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- Larvae, nymphs and adults of mites lacerate leaves from their downside.
- They suck the cell sap resulting in the production of white patches between vein and leaves.
- In case of extreme infection, mites form a mesh structure on the lower surface of the leaves.
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- Jassids can be controlled by spraying Acetamiprid 20 % WP @ 80 Gm/acre or
- spray Imidacloprid 17.8% @ 80 Ml/Acre 20 days after transplanting.
- Spray evident (Thaimethoxam ) @ 100 gm/acre or
- Spray abacin (Abamectin 1.8% EC) @ 150 ML
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- Nymphs and adults suck the sap from the lower surface of the leaves.
- The infected leaf curls upward along the margins, which may turn yellowish and show burnt up patches.
- They also transmit mycoplasma diseases like a little leaf and virus disease like a mosaic.
- Fruit setting is adversely affected by the infestation.
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- Spray Confidor(Imidacloprid) @ 100 ml + 250 gram beauveria bassiana/acre or
- Spray Thiamethoxam 12.6% + Lambda Cyhalothrin 9.5% ZC @ 100gm/acre or
- Spry acetamiprid 20% SP @ 40-80 gm/acre
- pick the aphids from the plant by hands or remove infected plant parts.
- Do not over-water or over-fertilize the crop.
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- Severe infestation can cause leaves and shoots to curl, wilt and stunted plant growth.
- The honeydew secreted by the aphid after secretion causes many fungal diseases on plants.
- The development of mould on the leaves indicates this problem.
- Dry and warm climates are optimal for the growth of aphids.
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- Affected plants during the growing season to be withdrawn and destroyed.
- Spray Wapkill (Acitamprid) @ 100 gm/acre or
- Confidor(Imidacloprid ) @ 100 ml + 250 gram beauveria bassiana/acre or
- Spray Thiamethoxam 12.6% + Lambda Cyhalothrin 9.5% ZC @ 100gm/acre or
- Spray Abacin (Abamectin 1.8% EC) @ 150 ml/acre
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- Adults leaf miners look like small black and yellow flies.
- Larvae exit from the leaf after completion of their development and then pupate axles on plants.
- Females puncture the leaf to feed plant sap and lays eggs within the leaf tissue.
- This damage restricts the plant growth and results in reduced bulb yield and loss of vigour.
- Tunnels or mines can be seen in the leaves.
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- Collect and destroy infested fruits.
- Flytraps (pheromone traps) can be set to prevent egg-laying by fruit flies.
- Maize plant s grown in the field are effective as flies rest on such tall plants.
- Deep ploughing should be done to expose hibernating stages of fruit flies.
- spray dichlorvos 76% EC 250 to 500ml/acre or
- Lambda Cyhalothrin 4.9% CS @ 200 ml/acre. or
- Profenofos 40%EC + Cypermethrin 4 %EC @ 400 ml/acre
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- The worm bores into the fruits and sucks the sap.
- Infected fruits fall after decaying.
- These flies prefer tender fruits for egg-laying.
- The fly bore a hole into the fruit to lay her eggs inside it. Fruit Juice can be seen coming out from these holes.
- This also results in distorted and malformed.
- The maggots feed on the pulp of fruits as well as on the immature seeds and cause premature dropping of fruits.
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- Adopt clean cultivation and crop rotation cultural practices to prevent this disease.
- Spray Mancozeb 75% WP at the rate of 400 gram/acre or
- Spray kitazin 48.0 w/w @ 400 ml/acre at 10-15 days intervals.
- Spray chlorothalonil 75% WP @ 300 gram/acre at 10 days intervals.
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