Tip of the day – Page 216

Nitrogen deficiency in Cotton

12/07/2018

Nitrogen deficiency in Cotton:-

A pale yellowish green colour, coupled with reduction in leaf size is the most striking symptom of nitrogen deficiency in cotton. Eventually, the cells become disorganised accompanied by development of red pigments called anthocyanins. Nitrogen deficient plant is also characterized with little vegetative growth, lack of vigour coupled with stunted growth.

Control:- Spray 19:19:19 @ 100 gm per pump.

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Integrated Management of Pink Bollworm in Cotton

11/07/2018

Integrated Management of Pink Bollworm in Cotton:-

Terminate cotton crop by December – mid January.
Do not store infected or stained cotton in house / godowns.
Crop rotation should be followed to break the life cycle of pink bollworm.
Install pheromone traps @5/ha, after 45 days of sowing for monitoring month activity of pink bollworm larvae within flower.
At boll formation stage, farmers are advised to inspect presence and damage of pink bollworm by plucking 20 green bolls from different plants randomly.
picking of clean and infected cotton may be carried out separately clean cotton may be stored or marketed. Infected cotton should be destroyed.
One spray of neem seed kernek extract 5%+neem oil 5 ml/lit. may be taken up at 60 days after sowing.

Table:- Insecticide suggested for Pink Bollworm Management

Month	Insecticide	Dose per 10 Litre of Water*
September	Quinalphos 25 EC Thiodicarb 75 WP	20 ml 20 gm
October	Chlorpyriphos 20 EC Thiodicarb 75 WP	25 ml 20 gm
November	Fenvalerate 20 EC Cypermethrin 25 EC	10 ml 10 ml

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Bacterial Blight of Cotton

10/07/2018

Bacterial blight of cotton-

Symptoms –The symptoms of this disease appear on top of the leaves, stems and cotton bolls, in which all the aerial parts of the plant have black and light brown spots. As the disease progresses, small spots are found in large wounds, the bacteria enter the leaf nerves. Chlorophyll is eliminated due to the spots of the leaves, which the plant is unable to make food.

Control –Spray twice Streptomycin+ tetracycline @ 2 gm/pump or kasugamycin 30 Ml./pump at 7-10 days intervals.

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Damping off disease in Onion

09/07/2018

Damping off disease in Onion:- In the kharif season, especially in high moisture in soil and moderate temperature is the main factor in the development of this disease. In this disease onion plants dies in early stage.

Control:- Spray of Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% or Thiaphanate methyl 70% WP @ 50 gm/Pump

Girdle beetle in Soybean

07/07/2018

Girdle beetle in Soybean:-

Symptoms of damage:-

Girdling of stems and petioles.
The inside of the stem is eaten by the larvae and a tunnel is formed inside the stem.
The leaves of plant of infected portion are unable to get the nutrient and are dried up.
In later stages the plant is cut at about 15 to 25 cm above the ground.

Management:-

Deep summer plough.
Intercropping with maize or sorghum should be avoided.
Crop rotation should be followed.
Avoid excess nitrogenous fertilizers.
Collect and destroy infested plant parts and egg masses.
Remove the infested plant parts at least once in 10 days and bury them in compost pit to monitor and reduce the populations of girdle beetle.

Control:-

Apply phorate 10 G @ 10 kg/ha or carbofuran 3 G @ 30 kg/ha at the time of sowing.
Spray Quinalphos 25 EC or Triazophos 40 EC @ 3 ml/lit. at the crop age of 30-35 days and repeal after 15-20 days.

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Doses of Fertilizer and Manure in Onion Crop

06/07/2018

Onion needs a heavy dose of fertilizers for a good yield.
Farmyard manure @ 8-10 tonnes/Acre may be incorporated into the soil one month before transplanting.
Nitrogen 50 kg/Acre, Phosphorus 25 kg/Acre and Potash 30 kg/Acre.
Full amount of P, K and half of N are to be added just before transplanting.
Rest of the N is to be given as a second dose at 20-25 days after transplanting, and third dose is given at 45-60 days after transplanting.
Zinc sulphate application (Znso4@10 kg/Acre) and Boron 4 Kg/Acre increases yield as well as improves the quality of bulb.

