Gramophone – Page 2

Importance of Rhizobium culture in Moong crop

Rhizobium bacteria is found in the roots of moong plants which causes atmospheric nitrogen fixation and increases crop yield.
Use of Rhizobium culture produces fast nodules in pulses, which increases 20-30 % yield of Moong, Gram, Pigeonpea and Urad and 50-60% increases soybean yield.
The use of Rhizobium culture increases about 30-40 kg of nitrogen per hectare in the land.
Seed treatment in moong is done with 5-10 gram of Rhizobium culture while the Soil treatment is done by mixing 1 kg / acre for pre-sowing with 50 kg FYM.
The nitrogen deposited by Rhizobium bacteria present in the roots of the pulse crop is used in the next crop, which reduces the need of nitrogen in the next crop.

The heavy attack of this insect occurs before the monsoon.
Its infestation is more visible on the lower surface of the leaves.
This insect lays eggs near the veins of the leaves.
In heavy infestation of this insect, the leaf becomes bright yellow
For the control of this pest spray Propargite 57%EC @ 400 gram/acre or spiromesifen 22.9% SC @ 200 ml/acre or Abamectin 1.9% EC @ 150 ml/acre
Along with this, use Beauveria Bassiana @ 250 gram/acre as a biological treatment.

Seed treatment reduces the chances of seed-borne and soil-borne diseases and thus increases seed germination.
Treat seeds with Carboxin 37.5% + Thiram 37.5% at the rate of 2.5 g / kg to control harmful fungi found in soil.
For its biological treatment, treat seeds with Trichoderma viride at the rate of 5-10g / kg seed. or
treat the seeds with Pseudomonas fluorescens at the rate of 5-10 g/ kg seed.

The adults of the leaf minor are dark colored.
This insect invades the leaves of Sponge gourd.
White zigzag stripes are formed on the leaves. This streak is caused by the caterpillar forming a tunnel inside the leaf.
The plant stops growing and the plants remain small.
The ability of pest-bearing plants to bear fruits and flowers is greatly decreased.
Use of the following products is very important for its control.
Spray Abamectin 1.9% EC @ 150 ml/acre or Profenophos 50% EC @ 500 ml/acre or Thiamethoxam 12.6% + Lambda cyhalothrin 9.5% ZC @ 80 ml / acre or Cyantraniliprole 10.26% OD @ 250 ml/acre.

The onion’s maggot is a very small white colored insect
It affects the onion tuber
In large tubers, 9 to 10 maggots attack and make it hollow.
Because of which the onion tubers rot completely
To prevent this pest, use Fipronil 0.3% 7.5 kg/acre or cartap hydrochloride 7.5 kg / acre as a soil treatment.
Fenpropathrin10% EC @ 400 ml/acre or Chlorpyriphos 20% EC @ 1 liter/acre.
Spraying Beauveria Bassiana @ 250 gram/acre as a biological treatment.

Inter-cropping maintains the diversity and stability of fields.
It reduces the use of chemical/fertilizer.
It helps in Weed suppression and reduces the chances of diseases and insect attacks.
In inter-cropping, Vegetable crops give high production in short duration.

Azotobacter is an independent nitrogen fixation bacteria.
This bacterium keeps the nitrogen of the atmosphere continuously stored in the ground.
Use of this does not cause yellowing of leaves in cucurbit crops.
In cucurbit crops , fruit development and growth of plants are good.
When it is used, 20% to 25% of nitrogen is required per crop.
These bacteria increase germination percentage of seeds.
Helps to increase the quantity of roots and length of stem.

In watermelon fruit sometimes deep rotten patches and a wrinkle-like structure is formed.
These are caused usually due to improper intervals of irrigation.
When the soil of the field becomes very dry, it fixes calcium in the soil, prohibiting the plants from absorbing it.
To prevent this, use calcium nitrate @ 10 kg/acre.

Nymphs and adults suck the cell sap from the leaves.
The affected leaves curl and dry.
The affected plants show stunted growth.
Whiteflies are also responsible for transmitting yellow vein mosaic virus or leaf curl disease.
4-5 foliar spray of dimethoate 30% EC @ 300 ml/acre or profenophos 50% EC @ 400 ml/acre at 10 days intervals.

In areas where there is a lot of termite problem, this pest causes a huge loss in sugarcane.
Termites can be confirmed by looking at the living termites and their built tunnel in the roots and lower stem of the affected plant.
In summer, deep plowing in the soil to destroy termites and always use good rotten manure (FYM).
1 kg Beauveria bassiana should be mixed with 25 kg FYM before sowing.
Use Chlorpyriphos 20 EC with irrigation @ 2.47 liters per hectare.