Tip of the day – Page 201

Control of mosaic virus in watermelon

Watermelon mosaic virus initially appears on the leaves and spreads from the stem to the fruit.
Fruits become distorted and are small in size, and they break down from the petioles.
Leaves of plant curl downwards and leaf size smaller than normal.
This disease transmitted by aphid.
Preventive management of this disease, use the disease-free seed for sowing and do proper tillage operation.
Remove all the infected plants from the field.
Spray of Imidachloprid17.8% SL @ 70-100 ml/acre.

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These boron-deficient leaves show light general chlorosis.
These deficiency symptoms are similar to those caused by calcium deficiency.
The leaves are unusually brittle and tend to break easily.
Also, there is often a wilting of the younger leaves even under an adequate water supply, pointing to a disruption of water transport caused by boron deficiency.
Correction measure: Foliar spray of boron 20% EDTA @ 200 gm/acre.

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Cowpea is sensitive to waterlogging and requires less moisture compared to other vegetables.
Grain types require only 2-3 protective irrigations at flowering and pod development stages.
Water requirement of vegetable type with protected and long fruiting phase is more than grain types.
Harden plants by restricting irrigation during pre-flowering stage.

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Diseases are more common in sandy soil.
Destroy infected plants and plant debris.
Use of disease-free seed.
Seed treatment with carbendazim @ 2 gm/kg seeds before sowing.
Use Propiconazole 25% EC @ 80-100 ml/acre when the disease appears on the watermelon plant.

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Increase micronutrients availability to plant from the soil like Mn, Mg, Fe, Mo, B, Zn and Cu in addition to P2O5.
Encourage faster root growth for water and nutrient uptake.
PSB produce organic acids like malic, succinic, fumaric, citric, tartaric acid and acetic acid which fasten the P2O5 uptake, maturity and increase yield.
Increase resistance towards diseases and drought tolerance due to rapid cell development in the plants.
Reduce 25 – 30% phosphatic fertilizer requirement.

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One to two hoeing should be done to control weed and for improving root aeration.
Effective weed management in first 25-30 days of the crop period is essential.
pendimethalin 38.7% CS @ 700 ml/acre or alachlor 50% EC @ 1 litres/acre can control the weeds effectively up to 30 days.

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At the time of soil preparation, add FYM/compost @ 6-8 t / acre and use urea – 65 kg/acre, SSP – 20 kg/acre, mix well in the soil.
In the time of every harvesting apply 65 kg urea/acre.

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Choose healthy and disease-free seeds for sowing.
Irrigate only if needed and avoid giving extra water.
Avoid excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers, as more nitrogen can be responsible for the development of the disease.
When disease occurs on coriander plant then spray copper oxychloride 50% WP @ 400 -500 gram per acre.

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In this disease, the seeds fail either to exit the soil or fall immediately after emergence.
Before the sowing of coriander, destroy the old crop residues and weeds through deep ploughing.
Use disease-free seed and resistance variety.
Treat the seed before sowing with carboxin 37.5% + thiram 37.5% @ 2 gm/kg seed.
drenching with thiophanate methyl 70% WP 300 gm/acre.

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Avoid showing alternate host plants like cucumber, ridge gourd, sponge gourd, round gourd etc. near the bottle gourd field.
Destroy the remains of the old crop.
In the early stage of the crop, if the insect appears, hold it by hand and destroy it.
Spray the crop with Cypermethrin 25% EC 150 ml/acre +Dimethoat 30% EC 300 ml /acre or Carbaryl 50% WP 400 gm/acre at fortnight intervals starting from 25 days after sowing to control the pest.
Spraying with Dichlorvos (DDVP) 76% EC @ 250-350 ml/acre gives satisfactory control of the pest.

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