Tip of the day – Page 22

Know the reasons for premature tuber sprouting in the main field in garlic crop

17/02/2025 Friday February 14th, 2025

Garlic bulbs are sometimes observed to germinate in the field at the beginning of the maturity stage of the bulb, especially when it rains in the winter season or due to excess soil moisture and nitrogen supply. Also, this problem in garlic is caused by irrigation more often than the normal requirement in the crop.

Short-duration varieties are more susceptible to this problem than long-duration varieties. Delayed harvesting in the rainy season leads to premature germination and cracking of tubers. Also, the wide spacing of cloves at the time of planting increases the absorption of nitrogen and water by individual plants, resulting in premature germination.

Symptoms and control of anthracnose disease in watermelon

16/02/2025 Friday February 14th, 2025

Symptoms of anthracnose appear on both leaves and fruits. In the initial stage, yellow, round water-soaked spots appear on the leaves, later these spots mix together and become large and brown. Affected leaves dry up. Also, circular watery and light brown colored spots appear on the fruits and the fruits become hard.

Control: To control this disease, use treated seeds for sowing, and seed treatment with Bavistin (Carbendazim 50 WP) @ 2 grams per kg of seed. And if the outbreak of the disease is visible, spray M-45 (Mancozeb 75% WP) @ 2 gm/liter of water.

Damage caused by red pumpkin beetle in watermelon and preventive measures

15/02/2025 Friday February 14th, 2025

In this pest, both nymphs and adults damage the crop. The young eat the root, underground stem and fruits attached to the ground, due to which the plant starts withering or rotting may also occur in the plant. Adult insects make holes in the leaves of plants, due to which the plant does not grow and when the outbreak increases, the plant also dies and due to this, there are burnt spots in the field. This pest can also damage the flowering stage, which reduces the fruit set, and in severe stages, production can be reduced by 90%.

Preventive Measures: To control this pest, plough the fields immediately after harvesting and destroy the dormant adults. If infestation is observed, take a spray of Emanova (Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG) @ 100 gm/acre or Tafgor (Dimethoate 30% EC) @ 200 ml per acre in 150-200 litres of water.

Symptoms and control of loose smut in wheat crop

14/02/2025 Thursday February 13th, 2025

It is a seed-borne disease in wheat crops. The symptoms of this disease appear only after the Bali stage. Instead of grains, spores of the pathogen are found in the form of black powder in the ears of diseased plants and these spores are covered with a thin membrane. Affected plants usually mature earlier and have a shorter height.

Preventive measures for loose smut disease:

Seed treatment is the best way to control this disease. Remove infected spikes when leaves turn yellow. Apart from this, spray Carmanova (Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63%) @ 600 gm/acre or Tesu Nova (Tebuconazole 10% + Sulphur 65% WG) @ 500 gm per acre in 200 litres of water to control the disease.

Identification and control of powdery mildew disease in okra crop

13/02/2025 Wednesday February 12th, 2025

Powdery mildew disease symptoms are clearly visible on both the old leaves and stem of the plant. White-coloured powdery spots are formed on the leaves and stems of the affected plants. As the attack progresses, the leaves turn yellow and start falling off. The fruits of infested plants remain small in size, and the production is also very less due to this. The outbreak of the disease increases when there is more humidity in the environment.

Control: To control it, spray Bavistin (Carbendazim 50% WP) @ 200 grams per acre in 150 to 200 litres of water or Sulphur 80% WP @ 1.2 kg per acre in 300-400 litres of water.

Benefits of Beauveria bassiana in crops

12/02/2025 Wednesday February 12th, 2025

Beauveria bassiana is a biological insecticide based on fungi. This fungus is found naturally in most parts of the world. Also, the spores of this fungus germinate as soon as they come in contact with the skin of the insect, and spread on the body of the insect, due to which the fungus spreads throughout the body of the insect and within 48 to 72 hours the insect dies.

