Tip of the day – Page 64

Irrigation management in watermelon crop

10/02/2022 Thursday February 10th, 2022

Watermelon is a more water-consuming crop, but water logging is harmful. Overwatering at the bottom of the plant can lead to root rot and fruit rot.
Watermelon is cultivated especially in the Zaid season, so the interval of irrigation is very important in this.
Watermelon should be irrigated mainly at an interval of 3-5 days, that is, sufficient moisture should be maintained in the soil.
Soil moisture stress during the pre-flowering, flowering, and fruit development stage drastically reduce the yield.
Irrigation should be stopped during ripening as it adversely affects fruit quality and promotes fruit cracking.

With the sowing of the crop, connect your farm with the My Farm section of Gramophone app and keep on getting the exact advice and solutions related to smart agriculture throughout the crop cycle. Share this article with your friends with the share button below.

Solution of powdery mildew disease in watermelon

09/02/2022 Wednesday February 9th, 2022

As the temperature rises, the outbreak of this disease increases.
Usually, this disease affects the leaves, yellow to white powdery deposits appear on the upper and lower surface of the leaves.
Solution – Controlling the outbreak of this disease at an early stage gives good results.
Do not allow weeds in the field and in case of high infestation, remove the affected plants from the field.
For chemical management of the disease, spray Azoxystrobin 11% + Tebuconazole 18.3% SC [Custodia] @ 300 ml or Myclobutanil 10% WP [Index] 100 gm or Flusilazole 40% EC [Cursor] 60 ml/acre.
In biological management, spray Trichoderma viridi [Combat] @ 500 gm + Pseudomonas fluorescens [Monas kerb] @ 250 gm/acre.
Keep in mind that for this disease, do not use the same fungicide, again and again, use the fungicide alternately.

With the sowing of the crop, connect your farm with the My Farm section of Gramophone app and keep on getting the exact advice and solutions related to smart agriculture throughout the crop cycle. Share this article with your friends with the share button below.

Symptoms and treatment of gummy stem blight disease in watermelon crop

08/02/2022 Tuesday February 8th, 2022

The symptoms of Gummy stem blight first appear on the leaves and then on the stem in the form of dark brown spots.
The lesions often develop first at the leaf margin but eventually spread over the entire leaf.
The symptoms of Gamosis blight on the stem are visible as lesions. They are circular in shape and are brown in colour.
The main symptom of Gamosis blight or gummy stem blight is that the stem affected by this disease produces a sticky substance like gum.
For prevention of this disease use Kasugamycin 5% + Copper Oxychloride 45% WP [Conika] @ 300 gram/acre or Chlorothalonil 75% WP [Jatayu] @ 300 gram/acre or Tebuconazole 25.9% EC [Lark] @ 200 ml/acre
Use Pseudomonas fluorescens [Monas curb] @ 250gm /acre every month as biological treatment.

With the sowing of the crop, connect your farm with the My Farm section of Gramophone app and keep on getting the exact advice and solutions related to smart agriculture throughout the crop cycle. Share this article with your friends with the share button below.

Oil cake manure is better for crops

08/02/2022 Tuesday February 8th, 2022

The residue left after extracting oil from oilseeds is called cake. When it is used as manure in the field, it is called cake manure.
There are 2 types of oil cakes –
Edible oil cakes- It is edible for animals like cottonseed, mustard, taramira, groundnut, taramira, sesame, coconut etc.
Non-edible cakes- it is not edible for animals. They are used as manure in the field, like castor, mahua, neem, karanj etc. It also acts as a pesticide in the crop.
Nitrogen is found in higher quantities in oil cakes than cow dung manure and vermicompost, as well as phosphorus and potash are also found in oil cakes.
The number of nutrients available in different oil cakes-

Oil cake	Nitrogen %	Phosphorus %	Potash %
Castor	4.37	1.85	1.39
Mahua	2.51	0.80	1.85
Neem	5.22	1.08	1.48
Karanj	3.97	0.94	1.27

Know the method of application of oilcake in crops-

Oil cake manure comes in the category of concentrated organic manure, it can be used in the field both pre and post sowing.
Method of application of oil cakes pre-sowing – Apart from Mahua cake, the powder of all cakes should be used in the field 10-15 days before sowing.
Mahua cake decomposes late, so it should be used in the field 2 months before sowing. A chemical called saponin is found in it, due to the presence of which it is a good manure for paddy crops.
The cakes should be scattered in the field and mixed in the soil after ploughing lightly.
Method of application of cakes post sowing – After germination, use powdered oil cake near the plant.
Oilseeds can be used while earthing up in tuber root crops.
Keep in mind that after putting the cakes in the field, it is very important to have enough moisture in the soil for their decomposition.

