Tip of the day – Page 79

Integrated pest management of Diamondback Moth in cole crops

03/08/2021 Wednesday August 4th, 2021

The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella is one of the most destructive pests of cole crops like Cauliflower, cabbage and broccoli. The caterpillar of this insect eats away the green matter of the leaves and only white membrane remains at the eaten site which later turns into pores and gradually the damage starts appearing on the whole plant. This pest can reduce the marketable yield by 50-80%. Its outbreak is more visible in the months of September to October and March to April.

Management:

Grow two rows of mustard after every 25 rows of cabbage/ cauliflower as a trap crop at the time of planting. One row of mustard is sown 15 days before cabbage planting and the second row 25 days after planting of cabbage. The first and last rows of plots are also mustard.
Installation of light traps for adult DBM @ 3-4 traps / acre.
Spraying with Bacillus thuringiensis 100 gm or Spinosad 45 % SC 75 ml per acre and repeating it at 10- 15 days intervals.
Chemical control- Spray at Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG 100 gm or Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 % SC 60 ml per acre.

How to control Fruit and Shoot Borer in brinjal crop

03/08/2021 Tuesday August 3rd, 2021

It is a very harmful pest of brinjal plants. Its most damaging stage is a larva, which bores through the terminal parts of the midrib of large leaves, tender shoots and stems later on it also enters into flower buds and fruits. The pest can cause 70-100 % damage to the brinjal crops.
Prevention- Select disease-resistant varieties.
Uproot the diseased plants and fruits and throw them out of the field.
Use a pheromone trap 10 / acre.
Spray insecticides in the crop on time.
Chemical control- For the control of this pest, spray at Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG 100 gm or Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 % SC 60 ml or Spinosad 45 % SC 75 ml or Quinalphos 25% Ec 400 ml dissolved in 200 litres of water per acre.
Biological control – Spray Bavaria bassiana @ 500 gm/acre.

How to control Aphid in Maize Crop

30/07/2021 Thursday July 29th, 2021

Nymphs and adults are soft pear-shaped to black in colour.
In groups of young and adults appear to the lower surface of the leaves, which suck the cell sap of the leaves.
The affected part turns yellow and shrinks. In case of severe infestation, the leaves dry up and gradually the whole plant dries up.
Fruit size and quality are reduced.
Honeydew is secreted on the surface of leaves by aphids, which leads to the development of fungus. The process of photosynthesis of the plant is affected, ultimately the growth of the plant stops.
Spray Imidacloprid 17.8%SL @ 100 ml/acre or Acephate 75% SP @ 300 gram/acre or Acetamiprid 20% SP @ 100 gram/acre.
As a biological treatment, spray Beauveria bassiana@ 500 gram/acre.

Symptoms and control of anthracnose disease in soybean

29/07/2021 Wednesday July 28th, 2021

Irregularly shaped spots appear on the pods of infected plants. This disease is usually seen on the stem of soybean, at the time of maturity. Anthracnose causes the death of soybean tissue. The disease usually infects the developing stem and leaves. Its symptoms can be seen as various coloured spots or lesions (blight) on leaves, stems, fruits, or flowers, and some infections also occur in the form of cankers on twigs and branches. The severity of infection depends on both the causative agent and the species infected.
The spread of disease should be prevented by keeping the fields clean and adopting proper crop rotation.
Treat the seeds with Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63%WP @ 2.5 gm/kg of seed.
To control this disease, spray Mancozeb 75% WP @ 500 gm / acre or Chlorothalonil 75% WP @ 400 gm/ acre or Hexaconazole 5% SC @ 400 ml / acre.
Use Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 250 gm/acre or Trichoderma viride @ 500 gm/acre as biological treatment.

How to control Mites in chilli crop

27/07/2021 Tuesday July 27th, 2021

These insects are small and red in colour, which is found in large quantities on the soft parts of the chilli crop such as leaves, flower buds, and twigs; the plants on which there is an attack of mites are visible on that part of the plant. By sucking the sap of the soft parts of the plant weakens them and finally, it affects the growth of the plant.
Chemical Management: Propargite 57% EC @ 400 ml/acre or Spiromesifen 22.9% SC @ 200 ml/acre or Abamectin 1.9% EC @ 150 ml/acre. for control of mites in chilli crop.
Biological treatment: As a biological treatment, spray Beauveria bassiana @ 500 gram/acre.

