The problem and prevention of black rot in cabbage and cauliflower crops

29/07/2022Posted on

Symptoms of damage

This disease is caused by a bacterium called Xanthomonas campestris pv. It is most destructive in cabbage and cauliflower. Symptoms of this disease usually begin with yellowing on the edge of the leaf. And ‘V’ shaped spots are formed and appear like cyanosis and soaked in water. Later the veins of infected leaves turn black, in case of severe infection, the disease also appears on other parts of the cabbage. Due to which the flower stalks turn black from inside and start rotting. Eventually rotten and die.

preventive measures

For biological control, spray Monas Curb (Pseudomonas fluorescens) @ 500 gm/acre @ 150-200 Ltr of water.

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Know how a lady bird beetle is a farmer’s friend

28/07/2022Posted on

  • A beneficial small biological insect called lady bird beetle, which is also a friend of farmers and their crops.

  • They feed and destroy the sucking insects, thrips, aphids, scales and mites. and protect the crop. Even if there is no spraying of insecticide in many crops.

  • The lady bird beetle, by eating the insect in it, reduces their number and saves the crops from destruction. and helps in maintaining environmental balance.

  • A lady bird beetle can eat up to 100 to 200 aphids in a day.

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Kulfa has rich in medicinal properties, Earn good money by cultivating

27/07/2022Posted on

Few people would know about Kulfa plant. This plant is used as medicine. Due to a lack of knowledge of this fact, till now the farmers were considering it a weed. However, as soon as the medicinal properties of Kulfa are known, it is now being cultivated commercially.

Treasure trove of medicinal properties

Kulfa has been placed in the list of medicinal plants. According to experts, antioxidants and carotenoids are found in abundance in its leaves and fruits, which are very beneficial for the body. For this reason, it is in great demand in the medical field. In such a situation, good income can be earned through the cultivation of Kulfa.

Choosing the right soil and season for farming

Kulfa can be cultivated in any type of soil. It is good to cultivate it in July and August i.e. monsoon season. Let us tell that a warm climate is considered most favourable for its cultivation because its plants die in cold weather.

Talking about cultivation, its crop is ready for harvesting after 4 to 6 weeks of planting seeds. Due to being a mine of medicinal properties, Kulfa is sold in the market at great prices. On the other hand, pharmaceutical companies buy its fruits and leaves from farmers by hand. In such a situation, farmers get good profits in a short time.

Source: Aaj Tak

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Problems of fruit rot in brinjal crop and control measures

27/07/2022Posted on

  • Fruit rot is caused by a fungus called Phytophthora nicotianae.

  • Symptoms of this disease appear on leaves, stems and fruits. Due to excess moisture, the disease spreads rapidly in brinjal crops.

  • Due to which watery dry spots start appearing on the fruits, which later gradually spread to other fruits as well.

  • The upper surface of the fruit affected by this disease becomes brown in color on which white colored fungus develops.

  • Eventually the fruit breaks off from the plant and falls.

prevention measures

  • Removal and destruction of the affected fruits. 

Biological Management:- As a biological treatment, spray Monas curb (Pseudomonas fluorescens) @ 500 gm/acre, @150 -200 liters of water.

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Problem and Control measures for motha grass in maize crop

26/07/2022Posted on

Motha grass (Cyperus rotundus) is a perennial narrow leaf weed. It is particularly difficult to control, as the rhizomes easily take root above ground and under soil. From these rhizomes it is broadcast rapidly. The rhizomes have a very dense root system, which can reach deep into the ground. It is rarely propagated by seed. For better crop production of maize, weed management is very necessary from time to time.

damage caused to crops

They absorb air, water, sunlight, fertilizers, nutrients etc. thereby competing with the main crop. Due to which the growth of maize is reduced and the plant remains weak, if it is not controlled in the initial stage, then 40 to 50% decline in yield can be seen.

Control measures

mechanical method : For good production from maize, first weeding in the crop, 15-20 days after sowing and second weeding 30-45 days after sowing is necessary. 

Chemical method : For good control of motha, spray weedicide Sempra (Hallosulfuron methyl 75% wg) @ 36 gm + silico maxx @ 50 ml per acre, 150 – 200 liters of water at 2 to 3 leaf stage for better control of motha. Use a flat fan nozzle at the time of spraying and maintain moisture in the field.

