FYM – Gramophone

Why & how to apply FYM in soil?

Most of the arable lands across the country show low levels of organic carbon with deficiencies ranging from 11% to 76%.
FYM is a good source of organic carbon.
Soil organic carbon is the key factor of soil fertility by releasing the nutrients for plant growth, promotes the structure of the physical and biological health of the soil.
Farmyard manure is organic matter used as fertilizer in agriculture. Manures improve the fertility of adding organic matter and lots of nutrients, On average well-composted farmyard manure contains 0.5% N, 0.2 % P2O5and 0.5 % K2O.

They supply plant nutrients including micronutrients and increase their availability.
They improve soil physical properties like Water holding capacity, Porosity, etc.
Heat and CO2 control harmful fungus & insects in the soil. This CO2 & Heat are released due to the decomposition of FYM.
The nutrients are lost due to leaching by rainwater so 8 -10 Tones /acre well-rotted farmyard manure (FYM) should be spread uniformly on the unploughed soil.

Onion needs a heavy dose of fertilizers for a good yield.
Farmyard manure @ 8-10 tonnes/Acre may be incorporated into the soil one month before transplanting.
Nitrogen 50 kg/Acre, Phosphorus 25 kg/Acre and Potash 30 kg/Acre.
Full amount of P, K and half of N are to be added just before transplanting.
Rest of the N is to be given as a second dose at 20-25 days after transplanting, and third dose is given at 45-60 days after transplanting.
Zinc sulphate application (Znso4@10 kg/Acre) and Boron 4 Kg/Acre increases yield as well as improves the quality of bulb.

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To increase the production by 50%, we should take three important measures in the soil

After harvesting the previous crop, the crop residues should not be destroyed by fire.
After harvesting, cultivate the farm twice, so that the crop residues dissolve and provide nutrients to the plants.
Apply FYM @ 10 t/acre OR Vermicompost 2.5 t /acre + SSP @100 kg apply at the time of ploughing in the field.
Apply (1 kg of micronutrients + PSB 2 kg + KMB 2 kg + NFB 2 kg + ZnSB 4 kg + Trichoderma 2 kg) per acre on sowing time.

2. To improve the physical condition of the soil –

If the farmer having an adequate amount of water plough the field after harvesting and mix speedkampost @ 4kg/acre, after mixing provide one irrigation.
In 15-20 days, crop residues with the help of Speed kampost disintegrate well and improve soil structure.
3. For the pH balance of soil –
To control the soil pH, slow-release nutrients should be used.
Fertilizers should be used in a balanced amount of more Acid and Base content.
The soil pH rage maintains between 6.0 to 7.0 for good production of crops.
For the improvement of acidic soil, the amount of calcium carbonate should be applied according to the soil test report.
For the improvement of alkaline soil, gypsum should be applied according to the soil test report.

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