August 2025 – Page 3

Identification and control measures of aphids in cotton crops

12/08/2025 Friday August 8th, 2025

Aphid :- Aphid is a small insect that sucks the sap of leaves. The young and adults of this insect are greenish-yellow in color, which are found in innumerable numbers on the lower surface of the leaves, which suck the sap of the leaves. As a result, the leaves shrink and the color of the leaves becomes yellow. Later the leaves become stiff and dry and fall off after some time. Plants on which there is an outbreak of aphid, that plant does not develop properly and the plant appears to be diseased.

Control Measures:-

For the control of this pest, spray Marshal (Carbosulfan 25% EC) @ 500 ml or Novaceta (Acetamiprid 20% SC) @ 20 gm or KRI-March (Buprofezine 25% SC) @ 400 ml + Silico Maxx @ 50 ml, per acre 150 -200 liters of water.
For biological control, spray Briged B (BEAUVERIA BASSIANA 1.15% WP) @1 kg/acre @ 150-200 liters of water.
Apart from this, farmers should install yellow sticky traps @ 8-10 per acre, in the field to report pest infestation. This will indicate the pest outbreak, on the basis of which the farmers can save the crop from pest infestation by adopting the above mentioned measures.

For more such important information related to the agriculture sector, keep reading the articles of Gramophone daily. If you liked today’s information, then do not forget to share

How to control the outbreak of termites in horticulture crops

11/08/2025 Friday August 8th, 2025

The problem of termites is seen in horticultural crops like pomegranate, mango, guava, Jamun, lemon, orange, papaya, amla etc.
Insects tunnel into the ground and feed plant roots. When the outbreak is high, they also eat the stem and form a soil-like structure.
In summer, deep ploughing in the soil to destroy termites and always use good rotten manure (FYM).
1 kg Beauveria bassiana should be mixed with 25 kg FYM before sowing.
Fill the termite mound with kerosene so that all other insects along with the termite queen die.
Use chlorpyrifos 50 EC @ 250 ml per 10 litres of water in the holes made on the stems by the termites and add the same medicine near the roots of the tree in 50 ml per 10 litres of water.

For such important information related to the agriculture sector and farmers, do read Gramophone articles daily. If you liked today’s information then don’t forget to share.

This is how to control the problem of flowers and Square dropping in cotton crop

11/08/2025 Friday August 8th, 2025

There can be many reasons for the dropping of flowers and squares in the cotton crop. Due to obstruction in the action of photosynthesis in any way, there is also the problem of the fall of squares and flowers. Water logging in the field during the flowering stage increases the rate of flower drop. Excess water in the soil affects the movement of air, which adversely affects both flowers and fruits. Due to the deficiency of zinc and boron in the plant, flowers and fruits also fall. In the stage of flowers and fruits, the presence of clouds in the sky for a long time or the absence of sunlight for many days affects the flowers. Adequate sunlight is an important factor. A high number of plants per unit is also a reason for flower and fruit drop. Excessive use of nitrogen promotes vegetative growth, as a result of which flowers and squares fall, due to the presence of pests or diseases, flowers and fruits also fall prematurely. Sometimes they also fall due to hormonal imbalances in the plant. To save flowers from dropping and for good balls:-

* Take spray of Homobrassinolide 0.04% w/w at 100-120 ml./acre.

* Use Seaweed Vigormaxx Gel Gold @ 400 gm/acre.

* Take a spray of micronutrient Nutriful Maxx @ 250ml/acre.

For such important information related to the agriculture sector and farmers, do read Gramophone articles daily. If you liked today’s information then don’t forget to share.

Identify the symptoms of fusarium wilt in cotton and adopt control measures

10/08/2025 Friday August 8th, 2025

Fusarium Wilt is one of the major diseases of cotton.
Discolourations of leaves start from the margins and spread towards midribs.
The veins become darker, narrower and have spots.
Browning and blackening of vascular tissues.

