Black rust – Gramophone

Pustules can be seen after 10-20 days of infection.
In addition to wheat it can also attack barley, rye and triticale.
Black rust produces reddish-brown spore masses in oval, elongated or spindle-shaped pustules on the stems and leaves.
Unlike leaf rust, pustules erupt through both sides of the leaves.
Ruptured pustules release masses of stem rust spores.
Black rust develops at higher temperatures than the other wheat rusts within a range of 18-30°C.

Management-

Destroy volunteer wheat plants. Crop rotation is very important.
Growing resistant varieties is an economical and environmentally friendly way of disease reduction.
During the growing season, active crop monitoring is very important for an early detection of diseases.
Avoid repeated use of fungicides with the same active ingredient.
Spray Kasugamycin 5% + Copper Oxychloride 45% WP 320 gm/acre or Propiconazole 25% EC 240 gm/acre.

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