Precautions to be taken while preparing a nursery

07/02/2022 Monday February 7th, 2022

The small place where the plants are kept for proper care in the initial stage is called a nursery.
Location selection for nursery- The nursery area should be higher than the surrounding area, land should be fertile and free from disorder, have sufficient sunlight, there should be a permanent system of irrigation, there should be a place free from pollution, there should be adequate arrangements for security, availability of local and cheap labourers. Keep all these things in mind while choosing a place for a nursery.
Use fertile soil, sand and vermicompost mixed in 2:1:1 respectively.
Sowing beds 3 m long and 1 m wide and 10 – 15 cm high raised are considered ideal.
Seed treatment – Before sowing, treat the seeds with Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% WP (Carmanova) @ 3 gm/kg of seed.
Irrigation – In autumn and summer, before germination, irrigation should be done daily in the evening.
Weeding and hoeing – Weeds should be removed by hand or with a hoe and do light hoeing from time to time.
Plant Protection – For fungal disease and pest management, 20 -25 days after sowing, mix Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP [Sanchar] 60 gm + Fipronil 40% + Imidacloprid 40% WG [Police] at 5 gm per 15 L of water, and drench well.

With the sowing of the crop, connect your farm with the My Farm section of Gramophone app and keep on getting the exact advice and solutions related to smart agriculture throughout the crop cycle. Share this article with your friends with the share button below.

One Onion Samriddhi Kit will bring many benefits to the crop

05/02/2022 Saturday February 5th, 2022

Gramophone special samriddhi Kit plays a vital role in plant growth by converting essential nutrients found in the soil into a soluble form.
This kit protects the plant from damage by eliminating the harmful fungi found in the soil.
This product is made from high-quality natural ingredients, it helps to increase the activity of microorganisms in the soil.
This kit helps in improving the pH of the soil and provides a good start to the roots so that the root can develop fully, which leads to good production of the crop.
The products available in this kit do not reduce the availability of nutrients in the soil by improving the soil structure, promoting root growth by improving the nutrients by the root system.
Helps in the absorption of nutrients from the soil through the roots. Promotes the activity of microorganisms in the soil.

With the sowing of the crop, connect your farm with the My Farm section of Gramophone app and keep on getting the exact advice and solutions related to smart agriculture throughout the crop cycle. Share this article with your friends with the share button below.

Neem cake and its uses

04/02/2022 Friday February 4th, 2022

Neem cake is an organic fertilizer. It contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, copper, sulfur, calcium, magnesium, iron and other micronutrients.
The use of Neem cake has dual benefits, it acts as a fertilizer as well as a pesticide.
Neem cake contains 8-10% neem oil which we use as an organic pesticide. When we use chemical insecticide continuously, then the resistance comes in the insect against that chemical and the next time the pest becomes stronger, but if we use neem oil cake as a pesticide, then it affects the insect hormone so that they are unable to grow any further and get destroyed.
The use of neem cake retains moisture in the soil and gives shine to the leaves and stems of plants.
The use of Neem cake increases the level of amino acids in plants. Which also increases the level of chlorophyll, due to which the plants appear green.
The use of neem cake also prevents fungal diseases, harmful bacteria and ants.
If flowers are not coming in plants or flowers are dropping or the size of the fruits is small, then all these problems go away with the use of neem cake.

Management of downy mildew in cucurbits

04/02/2022 Friday February 4th, 2022

Downy mildew is a serious and common fungal disease in cucurbits. Due to temperature decrease at night and high humidity, angular-shaped yellow spots are formed on the upper part of the leaves.
Grey-brown to orange-black spores are visible on the lower surface of the leaves.
As the disease progresses, infected leaves become wilted and scorched and fall off.
Its symptoms appear as brown spots on ripe fruits, later the fruits become deformed.
The deformed fruit is edible, but it has little or no value in the market.
Chemical control – Spray Azoxystrobin 11% + Tebuconazole 18.3% SC 300 ml or Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% at 600 gm/acre.
Biological control- Pseudomonas fluorescens can be used at the rate of 500 gm/acre.