What measures should be taken at the stage of flowering in the tomato crop

26/07/2021 Monday July 26th, 2021

Flowering starts at the age of 35-40 days in the tomato crop.
The flowering stage is very important in tomatoes. This determines the direction of good production.
The production of fruits in the tomato crop depends a lot on the number of flowers. It is very important to save flowers at this time.
By using some of the products given below, the number of flowers in the tomato crop can be increased and saved from dropping.
Spray Homobrassinolide 0.04% w/w 100-120 ml/acre or Peclobutazole 30 ml/acre.
Use as spray Gibberellic acid @ 200 ml/acre.
At this time, there is a high possibility of fungal and insect infestation in the crop, in this situation, spray fungicide and insecticide as per the requirement.

Control of green caterpillar in soybean crop

26/07/2021 Monday July 26th, 2021

The adult of this caterpillar is of medium size and golden yellow in color. Front wings brown in color with a large golden triangular spot. Eggs are yellow in color and round. Newborn caterpillars are green in colour, fully grown caterpillars are 4 mm long. is long
Outbreak: After hatching from the eggs, small caterpillars scrape the soft leaves of soybean and eat it, in case of severe outbreak, the greenness of the plant ends. When there are more clouds in the sky, then the outbreak of this caterpillar is more. Big caterpillars first damage the leaves of soybean, then damage the grains by piercing the pod.
To save the soybean crop from this caterpillar, three types of prevention can be done. mechanically, chemically and biologically
Mechanical control: – Before sowing the soybean, do deep plowing of the field in summer so that the pupa of this caterpillar gets destroyed in the ground itself. Do not sow before monsoon as it gives proper temperature to caterpillars to increase their numbers. Do not sow the crop too densely. If any infected plant is seen then uproot it and destroy it. For better control of caterpillars, install pheromone traps at the rate of 10 numbers per acre in the field. The lure of this trap should be changed after every 3 weeks.
Chemical Control:- Spray Profenofos 40% + Cypermethrin 4% EC @ 400 ml/acre or Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG @ 100 gm/acre or Flubendamide 20% WG @ 100 gm/acre or Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC @ 60 ml/acre|
Biological control:- Spray Bavaria bassiana @ 500 gm/acre.

Nutritional management during the ball formation in cotton crop

24/07/2021 Saturday July 24th, 2021

In cotton, the initial stage of ball formation occurs at the age of 40-45 days. The cotton crop requires more nutrients at this stage. For this, the following nutrients can be used, so that the formation and production of balls in the cotton crop are good and the farmer gets the benefit.
At this stage, it is beneficial to use the following products for fertilizer management.
Add urea @ 30 kg + MOP @ 30 kg + magnesium sulphate @ 10 kg/acre in the soil.
Urea:- In the cotton crop, urea is the biggest source of nitrogen supply. With its use, there is no problem like yellowing and drying of leaves, urea accelerates the process of photosynthesis.
MOP (Potash):- Potash plays an important role in transporting the sugar synthesized in the cotton plant to all parts of the plant. Potash promotes the efficiency of natural nitrogen. Increases immunity in plants.
Magnesium Sulphate:- In cotton crops, the use of Magnesium Sulphate increases greenery in the cotton crop and accelerates the process of photosynthesis, ultimately leading to higher yield and quality of production.
By doing nutrition management in this way, the supply of nitrogen in the cotton crop is very good. Potash increases the number and size of balls. Magnesium Sulphate supplies micronutrients. A healthy ball is formed and cotton production is also very high.