Beauveria bassiana is also effective in high humidity and low temperature. It is beneficial for the prevention of pests like pod borer, leaf folder, leaf-eating insects, sucking insects, termites in the soil and white grub etc. in different types of crops and vegetables. Also, it controls the pest caused by fungus.

Method of use:

For soil application, 1 kg per acre mixed with about 75 kg of FYM should be used at the time of the last ploughing.
If pest infestation is seen in the standing crop, then spray at the rate of 250-500 grams per acre mixed with 150-200 litres of water.
Chemical fungicides should not be used before and after the use of Beauveria bassiana.

Damage and control of pod borer in chilli

11/02/2025 Tuesday February 11th, 2025

It is a polyphagous insect. Larvae of this pest often damage the crop by making holes in the fruit. In the initial stage, the young larvae feed on flower buds and fruits by making circular holes. Later, this larva eats the fruit from the inside by putting its head inside it. As the infection progresses, the fruits rot and fall down.

Control: To control this pest, apply Emanova (Emamectin Benzoate 5% SC) @ 80 ml per acre or Cover (Chlorantraniliprole 18. 50 % SC) @ 60 ml per acre along with Bave Curb (Beauveria bassiana) @ 250 gm per acre. Spray in 150-200 litres of water.

Symptoms and control of blossom end rot in watermelon crop

10/02/2025 Monday February 10th, 2025

Blossom end rot is caused due to calcium deficiency in the plant. When these symptoms appear, it may be that there is not enough calcium in the soil or calcium is present but the plant roots can not absorb it. In this disease, a dark brown or black spot appears at the end of the fruit, which later dries up or becomes leathery. It is light green in the initial stage but turns brown and black as the fruit matures.

Control: To control it, spray Chelated Calcium @ 1 – 2 g per litre of water, or YaraLiva Calcinate (Calcium Nitrate) @ 0.5 – 1.25 kg per acre per day through a drip for one week. Along with this, maintain sufficient moisture in the field continuously.

The yield will not be harmed by these precautions at the time of potato digging

09/02/2025 Monday February 10th, 2025

Potato digging is mostly done from February to the second week of March. Proper management of digging is very important in potato crops so that there is minimum damage to potato tubers. Potato tubers are often scratched on the top during digging, which increases the chances of spoilage during storage.

Precautions:

Digging of potatoes should be done after 80 to 90 days of sowing when the crop becomes mature, and the leaves of the plants turn yellow.
Digging should be done before the temperature reaches about 30 degrees centigrade.
While digging, the weather must be dry.
Irrigation should be stopped 2 weeks before digging.
After digging, potato tubers should be kept in the open air for a few days, so that the skins of the tubers will harden.
If some tubers have been cut while digging, then the cut tubers should be removed during sorting.
Do not dry potato tubers in the sun, if the tubers are dried in the sun then their storage capacity will be affected.

Benefits and types of plastic mulching

08/02/2025 Monday February 10th, 2025

Plastic mulching is the process of systematically covering the soil around the plants with a plastic film.

Benefits of plastic mulching:

Due to plastic mulching, the moisture in the soil remains for a long time and due to this water is also saved.
Mulching also helps in controlling the temperature of the soil.
There is less chance of weed growth in the crop and good root growth.
It also helps in protecting crops from frost.
This does not cause soil erosion, as well as it helps in keeping the soil friable and soft.
There is an increase in production, as well as an improvement in the quality of the product.

Types of plastic mulching:

Black Mulching: This mulching is mostly used for weed control in horticulture crops. Due to its black colour, sunlight does not enter the soil, due to which photosynthesis of weeds does not take place and their growth stops under the mulch.

Blue Mulching: Blue-colored mulch works to control the outbreak of aphids and thrips in crops. More fruits are obtained in cucurbitaceous crops.

Transparent Mulching: This type of mulching is mostly used for the solar treatment of soil. Also, it can be used for the cultivation of vegetables in the winter season.