Control of Fusarium wilt in cotton crop:-
Adopt a six-year crop rotation.
Level up after deep ploughing (6-7 inches).
Use disease-free seed.
Seed treatment with 2.5 g/kg Carmanova (Carbendazim 12%+ Mancozeb 63% WP)
Before flowering take a spray of NovaPhanate (thiophanate methyl 75%wp) @ 300 gm/acre.
Spray Zerox (Propiconazole 25%) @ 200 ml/acre at boll formation.

For such important information related to the agriculture sector and farmers, do read Gramophone articles daily. If you liked today’s information then don’t forget to share.

The problem and prevention of bacterial stalk rot in maize crops

10/08/2025 Friday August 8th, 2025

It is a disease most prevalent in areas with high rainfall. The middle leaves of the plant wither and start drying from the top of the plant. At the same time a soft rot develops in the stalk. Which rapidly spreads to the lower parts of the stem and smells bad. Due to which the stem becomes weak, its top hangs down. The cluster of leaves of such a top part can be easily separated from the stem by pulling, the plant falls from the rotten part.

Preventive Measures

For biological control, spray Monas Curb (Pseudomonas fluorescens) @ 500 gm/acre @ 150-200 Ltr of water.

For more such important information related to the agriculture sector, keep reading the articles of Gramophone daily. If you liked today’s information, then do not forget to share.

Onion crop will be damaged due to Damping off disease, know how to prevent

09/08/2025 Friday August 8th, 2025

High soil moisture and moderate temperature along with high humidity, especially in the rainy season leads to the development of the disease.
Pre-emergence damping off results in seed and seedling rot before these emerge out of the soil.
Post-emergence damping off results in pathogen attack on the collar region of seedlings on the surface of the soil.
The collar portion rots and ultimately the seedling collapses and dies.
Healthy seeds should be selected for sowing.
Spray of Carmanova (Carbendazim 12%+ Mancozeb 63% WP) @ 500gm/Acre.

For such important information related to the agriculture sector and farmers, do read Gramophone articles daily. If you liked today’s information then don’t forget to share.

Identify leaf blast disease in paddy and adopt preventive measures soon

08/08/2025 Friday August 8th, 2025

Rice blast is one of the most destructive diseases of rice.
A leaf blast infection can kill seedlings or plants up to the tillering stage.
At later growth stages, a severe leaf blast infection reduces leaf area for grain fill, reducing grain yield.
Initial symptoms appear as white to grey-green lesions or spots, with dark green borders.
Older lesions on the leaves are elliptical or spindle-shaped and whitish to grey centres with red to brownish or necrotic borders.

Control Measures

Treat the seed with 2.5 g/kg Carmanova (Carbendazim 12%+ Mancozeb 63% WP)
Remove and burn the infected plant debris in the soil after deep summer ploughing during June-July.
Apply increased doses of potash with a balanced dose of nitrogenous and phosphatic fertilizers.
Apply heavy doses of farm yard manure or other organic manures at 100t/ha.

For more such important information related to the agriculture sector, keep reading the articles of Gramophone daily. If you liked today’s information, then do not forget to share.

Sheath Blight will cause heavy loss in paddy, take preventive measures soon

07/08/2025 Thursday August 7th, 2025

Sheath Blight is a fungal disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Due to the development of high-yielding and highly fertilizer-consuming species, this disease occupies a prominent place in paddy diseases.
Its effect is so much that it can cause up to 50 per cent loss in yield. The infection of this disease starts appearing in the nursery itself. Due to this, the plants start rotting from below.
In the main field, these symptoms appear at the final stage of tillering. Spots begin to form on the leaf sheaths above the water surface. The shape of these spots is irregular the edge is dark brown and the middle part is light coloured. Circular spots are formed on the leaves.
Many small spots together make a big spot. Due to this the sheath, stem, and flag leaf get completely affected and the plant dies. In the fields, this disease appears more acute in August and September. In infected plants, spikes emerge and grains are also not formed.
Spray Novacone (Hexaconazole 5% EC) @ 400 ml or Sheathmar (Validamycin 3% L) @ 600 – 800 ml per acre as soon as initial symptoms appear.

