Gramophone – Page 674

The grubs feed on the roots and underground portion of host plants and fruits touching the soil.
The damaged roots and infested underground, a portion of stems start rotting due to secondary infection by saprophytic fungi, and the unripe fruits of such vines dry up.
Infested fruits become unfit for human consumption.
Adult beetles feed voraciously on leaf lamina making irregular holes.
They prefer young seedling and tender leaves and damage may even kill the seedlings.

Use uniform irrigation and fertilization practices to prevent the phase of bulb splitting.
The use of slow growth of the onion bulb varieties can reduce the incidence of this disorder.

Uneven irrigation of onion fields increases the incidence of this disorder.
Fields that are over irrigated, allowed to dry completely and then over irrigated again often have many split bulbs.
Bulb mites are frequently associated with bulb splitting.

Use healthy seeds and treat them with Carbendazim+Mancozeb @ 250 Gm/ quintals seed before sowing.
Spray infected crop with Mancozeb 75% @ 400 gm/Acre at flowering and afterwards at 10-15 days intervals . or
Spray infected crop with Thiophanate methyl 70% Wp @ 250 gram/acre.or
Spray infected crop with Chlorothrlonil 75% WP @ 250 gram/acre.
Remove diseased plants and destroy them.
Maintain proper drainage.

Small, purple spots appear on leaves which may enlarge, turn brown and become zonate with a definite margin.
Similar lesions also appear on the stem which elongate and coalesce causing browning or blackening of stem.
On the pods, lesions are tan or brown in colour and irregular having a dark margin.

To install solar panels under the Kusum scheme, farmers have to pay 10 percent of the total cost of the equipment.
The remaining amount, 30 percent will be paid by the Central Government as subsidy while 30 percent by the State Government.
Remaining 30 percent, farmers can take loans from banks.
The government also helps farmers take loans from banks.

Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan (KUSUM) scheme main object farmers will be able to easily irrigate their fields without any hindrance.
Central Government has given its responsibility to Energy Efficiency Services Limited (EESL) Company

Marigolds are highly valuable for medicinal purposes like headaches, swelling, toothache, wounds, Cancer & Rashes and many skin problems
Petals of marigold for decorations and other purposes like make-up, coloring food (stews, soups, pudding etc) dying fabrics
Heals Skin Wounds, Burns ,Cancer & Rashes.
Marigolds are also used in extract form in candles.

Well-drained silt or loam soil are suited for cultivation.
For rainfed cultivation, the soil should be clay in nature and the pH should be 6-8.
Coriander performs well at a temperature range of 20-25oC.
Cool and comparatively dry and frost-free climate is suitable for coriander.

Small green insects, adults are large pear-shaped green, yellow or pink in color.

Damage:-

Suck the plant sap from leaves, flowers, and pods.
The affected leaves often get cupped or become irregularly distorted, shoots become stunted and malformed.
Honeydew secreted by the aphids encourages the growth of Sooty mold.