The thickness of Plastic Mulching: Decide the thickness of the mulch film according to the type and age of the crop. The thickness of the mulch should complete the life cycle of the crop. Mulch thickness should be 25 microns in most vegetable crops and 100 microns in fruit crops.

Control: To control this disease, use treated seeds for sowing, and seed treatment with Bavistin (Carbendazim 50 WP) @ 2 grams per kg of seed. And if the outbreak of the disease is visible, spray M-45 (Mancozeb 75% WP) @ 2 gm/liter of water.

Preventive Measures: To control this pest, plough the fields immediately after harvesting and destroy the dormant adults. If infestation is observed, take a spray of Emanova (Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG) @ 100 gm/acre or Tafgor (Dimethoate 30% EC) @ 200 ml per acre in 150-200 litres of water.

Preventive measures for loose smut disease:

Seed treatment is the best way to control this disease. Remove infected spikes when leaves turn yellow. Apart from this, spray Carmanova (Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63%) @ 600 gm/acre or Tesu Nova (Tebuconazole 10% + Sulphur 65% WG) @ 500 gm per acre in 200 litres of water to control the disease.

Control: To control it, spray Bavistin (Carbendazim 50% WP) @ 200 grams per acre in 150 to 200 litres of water or Sulphur 80% WP @ 1.2 kg per acre in 300-400 litres of water.

Method of use:

For soil application, 1 kg per acre mixed with about 75 kg of FYM should be used at the time of the last ploughing.

If pest infestation is seen in the standing crop, then spray at the rate of 250-500 grams per acre mixed with 150-200 litres of water.

Chemical fungicides should not be used before and after the use of Beauveria bassiana.

Control: To control this pest, apply Emanova (Emamectin Benzoate 5% SC) @ 80 ml per acre or Cover (Chlorantraniliprole 18. 50 % SC) @ 60 ml per acre along with Bave Curb (Beauveria bassiana) @ 250 gm per acre. Spray in 150-200 litres of water.

Control: To control it, spray Chelated Calcium @ 1 – 2 g per litre of water, or YaraLiva Calcinate (Calcium Nitrate) @ 0.5 – 1.25 kg per acre per day through a drip for one week. Along with this, maintain sufficient moisture in the field continuously.

Precautions:

Digging of potatoes should be done after 80 to 90 days of sowing when the crop becomes mature, and the leaves of the plants turn yellow.

Digging should be done before the temperature reaches about 30 degrees centigrade.

While digging, the weather must be dry.

Irrigation should be stopped 2 weeks before digging.

After digging, potato tubers should be kept in the open air for a few days, so that the skins of the tubers will harden.

If some tubers have been cut while digging, then the cut tubers should be removed during sorting.

Do not dry potato tubers in the sun, if the tubers are dried in the sun then their storage capacity will be affected.

Plastic mulching is the process of systematically covering the soil around the plants with a plastic film.

Benefits of plastic mulching:

Due to plastic mulching, the moisture in the soil remains for a long time and due to this water is also saved.

Mulching also helps in controlling the temperature of the soil.

There is less chance of weed growth in the crop and good root growth.

It also helps in protecting crops from frost.

This does not cause soil erosion, as well as it helps in keeping the soil friable and soft.

There is an increase in production, as well as an improvement in the quality of the product.

Types of plastic mulching:

Black Mulching: This mulching is mostly used for weed control in horticulture crops. Due to its black colour, sunlight does not enter the soil, due to which photosynthesis of weeds does not take place and their growth stops under the mulch.

Blue Mulching: Blue-colored mulch works to control the outbreak of aphids and thrips in crops. More fruits are obtained in cucurbitaceous crops.

Transparent Mulching: This type of mulching is mostly used for the solar treatment of soil. Also, it can be used for the cultivation of vegetables in the winter season.

The thickness of Plastic Mulching: Decide the thickness of the mulch film according to the type and age of the crop. The thickness of the mulch should complete the life cycle of the crop. Mulch thickness should be 25 microns in most vegetable crops and 100 microns in fruit crops.