For more such important information related to the agriculture sector, keep reading the articles of Gramophone daily. If you liked today’s information, then do not forget to share.

Necessary spraying for proper growth, development and flowering in soybean

06/08/2025 Thursday August 7th, 2025

Necessary spraying for proper growth and flowering in soybean

Soybean is one of the major oilseed, pulse crops grown in Kharif season. Proper nutritional management is very important for high yields of soybean.

For proper growth and development in soybean –

Tri Coat Maxx – It is a plant growth stimulator. Contains Organic Carbon 3% (Combination of Humic, Fluvic , Organic Nutrients). Helps in good development of root and stem of plants and also increases the reproductive growth of plants.

Method of use – At the rate of 4kg Tri Coat Maxx per acre, broadcast with the nutrients given at that time.

For good flowering and pod filling –

Nutriful Maxx is a plant growth promoter. In it are found Fulvic acid extract – 20% + calcium, magnesium and potash in trace amounts, 5% + amino acids .It increases the number of flowers and prevents them from falling. enhances fruit quality, and also increases the availability of nutrients. Boosts immunity against drought, frost etc. Spray at the rate of 250 ml NutriFul Maxx per acre.

For more such important information related to the agriculture sector, keep reading the articles of Gramophone daily. If you liked today’s information, then do not forget to share

Give protection to soybean crop from the outbreak of Rust disease

05/08/2025 Thursday August 7th, 2025

This disease is caused by a fungus called Cacopsora pachyrhizi. When the temperature remains between 18 to 28 degree Celsius due to continuous rains or the expected humidity is around 80 percent or leaves remain wet, then the possibility of Rust disease increases.

On the leaves of plants affected by this disease, needle-tip-shaped spots appear on the lower surface. Within a short time, these spots start growing in groups and spread over the entire leaf. They emit a brown powder which falls on the healthy leaves and increases the severity of the disease.

Spray Novacone (Hexaconazole 5% EC) 300 ml or Galileo (Picoxystrobin 22.52% w/w SC) 160 ml/acre in 150 liters of water at the initial stage of the disease.

For more such important information related to the agriculture sector, keep reading the articles of Gramophone daily. If you liked today’s information, then do not forget to share.

Control Measures:-

For the control of this pest, spray Marshal (Carbosulfan 25% EC) @ 500 ml or Novaceta (Acetamiprid 20% SC) @ 20 gm or KRI-March (Buprofezine 25% SC) @ 400 ml + Silico Maxx @ 50 ml, per acre 150 -200 liters of water.

For biological control, spray Briged B (BEAUVERIA BASSIANA 1.15% WP) @1 kg/acre @ 150-200 liters of water.

Apart from this, farmers should install yellow sticky traps @ 8-10 per acre, in the field to report pest infestation. This will indicate the pest outbreak, on the basis of which the farmers can save the crop from pest infestation by adopting the above mentioned measures.

The problem of termites is seen in horticultural crops like pomegranate, mango, guava, Jamun, lemon, orange, papaya, amla etc.

Insects tunnel into the ground and feed plant roots. When the outbreak is high, they also eat the stem and form a soil-like structure.

In summer, deep ploughing in the soil to destroy termites and always use good rotten manure (FYM).

1 kg Beauveria bassiana should be mixed with 25 kg FYM before sowing.

Fill the termite mound with kerosene so that all other insects along with the termite queen die.

Use chlorpyrifos 50 EC @ 250 ml per 10 litres of water in the holes made on the stems by the termites and add the same medicine near the roots of the tree in 50 ml per 10 litres of water.

* Take spray of Homobrassinolide 0.04% w/w at 100-120 ml./acre.

* Use Seaweed Vigormaxx Gel Gold @ 400 gm/acre.

* Take a spray of micronutrient Nutriful Maxx @ 250ml/acre.

Fusarium Wilt is one of the major diseases of cotton.

Discolourations of leaves start from the margins and spread towards midribs.

The veins become darker, narrower and have spots.

Browning and blackening of vascular tissues.