How to manage weeds in onion crop

23/07/2021 Friday July 23rd, 2021

Naturally, many macro and micronutrients are found in the soil, which are not fully available to the onion crop due to the infestation of more weeds.
Due to this, there is a deficiency of nutrients in the crops and there is a huge impact on the total yield of the crop.
Weed management from time to time is very necessary for good crop production of onion, for this it is very necessary to manage weeds in the following way.
Pendimethalin 38.7% CS @ 700 ml/acre is recommended for effective weed control in onions within 3 days of sowing.
Apply Propaquizafop 5% + Oxyfluorfen 12% EC @ 250-350 ml/acre in 25-30 days after planting.
Spray Oxyfluorfen @ 23.5% EC @ 100 ml/acre + Propaquizafop 10% EC @ 300 ml/acre or Quizalofop Ethyl 5% EC @ 300 ml/acre after 20 to 25 days.

Symptoms and control of angular spot disease in cotton crop

21/07/2021 Wednesday July 21st, 2021

Cotton angular spot disease, also known as bacterial blight, ball rot and black leg, is a potentially devastating bacterial disease. Angular spot disease mainly affects the leaves, watery spots appear on the leaves and these spots appear on the leaves in the early time.
These spots appear on the upper surface of the leaves, later spread over the entire leaf, the size of the spots gradually increase and become angular in size, the spots become brownish black as they get older.
Chemical Management: Spray Kasugamycin 5% + Copper Oxychloride 45% WP @ 300 gram/acre or Kasugamycin 3% SL @ 400 ml/acre or Streptomycin Sulphate 90% + Tetracycline Hydrochloride 10% W/W @ 20 gram/acre.
Biological Management: Spray Trichoderma viride @ 500 gram/acre or Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 250 gram/acre as a biological treatment.

Management:

Grow two rows of mustard after every 25 rows of cabbage/ cauliflower as a trap crop at the time of planting. One row of mustard is sown 15 days before cabbage planting and the second row 25 days after planting of cabbage. The first and last rows of plots are also mustard.

Installation of light traps for adult DBM @ 3-4 traps / acre.

Spraying with Bacillus thuringiensis 100 gm or Spinosad 45 % SC 75 ml per acre and repeating it at 10- 15 days intervals.

Chemical control- Spray at Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG 100 gm or Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 % SC 60 ml per acre.

It is a very harmful pest of brinjal plants. Its most damaging stage is a larva, which bores through the terminal parts of the midrib of large leaves, tender shoots and stems later on it also enters into flower buds and fruits. The pest can cause 70-100 % damage to the brinjal crops.

Prevention- Select disease-resistant varieties.

Uproot the diseased plants and fruits and throw them out of the field.

Use a pheromone trap 10 / acre.

Spray insecticides in the crop on time.

Chemical control- For the control of this pest, spray at Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG 100 gm or Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 % SC 60 ml or Spinosad 45 % SC 75 ml or Quinalphos 25% Ec 400 ml dissolved in 200 litres of water per acre.

Biological control – Spray Bavaria bassiana @ 500 gm/acre.

Nymphs and adults are soft pear-shaped to black in colour.

In groups of young and adults appear to the lower surface of the leaves, which suck the cell sap of the leaves.

The affected part turns yellow and shrinks. In case of severe infestation, the leaves dry up and gradually the whole plant dries up.

Fruit size and quality are reduced.

Honeydew is secreted on the surface of leaves by aphids, which leads to the development of fungus. The process of photosynthesis of the plant is affected, ultimately the growth of the plant stops.

Spray Imidacloprid 17.8%SL @ 100 ml/acre or Acephate 75% SP @ 300 gram/acre or Acetamiprid 20% SP @ 100 gram/acre.

As a biological treatment, spray Beauveria bassiana@ 500 gram/acre.

The spread of disease should be prevented by keeping the fields clean and adopting proper crop rotation.

Treat the seeds with Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63%WP @ 2.5 gm/kg of seed.

To control this disease, spray Mancozeb 75% WP @ 500 gm / acre or Chlorothalonil 75% WP @ 400 gm/ acre or Hexaconazole 5% SC @ 400 ml / acre.

Use Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 250 gm/acre or Trichoderma viride @ 500 gm/acre as biological treatment.

Chemical Management: Propargite 57% EC @ 400 ml/acre or Spiromesifen 22.9% SC @ 200 ml/acre or Abamectin 1.9% EC @ 150 ml/acre. for control of mites in chilli crop.