With the sowing of the crop, connect your farm with the My Farm section of Gramophone app and keep on getting the exact advice and solutions related to smart agriculture throughout the crop cycle. Share this article with your friends with the share button below.

Spraying management in 85-90 days crop in wheat

03/02/2022 Thursday February 3rd, 2022

Wheat crop is one of the major Rabi crops.
Wheat crop remains in the stage of maturity in 80-90 days. At this stage, it is very important to give enough essential nutrients to the crop, as well as to protect from diseases caused by fungal diseases like loose smut, rust etc.
Spray Propiconazole 25% EC (Zerox) @ 200 ml/acre to prevent fungal diseases.
Use Pseudomonas fluorescens (Monas curb) @ 250 gm/acre as a biological treatment.
If caterpillar infestation is seen in the crop then Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG (Emanova) can be sprayed 100 gm/ acre.
Nutrition Management:- To increase the quality of grains, spray 00:00:50 @ 1 kg/acre.

With the sowing of the crop, connect your farm with the My Farm section of Gramophone app and keep on getting the exact advice and solutions related to smart agriculture throughout the crop cycle. Share this article with your friends with the share button below.

If your onion is 75-80 days old then do this spraying

03/02/2022 Thursday February 3rd, 2022

To get a high-quality yield from the onion crop, special care is required to increase the size of the bulbs at the age of 75-80 days and protect the crop from the damage of pests and diseases.
If the bulb is uniform in size, good and healthy, then the market price is also good and healthy bulbs can be stored for a long time.
At this time, farmers can get high yields by adopting the following suggestions –
For good yield, foliar spray of water-soluble fertilizers is necessary, for this spraying can be done at 00:00:50 @ 1 kg per acre. It helps in increasing the size of the onion.
For pest and disease management in the crop, spraying of Cyantraniliprole 10.26% OD (Benevia) 250 ml + Tebuconazole 25.9% EC (Folicure) @ 200 ml per acre can be done.
With the above spray, silicone-based stickers can be mixed with Chipko (Silico Max) 5 ml per 15-litre tank.

With the sowing of the crop, connect your farm with the My Farm section of Gramophone app and keep on getting the exact advice and solutions related to smart agriculture throughout the crop cycle. Share this article with your friends with the share button below.

Watermelon is a more water-consuming crop, but water logging is harmful. Overwatering at the bottom of the plant can lead to root rot and fruit rot.

Watermelon is cultivated especially in the Zaid season, so the interval of irrigation is very important in this.

Watermelon should be irrigated mainly at an interval of 3-5 days, that is, sufficient moisture should be maintained in the soil.

Soil moisture stress during the pre-flowering, flowering, and fruit development stage drastically reduce the yield.

Irrigation should be stopped during ripening as it adversely affects fruit quality and promotes fruit cracking.

As the temperature rises, the outbreak of this disease increases.

Usually, this disease affects the leaves, yellow to white powdery deposits appear on the upper and lower surface of the leaves.

Solution – Controlling the outbreak of this disease at an early stage gives good results.

Do not allow weeds in the field and in case of high infestation, remove the affected plants from the field.

For chemical management of the disease, spray Azoxystrobin 11% + Tebuconazole 18.3% SC [Custodia] @ 300 ml or Myclobutanil 10% WP [Index] 100 gm or Flusilazole 40% EC [Cursor] 60 ml/acre.

In biological management, spray Trichoderma viridi [Combat] @ 500 gm + Pseudomonas fluorescens [Monas kerb] @ 250 gm/acre.

Keep in mind that for this disease, do not use the same fungicide, again and again, use the fungicide alternately.

The symptoms of Gummy stem blight first appear on the leaves and then on the stem in the form of dark brown spots.

The lesions often develop first at the leaf margin but eventually spread over the entire leaf.

The symptoms of Gamosis blight on the stem are visible as lesions. They are circular in shape and are brown in colour.

The main symptom of Gamosis blight or gummy stem blight is that the stem affected by this disease produces a sticky substance like gum.

For prevention of this disease use Kasugamycin 5% + Copper Oxychloride 45% WP [Conika] @ 300 gram/acre or Chlorothalonil 75% WP [Jatayu] @ 300 gram/acre or Tebuconazole 25.9% EC [Lark] @ 200 ml/acre

Use Pseudomonas fluorescens [Monas curb] @ 250gm /acre every month as biological treatment.

The residue left after extracting oil from oilseeds is called cake. When it is used as manure in the field, it is called cake manure.

