Gram Salah – Page 671

Irrigation in Bottle gourd

Drip irrigation

Install drip system with main and sub-main pipes and place the inline lateral tubes at an interval of 1.5 m. Place the drippers at an interval of 60 cm and 50 cm spacing with 4 LPH and 3.5 LPH capacities respectively.

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Add farmyard manure @ 10 tonnes/acre at the time of field preparation.
Application of 30 kg urea, 80 kg single super phosphate and 30 kg muriate of potash per acre at the time of field preparation.
Apply another 30 kg urea per acre in 2-3 split doses at the time of vining and initial fruit set.
Total P & K and one-third of Nitrogen can be applied basally about 8-10 cm away from the seeds.
Nitrogen deficiency causes yellowing of vine and foliage and checks the vegetative growth.
Deficiency of K reduces plant height and area of foliage causing flower drop and checks the fruiting.

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Increase micronutrients availability to plant from the soil like Mn, Mg, Fe, Mo, B, Zn and Cu in addition to P2O5.
Encourage faster root growth for water and nutrient uptake.
PSB produce organic acids like malic, succinic, fumaric, citric, tartaric acid and acetic acid which fasten the P2O5 uptake, maturity and increase yield.
Increase resistance towards diseases and drought tolerance due to rapid cell development in the plants.
Reduce 25 – 30% phosphatic fertilizer requirement.

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Muskmelon responds very much to irrigation but it can not withstand waterlogged condition.
Irrigate the field before dibbling the seeds and thereafter once in a week.
It is generally cultivated as a spring-summer crop in which frequency of irrigation is very important.
Soil moisture stress during pre-flowering, flowering, and fruit development stage drastically reduce yield.
Irrigation should be stopped during ripening as it adversely affects fruit quality and promotes fruit cracking.
Frequently irrigation promotes diseases on the plants for the controlling diseases control measure may be applied.

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Increase micronutrients availability to plant from the soil like Mn, Mg, Fe, Mo, B, Zn and Cu in addition to Phosphorus.
Encourage faster root growth for water and nutrient uptake.
PSB produce organic acids like malic, succinic, fumaric, citric, tartaric acid and acetic acid which fasten the Phosphorus uptake, maturity and increase yield.
Increase resistance towards diseases and drought tolerance due to rapid cell development in the plants.
Reduce 25 – 30% phosphatic fertilizer requirement.

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First irrigation before dibbling the snake gourd seeds.
and afterward, once a week is recommended.
Drip irrigation is most beneficial in the snake gourd farming.
The summer plantation requires frequent irrigation at an interval of 4 to 5 days.
During pollination and fruit enlargement is the most critical stage of irrigation in snake gourd.

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Bitter gourd seeds have a hard seed coat; soak 2-3-month-old seeds overnight in cold water.
Seeds are then kept in moist cloth and kept for one or two days for germination.
Seeds are immediately sown in pits after germination.
4-5 seeds are directly sown in each pit.
About 1.5- 2 kg local seed is enough for a acre.
400-600 gm/acre seed for hybrid and private sector varieties. seed rate vary on variety to variety and sowing spacing.
Direct seed sowing is the most common method of planting.
On raised furrow beds, 4-5 seeds are sown per hole at a depth of 2 cm.

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25/01/2019

Plants are infested at all the stages.
Both nymph and adults suck the sap from leaves, inflorescence or the developing pods.
Curling may occur for infested leaves and at advanced stage plants may wither and die.

Control Measures

Use crop rotation.
Apply a recommended dose of fertilizers.
Destroy the affected parts along with the aphid population in the initial stage.
Spray the crop with one of the following insecticides in the aphid appearance.
Imidacloprid 17.8% @ 100 ml/acre or Thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 75 gm/acre or Dimethoate 30 EC @ 325 ml/acre.
Spraying should be done in the evening time.

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Soak seeds in water for 24-48 hrs to facilitate germination.
About 1 to1.5 kg seed is enough for an acre.
Four to five seeds are sown per pit.
Remove unhealthy plants after two weeks and retain three plants per lit.
300-500 gm/acre seed for hybrid and private sector varieties. seed rate varies on variety to variety and sowing spacing.

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