at that time fertilizer management is very important for good growth of roots.
fertilizer management requires urea @ 45 kg/acre DAP @ 50 kg/acre, magnesium sulfate @ 15 kg/acre, sulfur @ 5 kg/acre, and zinc sulfate @ 5 kg/acre.
It is necessary to have moisture in the field at the time of use of fertilizers.

Fusarium Wilt is one of the major diseases of cotton.

Discolourations of leaves start from the margins and spread towards midribs.

The veins become darker, narrower and have spots.

Browning and blackening of vascular tissues.

Control of Fusarium wilt in cotton crop:-

Adopt a six-year crop rotation.

Level up after deep ploughing (6-7 inches).

Use disease-free seed.

Seed treatment with 2.5 g/kg Carmanova (Carbendazim 12%+ Mancozeb 63% WP)

Before flowering take a spray of NovaPhanate (thiophanate methyl 75%wp) @ 300 gm/acre.

Spray Zerox (Propiconazole 25%) @ 200 ml/acre at boll formation.

High soil moisture and moderate temperature along with high humidity, especially in the rainy season leads to the development of the disease.

Pre-emergence damping off results in seed and seedling rot before these emerge out of the soil.

Post-emergence damping off results in pathogen attack on the collar region of seedlings on the surface of the soil.

The collar portion rots and ultimately the seedling collapses and dies.

Healthy seeds should be selected for sowing.

Spray of Carmanova (Carbendazim 12%+ Mancozeb 63% WP) @ 500gm/Acre.

Rice blast is one of the most destructive diseases of rice.

A leaf blast infection can kill seedlings or plants up to the tillering stage.

At later growth stages, a severe leaf blast infection reduces leaf area for grain fill, reducing grain yield.

Initial symptoms appear as white to grey-green lesions or spots, with dark green borders.

Older lesions on the leaves are elliptical or spindle-shaped and whitish to grey centres with red to brownish or necrotic borders.

Control Measures

Treat the seed with 2.5 g/kg Carmanova (Carbendazim 12%+ Mancozeb 63% WP)

Remove and burn the infected plant debris in the soil after deep summer ploughing during June-July.

Apply increased doses of potash with a balanced dose of nitrogenous and phosphatic fertilizers.

Apply heavy doses of farm yard manure or other organic manures at 100t/ha.

Sheath Blight is a fungal disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Due to the development of high-yielding and highly fertilizer-consuming species, this disease occupies a prominent place in paddy diseases.

Its effect is so much that it can cause up to 50 per cent loss in yield. The infection of this disease starts appearing in the nursery itself. Due to this, the plants start rotting from below.

In the main field, these symptoms appear at the final stage of tillering. Spots begin to form on the leaf sheaths above the water surface. The shape of these spots is irregular the edge is dark brown and the middle part is light coloured. Circular spots are formed on the leaves.

Many small spots together make a big spot. Due to this the sheath, stem, and flag leaf get completely affected and the plant dies. In the fields, this disease appears more acute in August and September. In infected plants, spikes emerge and grains are also not formed.

Spray Novacone (Hexaconazole 5% EC) @ 400 ml or Sheathmar (Validamycin 3% L) @ 600 – 800 ml per acre as soon as initial symptoms appear.

This disease is caused by a fungus called Cacopsora pachyrhizi. When the temperature remains between 18 to 28 degree Celsius due to continuous rains or the expected humidity is around 80 percent or leaves remain wet, then the possibility of Rust disease increases.

On the leaves of plants affected by this disease, needle-tip-shaped spots appear on the lower surface. Within a short time, these spots start growing in groups and spread over the entire leaf. They emit a brown powder which falls on the healthy leaves and increases the severity of the disease.

Spray Novacone (Hexaconazole 5% EC) 300 ml or Galileo (Picoxystrobin 22.52% w/w SC) 160 ml/acre in 150 liters of water at the initial stage of the disease.

Yellow mosaic disease control measures

Humus is made of organic matter which improves soil health and maintains soil fertility.

The physical and chemical quality of the soil increases with its excess in the soil. The physical quality of the soil like soil structure, water holding capacity, etc. is increased by organic carbon.

Organic carbon is also very useful for the transfer and conversion of nutrients and for the growth of microorganisms.

It also prevents the leaching of nutrients.

Humic acid is a versatile mineral produced from the mine. It can also be called soil conditioner in common language.

It increases the fertility of barren land and gives a new life by improving the structure of the soil.

Its most important function is to make the soil friable so that the development of roots can be more.

It accelerates the action of photosynthesis, which causes greenness in the plant and increases the branches.

It promotes the development of tertiary roots of the plants due to which the absorption of nutrients from the soil is more.

It also increases soil fertility by increasing plants’ metabolic activities.

It is also helpful in increasing the crop yield by increasing the fruits and flowers in the plants.

It increases the germination capacity of the seed and also protects the plants from adverse environments.

To get a powerful yield of onion, you can choose the Pushkar seeds of Panchratna. Let us know what are the qualities of this seed.

Kharif and late Kharif varieties

2.5 to 3 kg seed rate

Deep red oval tuber

80 to 100 grams of tubers

80 to 90 days crop duration

2 Months Storage Capacity

Just as fertilizer management is necessary at the time of planting of chillies, similarly fertilizer management is very necessary 20 to 30 days after transplanting.

This management is done for the good growth of the chilli crop and to increase immunity against diseases.

At this time, the chilli plant roots are growing in the ground, at that time fertilizer management is very important for good growth of roots.

fertilizer management requires urea @ 45 kg/acre DAP @ 50 kg/acre, magnesium sulfate @ 15 kg/acre, sulfur @ 5 kg/acre, and zinc sulfate @ 5 kg/acre.

It is necessary to have moisture in the field at the time of use of fertilizers.