Post Harvest Management

Post-harvest management in wheat

Yellow and dry straw is visual indicator.
Shredding, breaking of spikes are overripe.
Most suitable stage is grain moisture of 13-14 %.
Manually harvested by reapers is dried for 3-4 days on threshing floor and threshed.
Always store the seed in new bags in godowns and should be fumigated to keep the attack of stored grain pests.
Grains with less than 10 to 11 % moisture store well.

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The crop is harvested when the grains become hard and the straw becomes yellow dry and brittle.
In recent years in some states harvesting and threshing is done by combine harvester at a large scale.
Cereals are harvested at about 15 percent of the moisture in the grain.
Wheat should be yellow at the time of wheat harvest.
Wheat harvesting, wheat harvesting is done at 110-130 days after sowing.

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Drying harvested crop for five to six days.
After drying, the harvested crop is threshing by thresher.
Before storing, the harvested grains should be well dried.
To avoid the attack of pulse beetle during the storage of gram, dip the bag in 10% Malathion solution.

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With about 13 to 15 percent humidity, the harvesting of the crop decreases with fewer grains.
There is a big impact on the presence of chickpeas, e.g. colour.
Visual appearance is often important for its market value.
The harvest should be stored only by cleaning.
Regular monitoring of pulses in storage hygiene, wastewater cooling and storage is very important.
Take special care of moisture in the grain during storage.
The quantity of low moisture can be broken during the harvest and handling.
If the environment is not favorable, the breaking of grain is increasing so decrease the quality and life of the storage of seed and germination of seed.
Grain should be healthy so that the market will get good value in the crop market.

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04/03/2019

Before storage, the grains should be properly dried.
The storehouses should be well ventilated and “pucca” cement concrete or brick made storehouses are recommended.
Maintenance of adequate free space (2-2 ft.) between stacks.
Stacks should be well separated from the wall and ceiling.
Time to time aeration of the storehouse reduces the moisture content and prevents the lesser grain borer growth.
Damp and wet bags should not be used for storing grains.
Grains should be frequently inspected at least once a month during dry season and once a fortnight during rainy season.
The damp and moist grains should be disposed off at earliest or should be removed from the store house to be dried in the sun.
Malathion spray @ 100 mg/square meter is a better choice.
Treating infested grain with dichlorvos @ 0.5 gm/square meter
Mix 10 gram of deltamethrin per liter of water spray in storage house.
Pesticides are poisons so it is essential to follow all safety precaution on labels.

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11/12/2018

Harvest and Post Harvest Management of Onion

Harvest:-

Onion is ready for harvest in 3-5 month after transplanting depending on variety.
During hot days when soil is hard, bulbs are pulled out with a hand hoe.
Plants are uprooted by hand and their roots are cut.
They are washed and bundled as per market requirement.
Yield of Kharif crop in comparatively low than rabi.

Grading:-

After curing, onions are graded and classified by grading machine and hand.
Before storage, double, broken, rotten bulbs and bulbs having in desirable features are removed.
Outer dry scales are removed during grading.
Cured bulbs are graded based on size and depending on local market and export.

Packaging:-

Jute bags are used onion packaging for sending to distance markets by trucks trains or even by air.
Generally, 40 kg capacity jute bags are used for transport with in country whereas, for export jute bags of 8-25 kg capacity is used.
Onion should be packed in 14-15 kg capacity cane baskets for export purpose.

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