Gramophone – Page 63

Fertilizer Requirments for Watermelon

12/12/2018

Fertilizer Requirements for Watermelon:-

Apply well rotten FYM @ 15-22.5 tonnes/ha. should be mixed thoroughly with the soil at the time of preparation of land.
135 kg Urea, 100 kg DAP and 70 kg MoP are the proper doses per acre for the cultivation of watermelon.
The full quantity of phosphorus and potash and half quantity of nitrogen used before sowing.
Rest nitrogen used 10-15 days after sowing.
In general, high N under high temperature condition promotes maleness in flowering and lower number of flowers fruit-set and yield.
Watermelons require ample amount of potassium and phosphorus for optimal melon production.

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Harvest and Post Harvest Management of Onion

11/12/2018

Harvest and Post Harvest Management of Onion

Harvest:-

Onion is ready for harvest in 3-5 month after transplanting depending on variety.
During hot days when soil is hard, bulbs are pulled out with a hand hoe.
Plants are uprooted by hand and their roots are cut.
They are washed and bundled as per market requirement.
Yield of Kharif crop in comparatively low than rabi.

Grading:-

After curing, onions are graded and classified by grading machine and hand.
Before storage, double, broken, rotten bulbs and bulbs having in desirable features are removed.
Outer dry scales are removed during grading.
Cured bulbs are graded based on size and depending on local market and export.

Packaging:-

Jute bags are used onion packaging for sending to distance markets by trucks trains or even by air.
Generally, 40 kg capacity jute bags are used for transport with in country whereas, for export jute bags of 8-25 kg capacity is used.
Onion should be packed in 14-15 kg capacity cane baskets for export purpose.

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Gramophone organised its ‘Field Day’

10/12/2018

On December 08, 2018, Gramophone organized its ‘Field Day’ where current farming practices were compared to the well-researched practices given by the expert agronomists at Gramophone. The objective was to showcase the potential that newer technologies have for farmers. The field experts guided the farmers and kept a track of the crop across the cropping cycle and the results are quite encouraging. Manish Agrawal, a farmer from Bankpura village (Dhamnod) mentions, “I have been taking help from the experts at Gramophone this season and as compared to the other fields, my crop is healthier and I expect an improvement of 30-40% in the yield”.

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Suitable climate and soil for watermelon

05/12/2018

Suitable climate and soil for watermelon:-

Warm and dry climate is best suited for its cultivation.
The temperature of 22-26 degree Celsius is good for seed germination and plant growth. This is the summer crop so cannot tolerate frost.
If there is excessive moisture in the air, the fruits get delayed. At the time of fruits ripping warm climate and hot air increase fruits sweetness.
Proper drainage and sandy with organic matter or loamy soil is best found for this. The best soil PH value is 5-7 for its crop.
If there is no proper drainage, many kinds of diseases start to occur. Its cultivation can be successfully done on the banks of the river.

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Control Of Jassid in Okra

05/12/2018

Control Of Jassid in Okra:-

Identification

Insects are 2.5 mm long and small green in color.
Nymphs and adults are of same shape but nymphs do not have wings.
Eggs are laid along veins on the underside of the leaflets.
One generation requires 2 weeks.

Damage

This pest attacks the crop at its early stage of growth.
The adults and nymph suck the cell sap from the leaves.
As a result, the leaves curl upwards along the margins and have a burnt look which extends over the entire leaf area.
The affected plants show stunted growth.

Control

Soil application of Carbofuran 3 G @ 10 Kg/acre at the time of sowing.
Spray Profenophos 50% EC @ 400 Ml/acre or Acetamiprid 20% WP @ 80 gm/acre at fortnightly intervals starting with the appearance of the jassid.
Prophylactic spray of Neem oil-garlic mixture at fortnightly intervals is advantageous for avoiding pest incidence.

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Post Calving Challenges In Milk Cattles

30/11/2018

Post Calving Challenges:-

Reduced Dry Matter intake:- Before and during calving, cows do not eat or drink, But during calving cow can lose up to 50 Litre of water and electrolytes due to this, cow becomes inactive and reduces dry matter intake.
Rapid increase in calcium demand:- Colostrum and milk contains large quantities of calcium, so after Calvin demand increases.
Negative Energy Balance:- After Calving most of cows enter into a state of negative energy balance.