There are 2 types of oil cakes –

Edible oil cakes- It is edible for animals like cottonseed, mustard, taramira, groundnut, taramira, sesame, coconut etc.

Non-edible cakes- it is not edible for animals. They are used as manure in the field, like castor, mahua, neem, karanj etc. It also acts as a pesticide in the crop.

Nitrogen is found in higher quantities in oil cakes than cow dung manure and vermicompost, as well as phosphorus and potash are also found in oil cakes.

The number of nutrients available in different oil cakes-

Oil cake

Nitrogen %

Phosphorus %

Potash %

Castor

4.37

1.85

1.39

Mahua

2.51

0.80

1.85

Neem

5.22

1.08

1.48

Karanj

3.97

0.94

1.27

Know the method of application of oilcake in crops-

Oil cake manure comes in the category of concentrated organic manure, it can be used in the field both pre and post sowing.

Method of application of oil cakes pre-sowing – Apart from Mahua cake, the powder of all cakes should be used in the field 10-15 days before sowing.

Mahua cake decomposes late, so it should be used in the field 2 months before sowing. A chemical called saponin is found in it, due to the presence of which it is a good manure for paddy crops.

The cakes should be scattered in the field and mixed in the soil after ploughing lightly.

Method of application of cakes post sowing – After germination, use powdered oil cake near the plant.

Oilseeds can be used while earthing up in tuber root crops.

Keep in mind that after putting the cakes in the field, it is very important to have enough moisture in the soil for their decomposition.

The small place where the plants are kept for proper care in the initial stage is called a nursery.

Use fertile soil, sand and vermicompost mixed in 2:1:1 respectively.

Sowing beds 3 m long and 1 m wide and 10 – 15 cm high raised are considered ideal.

Seed treatment – Before sowing, treat the seeds with Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% WP (Carmanova) @ 3 gm/kg of seed.

Irrigation – In autumn and summer, before germination, irrigation should be done daily in the evening.

Weeding and hoeing – Weeds should be removed by hand or with a hoe and do light hoeing from time to time.

Plant Protection – For fungal disease and pest management, 20 -25 days after sowing, mix Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP [Sanchar] 60 gm + Fipronil 40% + Imidacloprid 40% WG [Police] at 5 gm per 15 L of water, and drench well.

Gramophone special samriddhi Kit plays a vital role in plant growth by converting essential nutrients found in the soil into a soluble form.

This kit protects the plant from damage by eliminating the harmful fungi found in the soil.

This product is made from high-quality natural ingredients, it helps to increase the activity of microorganisms in the soil.

This kit helps in improving the pH of the soil and provides a good start to the roots so that the root can develop fully, which leads to good production of the crop.

The products available in this kit do not reduce the availability of nutrients in the soil by improving the soil structure, promoting root growth by improving the nutrients by the root system.

Helps in the absorption of nutrients from the soil through the roots. Promotes the activity of microorganisms in the soil.

Neem cake is an organic fertilizer. It contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, copper, sulfur, calcium, magnesium, iron and other micronutrients.

The use of Neem cake has dual benefits, it acts as a fertilizer as well as a pesticide.

The use of neem cake retains moisture in the soil and gives shine to the leaves and stems of plants.

The use of Neem cake increases the level of amino acids in plants. Which also increases the level of chlorophyll, due to which the plants appear green.

The use of neem cake also prevents fungal diseases, harmful bacteria and ants.

If flowers are not coming in plants or flowers are dropping or the size of the fruits is small, then all these problems go away with the use of neem cake.

Downy mildew is a serious and common fungal disease in cucurbits. Due to temperature decrease at night and high humidity, angular-shaped yellow spots are formed on the upper part of the leaves.

Grey-brown to orange-black spores are visible on the lower surface of the leaves.

As the disease progresses, infected leaves become wilted and scorched and fall off.

Its symptoms appear as brown spots on ripe fruits, later the fruits become deformed.

The deformed fruit is edible, but it has little or no value in the market.

Chemical control – Spray Azoxystrobin 11% + Tebuconazole 18.3% SC 300 ml or Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% at 600 gm/acre.

Biological control- Pseudomonas fluorescens can be used at the rate of 500 gm/acre.

Wheat crop is one of the major Rabi crops.

Wheat crop remains in the stage of maturity in 80-90 days. At this stage, it is very important to give enough essential nutrients to the crop, as well as to protect from diseases caused by fungal diseases like loose smut, rust etc.