BitterGourd – Page 2

Control of Red Pumpkin Beetle in Bitter Gourd

As insect pupates in the soil, deep plowing soon after the crop exposes and kill grubs and pupae.
Apply Cartap hydrochloride 3 G granule + 2 kg beauveria bassiana 3-4cm deep in the soil near the base of germinated seedlings.
Spray the crop with2 kg beauveria bassiana + Cypermathrin 4 % EC +Profenofos 40%EC @ 400 ML/acre.or
Spray the crop with 2 kg beauveria bassiana + lambda Cyhalothrin 4.9%CS @ 200ml/acre.

The grubs feed on the roots and underground portion of host plants and fruits touching the soil.
The damaged roots and infested underground, a portion of stems start rotting due to secondary infection by saprophytic fungi, and the unripe fruits of such vines dry up.
Infested fruits become unfit for human consumption.
Adult beetles feed voraciously on leaf lamina making irregular holes.
They prefer young seedling and tender leaves and damage may even kill the seedlings.

Collect and destroy infested fruits.
To prevent egg-laying, fly traps(pheromone trap) can be set up in the field with 1% Methyl Eugenol or Citronella oil or Vinegar or Dextrose or Acetic acid or Lactic acid.
Cover developing fruits with paper or polythene cover immediately after anthesis pollination.
Maize plants grown in rows at a distance of 8-10 cm in the field is effective as flies rest on such tall plants.
Deep plowing to expose hibernating stages.
spray dichlorvos 76% EC 250 to 500ml/acre or
Lambda Cyhalothrin 4.9%CS @ 200 ml/acre. or
Profenofos 40%EC + Cypermethrin 4 %EC @ 400 ml/acre

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Collect and destroy infested fruits.
To prevent egg-laying, fly traps(pheromone trap) can be set up in the field with 1% Methyl Eugenol or Citronella oil or Vinegar or Dextrose or Acetic acid or Lactic acid.
Cover developing fruits with paper or polythene cover immediately after anthesis pollination.
Maize plants grown in rows at a distance of 8-10 cm in the field is effective as flies rest on such tall plants.
Deep plowing to expose hibernating stages.
spray dichlorvos 76% EC 250 to 500ml/acre or
Lambda Cyhalothrin 4.9%CS @ 200 ml/acre. or
Profenofos 40%EC + Cypermethrin 4 %EC @ 400 ml/acre

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The maggot burrows into the fruits and sucks the sap.
Infested fruits decay and drop.
They fly mainly prefer tender fruits for egg-laying.
Ovipositional punctures caused by adults also cause injury on fruits and fruit juices oozes out.
This also results in distorted and malformed.
The maggots feed on the pulp of fruits as well as on the immature seeds and cause premature dropping of fruits.

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The affected plants have to be uprooted and destroyed to prevent the spread of the disease.
For effective control of aphid fortnightly spray of acephate 75 % SP @ 300- 400 gm / acre or Imidacloprid 17.8% SL @ 100 ml /acre or acetamiprid 20% SP @ 150-200 gm/ acre.

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The use of fertilizer depends on soil fertility, climate and planting season.
Apply well-rotted FYM / compost @ 6-8 t/acre at the time of land preparation and mix well with the soil.
Use urea 30-40 kg, DAP 35-50 kg, and MOP 20-40 kg / acre.
Before planting half urea and full dose of DAP and MOP should be used. Use other half urea during 15 Days after sowing and 30 days after sowing.

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Increase micronutrients availability to plant from the soil like Mn, Mg, Fe, Mo, B, Zn and Cu in addition to P2O5.
Encourage faster root growth for water and nutrient uptake.
PSB produce organic acids like malic, succinic, fumaric, citric, tartaric acid and acetic acid which fasten the P2O5 uptake, maturity and increase yield.
Increase resistance towards diseases and drought tolerance due to rapid cell development in the plants.
Reduce 25 – 30% phosphatic fertilizer requirement.

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The affected parts turn yellow, get curled, wrinkle and deformed in shape and ultimately dry and die away.
Spray dimethoate 30 ml per pump or Imidacloprid 17.8% SL 10 ml per pump at fortnightly intervals.

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Bitter gourd seeds have a hard seed coat; soak 2-3-month-old seeds overnight in cold water.
Seeds are then kept in moist cloth and kept for one or two days for germination.
Seeds are immediately sown in pits after germination.
4-5 seeds are directly sown in each pit.
About 1.5- 2 kg local seed is enough for a acre.
400-600 gm/acre seed for hybrid and private sector varieties. seed rate vary on variety to variety and sowing spacing.
Direct seed sowing is the most common method of planting.
On raised furrow beds, 4-5 seeds are sown per hole at a depth of 2 cm.

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