Control of Fusarium wilt in cotton crop:-

Adopt a six-year crop rotation.

Level up after deep ploughing (6-7 inches).

Use disease-free seed.

Seed treatment with 2.5 g/kg Carmanova (Carbendazim 12%+ Mancozeb 63% WP)

Before flowering take a spray of NovaPhanate (thiophanate methyl 75%wp) @ 300 gm/acre.

Spray Zerox (Propiconazole 25%) @ 200 ml/acre at boll formation.

Preventive Measures

For biological control, spray Monas Curb (Pseudomonas fluorescens) @ 500 gm/acre @ 150-200 Ltr of water.

High soil moisture and moderate temperature along with high humidity, especially in the rainy season leads to the development of the disease.

Pre-emergence damping off results in seed and seedling rot before these emerge out of the soil.

Post-emergence damping off results in pathogen attack on the collar region of seedlings on the surface of the soil.

The collar portion rots and ultimately the seedling collapses and dies.

Healthy seeds should be selected for sowing.

Spray of Carmanova (Carbendazim 12%+ Mancozeb 63% WP) @ 500gm/Acre.

Rice blast is one of the most destructive diseases of rice.

A leaf blast infection can kill seedlings or plants up to the tillering stage.

At later growth stages, a severe leaf blast infection reduces leaf area for grain fill, reducing grain yield.

Initial symptoms appear as white to grey-green lesions or spots, with dark green borders.

Older lesions on the leaves are elliptical or spindle-shaped and whitish to grey centres with red to brownish or necrotic borders.

Control Measures

Treat the seed with 2.5 g/kg Carmanova (Carbendazim 12%+ Mancozeb 63% WP)

Remove and burn the infected plant debris in the soil after deep summer ploughing during June-July.

Apply increased doses of potash with a balanced dose of nitrogenous and phosphatic fertilizers.

Apply heavy doses of farm yard manure or other organic manures at 100t/ha.

Sheath Blight is a fungal disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Due to the development of high-yielding and highly fertilizer-consuming species, this disease occupies a prominent place in paddy diseases.

Its effect is so much that it can cause up to 50 per cent loss in yield. The infection of this disease starts appearing in the nursery itself. Due to this, the plants start rotting from below.

In the main field, these symptoms appear at the final stage of tillering. Spots begin to form on the leaf sheaths above the water surface. The shape of these spots is irregular the edge is dark brown and the middle part is light coloured. Circular spots are formed on the leaves.

Many small spots together make a big spot. Due to this the sheath, stem, and flag leaf get completely affected and the plant dies. In the fields, this disease appears more acute in August and September. In infected plants, spikes emerge and grains are also not formed.

Spray Novacone (Hexaconazole 5% EC) @ 400 ml or Sheathmar (Validamycin 3% L) @ 600 – 800 ml per acre as soon as initial symptoms appear.

Soybean is one of the major oilseed, pulse crops grown in Kharif season. Proper nutritional management is very important for high yields of soybean.

For proper growth and development in soybean –

Tri Coat Maxx – It is a plant growth stimulator. Contains Organic Carbon 3% (Combination of Humic, Fluvic , Organic Nutrients). Helps in good development of root and stem of plants and also increases the reproductive growth of plants.

Method of use – At the rate of 4kg Tri Coat Maxx per acre, broadcast with the nutrients given at that time.

For good flowering and pod filling –

This disease is caused by a fungus called Cacopsora pachyrhizi. When the temperature remains between 18 to 28 degree Celsius due to continuous rains or the expected humidity is around 80 percent or leaves remain wet, then the possibility of Rust disease increases.

On the leaves of plants affected by this disease, needle-tip-shaped spots appear on the lower surface. Within a short time, these spots start growing in groups and spread over the entire leaf. They emit a brown powder which falls on the healthy leaves and increases the severity of the disease.

Spray Novacone (Hexaconazole 5% EC) 300 ml or Galileo (Picoxystrobin 22.52% w/w SC) 160 ml/acre in 150 liters of water at the initial stage of the disease.