For Quick Recovery :

Transmix helps to reduce chances of metabolic disorders like milk fever and ketosis.
Transmix eases the calving stress.
Transmix wanes the chances of retained placenta and metritis.
Transmix helps to improve immunity.
Transmix optimizes milk production.

Dosage of Transmix:

Drench 500ml after parturition and repeat the same quantity 48-72 hours after first drench.

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Management of Powdery mildew in Peas

26/11/2018

Powdery Mildew of Pea:-

Symptoms-

Firstly on old leaves and then others parts.
Formation of powder on both surface of leaves.
Later formation of powdery spots on tendrils, pod etc. White power on plant surface. The fruits do not either set or remain very small.
Later stage, powdery growth also covers the pod making them not suitable for marketing.

Management-

Avoid late sowing.
Use resistant varieties like- Arka Ajit, PSM-5, Jawahar Pea- 4 JP-83, JRS-14,
Foliar spray of wettable sulphur 50% WP @ 3 gm/litre of water or Dinocap 48% EC 2 ml/ litre of water three time at 10 days interval.

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Control of Fruit Rot in Brinjal

23/11/2018

Control of Fruit Rot in Brinjal:-

Symptoms

Phytophthora rot occurs when fruits are in contact with the soil or mycelia grows through the peduncle into the fruit.
infected fruit tissue is water-soaked and dark-green at first; later white mycelium and sporangia develop on the surface of the affected area and, within several days, consume the entire fruit.
Fruit affected by these fungi dry rapidly and shrivel but do not drop.

Control

Remove and destroy of the affected fruits.
spraying the crop with Mancozeb 75% WP @ 400 Gm/Acre or Zineb 75% WP@ 400 Gm/acre or Captan 70% + Hexaconazole 5% WP at an interval of 10 days.

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Management of pod borer in Gram(Chickpea)

22/11/2018

Pod borer in Gram (Chickpea): –Pod borer is a pest that causes heavy damage to chickpea. In fact, this pest is reported to have caused yield loss up to 21%. The pest is reported to cause about 50 to 60% damage to the chick pods. Apart from chickpea the pest also attacks pigeon pea, sunflower, cotton, chilli, sorghum, groundnut, tomato and other agricultural and horticultural crops. It is a devastating pest that attacks pulses and oilseeds.

Infestation: The infestation starts usually a fortnight after germination and becomes serious just after the initiation of flower bud coupled with cloudy and humid weather. Female lay several small white eggs. Upon hatching in 3-4 days the caterpillars feed on the leaves for a short time and subsequently attack the pods. A full-grown caterpillar is about 34 mm long, greenish to brownish in colour with scattered, short, white hair and buries itself in the soil to make an earthen cell inside which it pupates. The life cycle is completed in about 30-45 days. The pest completes eight generations in a year.

Management:- It is advised to plough in summer to expose the hidden stages of the pest to natural predators. Application of HaNPV at the rate of 100 LE per acre along with 0.5 % jaggery and 0.1% boric acid specifically at the egg hatch stage should be done and it should be repeated in 15-20 days. Use of accurate chemicals should comprise 2.00 ml profenophos 50 EC per litre of water. Use of pheromone traps at 4-5 traps/ ha. spraying neem seed kernel extract 5% in the early stage. If the infestation is severe, spraying 0.5 ml Indoxacarb 14.5% SC or 0.1 ml Spinosad 45 SC or 2.5 ml Chlorpyriphos 20 EC can be helpful. Use of 4-5 bird perches to attract birds and sowing bhendi or marigold around the field as trap crops are the most effective way to deal with this pest.

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Management of Late blight in Potato

19/11/2018

Management Late blight in Potato

Late blight is the major disease in Potato crop.
This disease is caused by a fungus called Phytophthora infestans.
This disease damages leaves, stems and tubers. The disease first appears as water soaked, light brown lesions on the leaf blade.
The lesions turn dark brown, dry and brittle after the infected leaf tissues die. In humid atmosphere, the growth of the fungus can be seen on lower side of these spots as whitish cottony growth.
The spots turn black as the affected leaves start rotting. Severe infections cause all foliage to rot, dry out and fall to the ground, stems to dry out and plants to die.
The tubers under the ground also decay before harvest. On tubers, greenish sunken areas may be seen.
To control Late blight of potato, spraying of Mancozeb 75% WP@ 50 Gm/ 15 litre water or Copper oxychloride 50% WP @ 50 Gm/15 litre water or Metalaxy + Mancozeb @ 50 Gm/ 15 Litre water should be done.

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