Gramophone – Page 19

Management of Leaf Roll Virus in Potato

Management of Leaf Roll Virus in Potato:-

The disease is managed by using virus-free seed potatoes.
Multiplying virus-free seed in aphid free areas.
Population of aphid vectors is controlled by application of suitable contact/systemic insecticides.
For effictive control of aphid, Spray Acetamiprid 20% SP @ 10 Gm/ 15 Litre water or Imidacloprid 17.8% SL @ 10 Ml/15 Litre water.

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Yellow Mosaic Disease in Okra/Bhindi:-

This is the most important and destructive viral disease in bhindi.
The disease infects at all the stages of crop growth and severely reduces growth and yield.
The disease is transmitted by whitefly.
The characteristic symptoms of the disease are a homogenous interwoven network of yellow veins enclosing islands of green tissues.
Initially, infected leaves exhibit only yellow coloured veins but in the later stages, the entire leaf turns completely yellow.
The fruits of the infected plants exhibit pale yellow colour, deformed, small and tough in texture.

Control-

Remove and destroy disease-affected leaves/plants from crop fields to avoid secondary spread.
Parbhani Kranti, Janardhan, Haritha, Arka Anamika and Arka Abhay can tolerate yellow vein mosaic.
Do not use high fertilizer during plant growth.
Do not roted okra with other hosts of virus.
If possible, choose early planting to the controlling of yellow mosaic virus disease.
Keep sanitation while using any tools that are using in crop.
Use 4-5 sticky trap/acre to the controlling of whitefly infestation.
Spray imidacloprid 17.8% SL 80 ml/acre for the controlling of whitefly.
Spray dimethoate 30% EC 250 ml/acre of water.

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Irrigation Management of Okra:-

First irrigation should be given when first true leaf initiates in springs summer and when it expands in Kharif season.
Subsequent irrigations at 4-5 days Intervals are given to summer crop.
If temperature goes around 40 ⁰C frequent light irrigation are recommended for proper fruiting.
The soil should be kept moist and flooding or wilting of plants should be avoided.
Moisture stress during flowering and fruit/seed setting causes around 70% crop losses.
The nutrient uptake from soil is also at peak during fruit set and development stage.
A water stress in the field during this period not only cause yield reductions but also affects the nutritional status of the fruits.

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As insect pupates in the soil, deep plowing soon after the crop exposes and kill grubs and pupae.
Apply Cartap hydrochloride 3 G granule + 2 kg beauveria bassiana 3-4cm deep in the soil near the base of germinated seedlings.
Spray the crop with2 kg beauveria bassiana + Cypermathrin 4 % EC +Profenofos 40%EC @ 400 ML/acre.or
Spray the crop with 2 kg beauveria bassiana + lambda Cyhalothrin 4.9%CS @ 200ml/acre.

The grubs feed on the roots and underground portion of host plants and fruits touching the soil.
The damaged roots and infested underground, a portion of stems start rotting due to secondary infection by saprophytic fungi, and the unripe fruits of such vines dry up.
Infested fruits become unfit for human consumption.
Adult beetles feed voraciously on leaf lamina making irregular holes.
They prefer young seedling and tender leaves and damage may even kill the seedlings.

Use uniform irrigation and fertilization practices to prevent the phase of bulb splitting.
The use of slow growth of the onion bulb varieties can reduce the incidence of this disorder.

Uneven irrigation of onion fields increases the incidence of this disorder.
Fields that are over irrigated, allowed to dry completely and then over irrigated again often have many split bulbs.
Bulb mites are frequently associated with bulb splitting.

Use healthy seeds and treat them with Carbendazim+Mancozeb @ 250 Gm/ quintals seed before sowing.
Spray infected crop with Mancozeb 75% @ 400 gm/Acre at flowering and afterwards at 10-15 days intervals . or
Spray infected crop with Thiophanate methyl 70% Wp @ 250 gram/acre.or
Spray infected crop with Chlorothrlonil 75% WP @ 250 gram/acre.
Remove diseased plants and destroy them.
Maintain proper drainage.

Small, purple spots appear on leaves which may enlarge, turn brown and become zonate with a definite margin.
Similar lesions also appear on the stem which elongate and coalesce causing browning or blackening of stem.
On the pods, lesions are tan or brown in colour and irregular having a dark margin.

To install solar panels under the Kusum scheme, farmers have to pay 10 percent of the total cost of the equipment.
The remaining amount, 30 percent will be paid by the Central Government as subsidy while 30 percent by the State Government.
Remaining 30 percent, farmers can take loans from banks.
The government also helps farmers take loans from banks.