The bacterium Pseudomonas syringae causes round, white to light tan spots on leaves. Spots typically have a brown border. This disease often appears after a rainstorm when warm (75-85°F is favourable). During storms, splashing water disperses the pathogen and wounds that occur (such as by blowing soil) enable the pathogen to enter the leaf.
and may merge into necrotic cystic striae, eventually drying up and leading to papery eyelids. 2 Holcus leaf spot can also be seen in eyespot as a fungal disease, which also has circular spots with a brown border and yellow halo.

Preventive Measures

• Plant late to avoid wet climatic conditions that spread the disease.

• Avoid working in fields when foliage is wet.

• Avoid overhead irrigation.

• Clear the field of weeds and alternative hosts.

• Do not compost or leave plant residues near plantations.

• Remove infected plants immediately and burn their remains.

• Crop rotation with non-susceptible crops is recommended.

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