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Identification and control measures of fruit fly in Cucurbits crops

25/07/2022Posted on

Identification of fruit fly

  • These pests damage the developed soft fruits.

  • Fruit fly infestation continues from July to October.

  • The female fly of these insects by inserting her ovipositor into the pulp of soft fruits lays eggs in them, from which in 1-2 days (maggot) develop inside the fruit and eat the pulp.

  • And leave the excreta inside the fruit itself, due to which the fruit starts rotting. The damaged part of the fruit gives off a strong odor and the fruits become distorted and deformed resulting in poor quality of the fruits which are not marketable.

Pheromone trap:

  • It has a special kind of smell. which is released by the female moth. This smell attracts male moths. Different types of pheromones are released by different insects, so different lures are used for different insects. To control fruit fly in cucurbits crop, use IPM trap (Melon fly lure) 8 to 10 traps per acre.

control measures 

  • Spray benevia (CYANTRANILIPROLE 10.26 % OD) @ 360 ml + silico maxx @ 50 ml per acre, @ 150 -200 liters of water.

  • For biological control, spray bave-curb (Bavaria bassiana) @ 500 gm/acre, @150 -200 liters of water.

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Causes and prevention measures to fall flowers and fruits in cucurbit crop

24/07/2022Posted on

In cucurbits, crops like bottle gourd, Sponge gourd, watermelon, muskmelon, pumpkin, cucumber, tinda, bitter gourd etc. The reason for this is as follows –

  • Lack of pollination

Pollination may fail due to various mechanisms, and pollination may fail due to lack of pollinator, or adverse environment.

  • Nutritional deficiencies

Many times the plant does not get nutrients in the right amount, due to which flowers and fruits are not able to develop fully and fall,It is very important for the plant to get sulphur , boron, calcium, magnesium etc.

  • Lack of water / moisture :

Due to lack of sufficient water, plants are unable to absorb nutrients from the soil

through their roots, due to which there is a lack of many types of elements in flowers and fruits and they start falling. And due to excessive temperature and strong wind, there is excessive evaporation of water, due to which the leaves of the trees wither which causes fruit drop.

  • Seed development

Oxytocin released from the seeds helps in attaching the fruits to the plants. With less or no pollination, the seed does not form properly or the seed does not develop properly, in both the cases, the fruit falls in large quantities.

  • pests and diseases

Fruits and flowers start falling due to various types of insects and microorganisms in the plants.

  • Carbohydrate content:

Carbohydrates are needed for the production and development of fruits, and if the level of carbohydrates in plants is low, then the problem of fruit drop becomes more.

Measures to prevent fruit and flower drop

    • Nutrient Spraying: Nutrients should be sprayed from time to time in the plants. Major and minor eg – boron, calcium, magnesium etc.

    • Irrigation: According to the need, irrigation should be done in the crops at a fixed interval so that sufficient amount of moisture is maintained, keep in mind that excessive irrigation can also be harmful.

    • Weeding: Weeding and other intercropping work should be done from time to time in the cucurbitaceous,  so that the field remains free from weeds. It is necessary to use well-rotted manure or vermicompost from time to time.

    • Pest control: Insects and disease cause damage in large quantities in crops, they should be treated from time to time in consultation with agricultural experts.

    • Maintaining the balance of hormones: In a normal crop, more damage is also caused due to hormonal imbalance. So maintain the balance of hormones. ex . Spraying of  novamaxx (GIBBERELLIC ACID 0.001%) @ 300 ml per acre, @ 150 to 200 liter of water . 

  • Use of pollinator

For the pollination of these crops, it is necessary to have bees or other insects, not to do any kind of spraying or other agricultural work in the field during the presence of these insects. Due to this, the work of pollination is done easily and on time.

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Nutrient management in maize crop at 40 to 45 days stage

24/07/2022Posted on

  • Maize is the main crop of Kharif season, but where there are irrigation facilities, Maize can be cultivated as an early crop of Rabi and Kharif. Maize is an excellent source of carbohydrates. It is a multi-use crop, it is a major component of human as well as animal feed and Maize cultivation also has an important place in the industrial sector.

  • Maize crops should be weed free so that the main crop will directly absorb nutrients and there will be no loss of nutrients. And the crop will also be healthy.