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Co-operative Farming boost the income Of Farmers

30/06/2018

Co-operative Farming boost the income Of Farmers:-

Cooperative farming refers to an organisation in which: each member-farmer remains the owner of his land individually. But farming is done jointly. Profit is distributed among the member-farmers in the ratio of land owned by them.Wages distributed among the member-farmers according to number of days they worked.

“Today, farmers buy at retail rate and sell (their produce) at wholesale rates. Can it be reversed?. If they buy (inputs) at wholesale rates and sell at retail price, then nobody can loot them, not even middlemen

Advantage :-

As the size of farm increases, the per hectare cost of using tube-well, tractor comes down.
Cooperatives also provide farmers with training on production and post-harvest handling, as well as education in literacy, business or marketing that can build their human capital
Since cooperatives are based on values of democracy, equality and equity, they can play a particularly strong role in empowering women, especially in developing countries
Farmers in cooperatives have more bargaining power, lower transaction costs in getting loans, and better access to information.
By pooling all the small and marginal farms, members of cooperative farming can reap all the benefits of large-scale farming. While purchasing agricultural inputs like seeds, fertilizers etc. the society can purchase in bulk quantity and thus it costs less.
Big machineries like tractors, harvesting machines can now be purchased by the society and the agricultural operations can now be managed in a more scientific basis.

We are stronger as a group than an individual. Think in a cooperative and communal way, set up local food hubs and create growing communities.

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Control of Fruit Rot and Dieback in Chillies

29/06/2018

Fruit Rot and Dieback in Chillies:-This disease is observed at the flowering stage of chilli growth. Flowers dry up resulting in profuse shedding. The flower stalk shrivels. This drying up spreads from the flower stalks to the stem, resulting in dieback of the branches and stem.

Control :- Better control of the disease sprayings with Thiophanate methyl 70 % WP @ 30 Gm/Pump or Hexaconazole 5% + Captan 70% WP @ 25 Gm/pump.The first spraying should be given just before flowering and the second at the time of fruit formation. Third spraying may be given a fortnight after second spraying.

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Yellow Mosaic Virus in Legumes crops

28/06/2018

Yellow Moisac Virus:- Yellow mosaic virus mainly occurs in soybean, urad, mung and some other crops in kharif season. In the crops such as soybean and urad, there is considerable loss of disease outbreaks. It has a bad effect on the yield, this disease spreads throughout the farm in 4-5 days and the crop starts falling yellow, the main role in spreading disease is white fly.

The main reasons for the disease Sperading : –

This viral disease spreads through the sucking pest and white fly.
Seeds not treated properly. Lack of information and drought for a long time also help in spreading the virus.
Using over dose of pesticides, mixing the chemicals without proper information and spraying them.
Not adopting proper crop cycle by the farmers is the main reason.
Not proper sanitation in surrounging field.
The white fly sits the cell sap on the leaves of the plants and leaving the saliva the same, the disease outbreak increases.

Plant viruses can be difficult to detect as symptoms look similar to many nutrient deficiencies and vary depending on the age of the plant when infection occurs. Look for:

Yellow, white or green stripes/ streaks/ spots on foliage.
Wrinkled, curled or small leaves.
Pronounced yellowing only of veins.
Stunted growth and reduced yields.
Infected fruit appears mottled and develops raised “warty” areas

Prevention measures

Mechanical method: –

In early stages, remove the infected plants from the field and burn them.
To attract the white fly in the field, apply 5-6 yellow sticker trap per hectare.
Apply the crop of lentils in the form of trap and trap.
Sown Marigold as a trap crop a round the field.

Biological Methods:-

In the initial stage spray neem oil @ 1-1.5 liters per acre with 200-250 liters of water.

Chemical Method:-

4-5 foliar spray of Dimethoat 30 ml/pump or thaimathoxam 5 gm/pump or Acetamiprid 20% SP 15 gm/pump at 10 days interval.

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Suitable Climate for Pumpkin Production

21/06/2018

Suitable Climate for Pumpkin Production:-

Bottle gourd is a subtropical vegetable and requires hot and humid climatic conditions for its fast growth and higher yield.
Sightly wet to semi dry ecological condition is suitable for this crop.
Night and Day temperature of 18-22 C and 30-35 C respectively is optimum for its proper growth and high fruit set.
The seed germination is fast at the temperature range of 25-30 C.
The crop grown at optimum temperature has higher proportion of female flowers and fruit per plant.

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