Biological treatment: As a biological treatment, spray Beauveria bassiana @ 500 gram/acre.

Flowering starts at the age of 35-40 days in the tomato crop.

The flowering stage is very important in tomatoes. This determines the direction of good production.

The production of fruits in the tomato crop depends a lot on the number of flowers. It is very important to save flowers at this time.

By using some of the products given below, the number of flowers in the tomato crop can be increased and saved from dropping.

Spray Homobrassinolide 0.04% w/w 100-120 ml/acre or Peclobutazole 30 ml/acre.

Use as spray Gibberellic acid @ 200 ml/acre.

At this time, there is a high possibility of fungal and insect infestation in the crop, in this situation, spray fungicide and insecticide as per the requirement.

The adult of this caterpillar is of medium size and golden yellow in color. Front wings brown in color with a large golden triangular spot. Eggs are yellow in color and round. Newborn caterpillars are green in colour, fully grown caterpillars are 4 mm long. is long

To save the soybean crop from this caterpillar, three types of prevention can be done. mechanically, chemically and biologically

Chemical Control:- Spray Profenofos 40% + Cypermethrin 4% EC @ 400 ml/acre or Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG @ 100 gm/acre or Flubendamide 20% WG @ 100 gm/acre or Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC @ 60 ml/acre|

Biological control:- Spray Bavaria bassiana @ 500 gm/acre.

In cotton, the initial stage of ball formation occurs at the age of 40-45 days. The cotton crop requires more nutrients at this stage. For this, the following nutrients can be used, so that the formation and production of balls in the cotton crop are good and the farmer gets the benefit.

At this stage, it is beneficial to use the following products for fertilizer management.

Add urea @ 30 kg + MOP @ 30 kg + magnesium sulphate @ 10 kg/acre in the soil.

Urea:- In the cotton crop, urea is the biggest source of nitrogen supply. With its use, there is no problem like yellowing and drying of leaves, urea accelerates the process of photosynthesis.

MOP (Potash):- Potash plays an important role in transporting the sugar synthesized in the cotton plant to all parts of the plant. Potash promotes the efficiency of natural nitrogen. Increases immunity in plants.

Magnesium Sulphate:- In cotton crops, the use of Magnesium Sulphate increases greenery in the cotton crop and accelerates the process of photosynthesis, ultimately leading to higher yield and quality of production.

By doing nutrition management in this way, the supply of nitrogen in the cotton crop is very good. Potash increases the number and size of balls. Magnesium Sulphate supplies micronutrients. A healthy ball is formed and cotton production is also very high.

Naturally, many macro and micronutrients are found in the soil, which are not fully available to the onion crop due to the infestation of more weeds.

Due to this, there is a deficiency of nutrients in the crops and there is a huge impact on the total yield of the crop.

Weed management from time to time is very necessary for good crop production of onion, for this it is very necessary to manage weeds in the following way.

Pendimethalin 38.7% CS @ 700 ml/acre is recommended for effective weed control in onions within 3 days of sowing.

Apply Propaquizafop 5% + Oxyfluorfen 12% EC @ 250-350 ml/acre in 25-30 days after planting.

Spray Oxyfluorfen @ 23.5% EC @ 100 ml/acre + Propaquizafop 10% EC @ 300 ml/acre or Quizalofop Ethyl 5% EC @ 300 ml/acre after 20 to 25 days.

Cotton angular spot disease, also known as bacterial blight, ball rot and black leg, is a potentially devastating bacterial disease. Angular spot disease mainly affects the leaves, watery spots appear on the leaves and these spots appear on the leaves in the early time.

These spots appear on the upper surface of the leaves, later spread over the entire leaf, the size of the spots gradually increase and become angular in size, the spots become brownish black as they get older.

Chemical Management: Spray Kasugamycin 5% + Copper Oxychloride 45% WP @ 300 gram/acre or Kasugamycin 3% SL @ 400 ml/acre or Streptomycin Sulphate 90% + Tetracycline Hydrochloride 10% W/W @ 20 gram/acre.

Biological Management: Spray Trichoderma viride @ 500 gram/acre or Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 250 gram/acre as a biological treatment.