  • Nutrient management is an important aspect to get a higher yield of maize. Apply Urea @ 35 kg, micronutrient mixture Calbor (Boron 4 + Calcium 11 + Magnesium 1 + Potassium 1.7 + Sulfur 12 %) @ 5 kg per acre.

  • Flowering starts at the age of 40 to 45 days in maize crop. For higher flowering, spray Homobrassinolide 0.04% w/w (Double) @ 100 ml per acre @ 150 to 200 Ltr of water.

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The problem and solution of leaf curling in a chili crop

23/07/2022Posted on

Leaf curl disease is the most deadly and most damaging disease of the chili crop. It is known as Kukda or Churda-Murda disease in different places. This disease is caused by the infestation of thrips, whitefly, and mites.

white fly-

The scientific name of this insect is (Bemisia tabaci) The nymph and adults of this insect keep on sucking the sap by sticking to the lower surface of the leaves. After the completion of the brown baby stage, it turns into a pupa. Affected plants appear yellow and oily. On which black mold grows. These insects not only damage the crop by sucking the sap. Rather, they leave sticky substances on the plants, which increases the chances of fungal diseases. In its infestation, the leaves of the plants wither and twist.

control measures

To control, spray Meothrin (Fenpropathrin 30% EC) @ 120 ml + silicomaxx @ 50 ml, per acre @ 150 -200 liters of water.

For biological control, spray (Bave-curb) Bavaria bassiana @ 500 gm/acre @ 150 -200 liters of water. 

Mite 

The scientific name of this insect is Polyphagotarsonemus latus bank. These are small organisms that suck the sap from the underside of leaves. As a result the leaves shrink and curl downwards. Which are not possible to see with ordinary eyes. If thrips and mites attack together in a chili crop, then the leaves get twisted strangely. Its outbreak has a great impact on the production of the crop.

control measures

To control, spray Oberon (Spiromesifen 22.90% SC) @ 160 ml or Omite (Propargite 57% EC) @ 600 ml + silicomaxx @ 50 ml, @ 150 -200 liters of water per acre.

Thrips

The scientific name of this insect is (Scirtothrips dorsalis). These are small and soft bodied light yellow insects, both the nymph and adult of this insect damage the chili crop. They suck the sap from the leaves and other soft parts. Due to the infestation of thrips, the leaves of chili twist upwards and It turns and takes the shape of a boat.

Control measures –

Spray with FipNova (Fipronil 5% SC) @ 320 ml or lamnova  (Lambda Cyhalothrin 4.9% CS) @ 200 ml + SilicoMaxx @ 50 ml per acre, @ 150 -200 liters of water.

For biological control, spray (Bave-curb) Bavaria bassiana @ 500 gm/acre @ 150 -200 liters of water.

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How to manage weeds in onion crop

22/07/2022Posted on

  • For good production of onion, it is necessary to do first weeding in the crop 25-30 days after sowing and second weeding 60-65 days after sowing. This stage is called the critical stage.

  • Naturally, many macro and micro nutrients are found in the soil, which are not fully available to the onion crop due to the infestation of more weeds.

  • Due to this, there is a deficiency of nutrients in the crops and there is a huge impact on the total yield of the crop.

  • Weed management from time to time is very necessary for good crop production of onions, for this it is very necessary to manage weeds in the following way.

Dekel (for broad and narrow leaves)

  • Spray Propaquizafop 5% + Oxyfluorfen 12% EC (Dekel) @ 350 ml/acre, @ in 150 to 200 Ltr of water. Use flat fan nozzles, and maintain moisture in the fields.Best results are obtained by spraying at 2-4 leaf stage of weeds

Terga Super (For narrow leaves)

  • Spray Quezalofop Ethyl 5% EC (Turga Super) @ 300 ml @ 150 to 200 Ltr of water per acre. It is a selective herbicide. Use flat fan nozzles. And maintain moisture in the fields. And Best results are obtained by spraying at 2-4 leaf stage of weeds. It is used to control narrow-leaf weeds in broad-leaf crops.

Agil (for the narrow leaf)

Spray Propaquizafop 10% EC @ (Agil) 250 ml @ 150 to 200 Ltr of water per acre. It is a selective herbicide. It is used to control annual and perennial grasses. Use flat fan nozzles. And maintain moisture in the fields. Best results are obtained when spraying at 2-4 leaf stage.

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