Gram Salah – Page 661

Nursery preparation in brinjal

Raised beds are necessary to avoid problem of water logging in heavy soils.
In sandy soils, however, sowing can be taken up in flat beds.
Raised beds of size 3 x 1 m and 10-15 cm in height are prepared.
About 70 cm distance is kept between two beds to carry out operations of watering, weeding, etc.
The surface of beds should be smooth and well levelled. Well-decomposed FYM or leaf mould may be mixed with the soil at the time of bed preparation.
To avoid mortality of seedlings due to damping off, drenching of the beds with Mancozeb 75% WP @400-600 gm/acre, is effective.

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These boron-deficient leaves show light general chlorosis.
These deficiency symptoms are similar to those caused by calcium deficiency.
The leaves are unusually brittle and tend to break easily.
Also, there is often a wilting of the younger leaves even under an adequate water supply, pointing to a disruption of water transport caused by boron deficiency.
Correction measure: Foliar spray of boron 20% EDTA @ 200 gm/acre.

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Cowpea is sensitive to waterlogging and requires less moisture compared to other vegetables.
Grain types require only 2-3 protective irrigations at flowering and pod development stages.
Water requirement of vegetable type with protected and long fruiting phase is more than grain types.
Harden plants by restricting irrigation during pre-flowering stage.

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Plough 2-3-feet deep and level the ground.
At the time of preparation of the soil, add FYM/compost @ 6-8 t/acre and mix well in the soil.

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Pole types/Climbing type’s varieties are visually trailed to bower or tiles made of bamboo poles and coir or plastic wire.
Erect supports with wooden sticks for trailing plants to bower when plants start vining.
Nipping of excess vegetative growth is a common practice for including flowering and fruiting in bush and semi trailing cowpea varsities especially when there is rain during flowering and fruiting phase.

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Hand weeding is done, when the plants are young.
spray weedicide pendimethalin 30% EC @ 1.2 litres/acre within 72 hours after transplanting + Hand weeding at 30 days after transplanting.

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Diseases are more common in sandy soil.
Destroy infected plants and plant debris.
Use of disease-free seed.
Seed treatment with carbendazim @ 2 gm/kg seeds before sowing.
Use Propiconazole 25% EC @ 80-100 ml/acre when the disease appears on the watermelon plant.

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Increase micronutrients availability to plant from the soil like Mn, Mg, Fe, Mo, B, Zn and Cu in addition to P2O5.
Encourage faster root growth for water and nutrient uptake.
PSB produce organic acids like malic, succinic, fumaric, citric, tartaric acid and acetic acid which fasten the P2O5 uptake, maturity and increase yield.
Increase resistance towards diseases and drought tolerance due to rapid cell development in the plants.
Reduce 25 – 30% phosphatic fertilizer requirement.

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One to two hoeing should be done to control weed and for improving root aeration.
Effective weed management in first 25-30 days of the crop period is essential.
pendimethalin 38.7% CS @ 700 ml/acre or alachlor 50% EC @ 1 litres/acre can control the weeds effectively up to 30 days.

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At the time of soil preparation, add FYM/compost @ 6-8 t / acre and use urea – 65 kg/acre, SSP – 20 kg/acre, mix well in the soil.
In the time of every harvesting apply 65 kg urea/acre.

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